P. 5 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 401-500   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
1.2.6  Logical conjunction This section defines conjunction of two formulas, denoted by infix "∧ " and read "and". It is defined in terms of implication and negation, which is possible in classical logic (but not in intuitionistic logic: see iset.mm). After the definition, we briefly introduce conversion of simple expressions to and from conjunction. Two simple operations called importation (imp 412) and exportation (ex 418) follow. In the propositions-as-types interpretation, they correspond to uncurrying and currying respectively. They are foundational for this section. Most of the theorems proved here trace back to them, mostly indirectly, in a layered fashion, where more complex expressions are built from simpler ones. Here are some of these successive layers: importation and exportation, commutativity and associativity laws, adding antecedents and simplifying, conjunction of consequents, syllogisms, etc. As indicated in the "note on definitions" in the section comment for logical equivalence, some theorems containing only implication, negation and conjunction are placed in the section after disjunction since theirs proofs use disjunction (although this is not required since definitions are conservative, see said section comment).
Syntax	wa 401	Extend wff definition to include conjunction ("and").
wff (𝜑 ∧ 𝜓)
Definition	df-an 402	Define conjunction (logical "and"). Definition of [Margaris] p. 49. When both the left and right operand are true, the result is true; when either is false, the result is false. For example, it is true that (2 = 2 ∧ 3 = 3). After we define the constant true ⊤ (df-tru 1573) and the constant false ⊥ (df-fal 1583), we will be able to prove these truth table values: ((⊤ ∧ ⊤) ↔ ⊤) (truantru 1603), ((⊤ ∧ ⊥) ↔ ⊥) (truanfal 1604), ((⊥ ∧ ⊤) ↔ ⊥) (falantru 1605), and ((⊥ ∧ ⊥) ↔ ⊥) (falanfal 1606). This is our first use of the biconditional connective in a definition; we use the biconditional connective in place of the traditional "<=def=>", which means the same thing, except that we can manipulate the biconditional connective directly in proofs rather than having to rely on an informal definition substitution rule. Note that if we mechanically substitute ¬ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝜓) for (𝜑 ∧ 𝜓), we end up with an instance of previously proved theorem biid 264. This is the justification for the definition, along with the fact that it introduces a new symbol ∧. Contrast with ∨ (df-or 862), → (wi 4), ⊼ (df-nan 1522), and ⊻ (df-xor 1542). (Contributed by NM, 5-Jan-1993.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ↔ ¬ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝜓))
Theorem	pm4.63 403	Theorem *4.63 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 120. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-2005.)
⊢ (¬ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝜓) ↔ (𝜑 ∧ 𝜓))
Theorem	pm4.67 404	Theorem *4.67 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 120. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-2005.)
⊢ (¬ (¬ 𝜑 → ¬ 𝜓) ↔ (¬ 𝜑 ∧ 𝜓))
Theorem	imnan 405	Express an implication in terms of a negated conjunction. (Contributed by NM, 9-Apr-1994.)
⊢ ((𝜑 → ¬ 𝜓) ↔ ¬ (𝜑 ∧ 𝜓))
Theorem	imnani 406	Infer an implication from a negated conjunction. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-Sep-2015.)
⊢ ¬ (𝜑 ∧ 𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝜓)
Theorem	iman 407	Implication in terms of conjunction and negation. Theorem 3.4(27) of [Stoll] p. 176. (Contributed by NM, 12-Mar-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 30-Oct-2012.)
⊢ ((𝜑 → 𝜓) ↔ ¬ (𝜑 ∧ ¬ 𝜓))
Theorem	pm3.24 408	Law of noncontradiction. Theorem *3.24 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 111 (who call it the "law of contradiction"). (Contributed by NM, 16-Sep-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 24-Nov-2012.)
⊢ ¬ (𝜑 ∧ ¬ 𝜑)
Theorem	annim 409	Express a conjunction in terms of a negated implication. (Contributed by NM, 2-Aug-1994.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ ¬ 𝜓) ↔ ¬ (𝜑 → 𝜓))
Theorem	pm4.61 410	Theorem *4.61 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 120. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-2005.)
⊢ (¬ (𝜑 → 𝜓) ↔ (𝜑 ∧ ¬ 𝜓))
Theorem	pm4.65 411	Theorem *4.65 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 120. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-2005.)
⊢ (¬ (¬ 𝜑 → 𝜓) ↔ (¬ 𝜑 ∧ ¬ 𝜓))
Theorem	imp 412	Importation inference. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-1993.) (Proof shortened by Eric Schmidt, 22-Dec-2006.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → 𝜒))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → 𝜒)
Theorem	impcom 413	Importation inference with commuted antecedents. (Contributed by NM, 25-May-2005.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → 𝜒))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜓 ∧ 𝜑) → 𝜒)
Theorem	con3dimp 414	Variant of con3d 153 with importation. (Contributed by Jonathan Ben-Naim, 3-Jun-2011.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → 𝜒))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ ¬ 𝜒) → ¬ 𝜓)
Theorem	mpnanrd 415	Eliminate the right side of a negated conjunction in an implication. (Contributed by ML, 17-Oct-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝜓)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ (𝜓 ∧ 𝜒))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝜒)
Theorem	impd 416	Importation deduction. (Contributed by NM, 31-Mar-1994.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → 𝜃)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝜓 ∧ 𝜒) → 𝜃))
Theorem	impcomd 417	Importation deduction with commuted antecedents. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 24-Sep-2022.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 22-Oct-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → 𝜃)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝜒 ∧ 𝜓) → 𝜃))
Theorem	ex 418	Exportation inference. (This theorem used to be labeled "exp" but was changed to "ex" so as not to conflict with the math token "exp", per the June 2006 Metamath spec change.) A translation of natural deduction rule → I (→ introduction), see natded 30791. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-1993.) (Proof shortened by Eric Schmidt, 22-Dec-2006.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → 𝜒)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → 𝜒))
Theorem	expcom 419	Exportation inference with commuted antecedents. (Contributed by NM, 25-May-2005.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → 𝜒)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜓 → (𝜑 → 𝜒))
Theorem	expdcom 420	Commuted form of expd 421. (Contributed by Alan Sare, 18-Mar-2012.) Shorten expd 421. (Revised by Wolf Lammen, 28-Jul-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝜓 ∧ 𝜒) → 𝜃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜑 → 𝜃)))
Theorem	expd 421	Exportation deduction. (Contributed by NM, 20-Aug-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 28-Jul-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝜓 ∧ 𝜒) → 𝜃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → 𝜃)))
Theorem	expcomd 422	Deduction form of expcom 419. (Contributed by Alan Sare, 22-Jul-2012.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝜓 ∧ 𝜒) → 𝜃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜒 → (𝜓 → 𝜃)))
Theorem	imp31 423	An importation inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-1994.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → 𝜃)))    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ∧ 𝜒) → 𝜃)
Theorem	imp32 424	An importation inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-1994.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → 𝜃)))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝜓 ∧ 𝜒)) → 𝜃)
Theorem	exp31 425	An exportation inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-1994.)
⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ∧ 𝜒) → 𝜃)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → 𝜃)))
Theorem	exp32 426	An exportation inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-1994.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝜓 ∧ 𝜒)) → 𝜃)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → 𝜃)))
Theorem	imp4b 427	An importation inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-1994.) Shorten imp4a 428. (Revised by Wolf Lammen, 19-Jul-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → 𝜏))))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → ((𝜒 ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏))
Theorem	imp4a 428	An importation inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-1994.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 19-Jul-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → 𝜏))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → ((𝜒 ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏)))
Theorem	imp4c 429	An importation inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-1994.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → 𝜏))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (((𝜓 ∧ 𝜒) ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏))
Theorem	imp4d 430	An importation inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-1994.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → 𝜏))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝜓 ∧ (𝜒 ∧ 𝜃)) → 𝜏))
Theorem	imp41 431	An importation inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-1994.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → 𝜏))))    ⇒   ⊢ ((((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ∧ 𝜒) ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏)
Theorem	imp42 432	An importation inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-1994.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → 𝜏))))    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ (𝜓 ∧ 𝜒)) ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏)
Theorem	imp43 433	An importation inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-1994.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → 𝜏))))    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ∧ (𝜒 ∧ 𝜃)) → 𝜏)
Theorem	imp44 434	An importation inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-1994.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → 𝜏))))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ ((𝜓 ∧ 𝜒) ∧ 𝜃)) → 𝜏)
Theorem	imp45 435	An importation inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-1994.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → 𝜏))))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝜓 ∧ (𝜒 ∧ 𝜃))) → 𝜏)
Theorem	exp4b 436	An exportation inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-1994.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 23-Nov-2012.) Shorten exp4a 437. (Revised by Wolf Lammen, 20-Jul-2021.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → ((𝜒 ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → 𝜏))))
Theorem	exp4a 437	An exportation inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-1994.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 20-Jul-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → ((𝜒 ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → 𝜏))))
Theorem	exp4c 438	An exportation inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-1994.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (((𝜓 ∧ 𝜒) ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → 𝜏))))
Theorem	exp4d 439	An exportation inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-1994.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝜓 ∧ (𝜒 ∧ 𝜃)) → 𝜏))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → 𝜏))))
Theorem	exp41 440	An exportation inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-1994.)
⊢ ((((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ∧ 𝜒) ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → 𝜏))))
Theorem	exp42 441	An exportation inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-1994.)
⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ (𝜓 ∧ 𝜒)) ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → 𝜏))))
Theorem	exp43 442	An exportation inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-1994.)
⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ∧ (𝜒 ∧ 𝜃)) → 𝜏)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → 𝜏))))
Theorem	exp44 443	An exportation inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-1994.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ ((𝜓 ∧ 𝜒) ∧ 𝜃)) → 𝜏)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → 𝜏))))
Theorem	exp45 444	An exportation inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-1994.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝜓 ∧ (𝜒 ∧ 𝜃))) → 𝜏)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → 𝜏))))
Theorem	imp5d 445	An importation inference. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 7-Jul-2009.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → (𝜏 → 𝜂)))))    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ∧ 𝜒) → ((𝜃 ∧ 𝜏) → 𝜂))
Theorem	imp5a 446	An importation inference. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 7-Jul-2009.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 2-Aug-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → (𝜏 → 𝜂)))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → ((𝜃 ∧ 𝜏) → 𝜂))))
Theorem	imp5g 447	An importation inference. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 7-Jul-2009.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → (𝜏 → 𝜂)))))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → (((𝜒 ∧ 𝜃) ∧ 𝜏) → 𝜂))
Theorem	imp55 448	An importation inference. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 7-Jul-2009.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → (𝜏 → 𝜂)))))    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ (𝜓 ∧ (𝜒 ∧ 𝜃))) ∧ 𝜏) → 𝜂)
Theorem	imp511 449	An importation inference. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 7-Jul-2009.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → (𝜏 → 𝜂)))))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ ((𝜓 ∧ (𝜒 ∧ 𝜃)) ∧ 𝜏)) → 𝜂)
Theorem	exp5c 450	An exportation inference. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 7-Jul-2009.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝜓 ∧ 𝜒) → ((𝜃 ∧ 𝜏) → 𝜂)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → (𝜏 → 𝜂)))))
Theorem	exp5j 451	An exportation inference. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 7-Jul-2009.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ((((𝜓 ∧ 𝜒) ∧ 𝜃) ∧ 𝜏) → 𝜂))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → (𝜏 → 𝜂)))))
Theorem	exp5l 452	An exportation inference. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 7-Jul-2009.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (((𝜓 ∧ 𝜒) ∧ (𝜃 ∧ 𝜏)) → 𝜂))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → (𝜏 → 𝜂)))))
Theorem	exp53 453	An exportation inference. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 30-Aug-2009.)
⊢ ((((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ∧ (𝜒 ∧ 𝜃)) ∧ 𝜏) → 𝜂)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → (𝜃 → (𝜏 → 𝜂)))))
Theorem	pm3.3 454	Theorem *3.3 (Exp) of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 112. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-2005.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 24-Mar-2013.)
⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → 𝜒) → (𝜑 → (𝜓 → 𝜒)))
Theorem	pm3.31 455	Theorem *3.31 (Imp) of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 112. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-2005.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 24-Mar-2013.)
⊢ ((𝜑 → (𝜓 → 𝜒)) → ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → 𝜒))
Theorem	impexp 456	Import-export theorem. Part of Theorem *4.87 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 122. (Contributed by NM, 10-Jan-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 24-Mar-2013.)
⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → 𝜒) ↔ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → 𝜒)))
Theorem	impancom 457	Mixed importation/commutation inference. (Contributed by NM, 22-Jun-2013.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → (𝜒 → 𝜃))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜒) → (𝜓 → 𝜃))
Theorem	expdimp 458	A deduction version of exportation, followed by importation. (Contributed by NM, 6-Sep-2008.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝜓 ∧ 𝜒) → 𝜃))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → (𝜒 → 𝜃))
Theorem	expimpd 459	Exportation followed by a deduction version of importation. (Contributed by NM, 6-Sep-2008.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → (𝜒 → 𝜃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝜓 ∧ 𝜒) → 𝜃))
Theorem	impr 460	Import a wff into a right conjunct. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 30-Aug-2009.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → (𝜒 → 𝜃))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝜓 ∧ 𝜒)) → 𝜃)
Theorem	impl 461	Export a wff from a left conjunct. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝜓 ∧ 𝜒) → 𝜃))    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ∧ 𝜒) → 𝜃)
Theorem	expr 462	Export a wff from a right conjunct. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 30-Aug-2009.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝜓 ∧ 𝜒)) → 𝜃)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → (𝜒 → 𝜃))
Theorem	expl 463	Export a wff from a left conjunct. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 28-Aug-2009.)
⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ∧ 𝜒) → 𝜃)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝜓 ∧ 𝜒) → 𝜃))
Theorem	ancoms 464	Inference commuting conjunction in antecedent. (Contributed by NM, 21-Apr-1994.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → 𝜒)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜓 ∧ 𝜑) → 𝜒)
Theorem	pm3.22 465	Theorem *3.22 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 111. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-2005.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 13-Nov-2012.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → (𝜓 ∧ 𝜑))
Theorem	ancom 466	Commutative law for conjunction. Theorem *4.3 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 118. (Contributed by NM, 25-Jun-1998.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 4-Nov-2012.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ↔ (𝜓 ∧ 𝜑))
Theorem	ancomd 467	Commutation of conjuncts in consequent. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 14-Aug-2009.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 ∧ 𝜒))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜒 ∧ 𝜓))
Theorem	biancomi 468	Commuting conjunction in a biconditional. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 17-Jun-2018.)
⊢ (𝜑 ↔ (𝜒 ∧ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 ↔ (𝜓 ∧ 𝜒))
Theorem	biancomd 469	Commuting conjunction in a biconditional, deduction form. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 3-Oct-2018.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 ↔ (𝜃 ∧ 𝜒)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 ↔ (𝜒 ∧ 𝜃)))
Theorem	ancomst 470	Closed form of ancoms 464. (Contributed by Alan Sare, 31-Dec-2011.)
⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → 𝜒) ↔ ((𝜓 ∧ 𝜑) → 𝜒))
Theorem	ancomsd 471	Deduction commuting conjunction in antecedent. (Contributed by NM, 12-Dec-2004.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝜓 ∧ 𝜒) → 𝜃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝜒 ∧ 𝜓) → 𝜃))
Theorem	anasss 472	Associative law for conjunction applied to antecedent (eliminates syllogism). (Contributed by NM, 15-Nov-2002.)
⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ∧ 𝜒) → 𝜃)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝜓 ∧ 𝜒)) → 𝜃)
Theorem	anassrs 473	Associative law for conjunction applied to antecedent (eliminates syllogism). (Contributed by NM, 15-Nov-2002.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝜓 ∧ 𝜒)) → 𝜃)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ∧ 𝜒) → 𝜃)
Theorem	anass 474	Associative law for conjunction. Theorem *4.32 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 118. (Contributed by NM, 21-Jun-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 24-Nov-2012.)
⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ∧ 𝜒) ↔ (𝜑 ∧ (𝜓 ∧ 𝜒)))
Theorem	pm3.2 475	Join antecedents with conjunction ("conjunction introduction"). Theorem *3.2 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 111. Its associated inference is pm3.2i 476 and its associated deduction is jca 521 (and the double deduction is jcad 522). See pm3.2im 161 for a version using only implication and negation. (Contributed by NM, 5-Jan-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 12-Nov-2012.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜑 ∧ 𝜓)))
Theorem	pm3.2i 476	Infer conjunction of premises. Inference associated with pm3.2 475. Its associated deduction is jca 521 (and the double deduction is jcad 522). (Contributed by NM, 21-Jun-1993.)
⊢ 𝜑    &   ⊢ 𝜓    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 ∧ 𝜓)
Theorem	pm3.21 477	Join antecedents with conjunction. Theorem *3.21 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 111. (Contributed by NM, 5-Aug-1993.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜓 ∧ 𝜑)))
Theorem	pm3.43i 478	Nested conjunction of antecedents. (Contributed by NM, 4-Jan-1993.)
⊢ ((𝜑 → 𝜓) → ((𝜑 → 𝜒) → (𝜑 → (𝜓 ∧ 𝜒))))
Theorem	pm3.43 479	Theorem *3.43 (Comp) of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 113. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-2005.)
⊢ (((𝜑 → 𝜓) ∧ (𝜑 → 𝜒)) → (𝜑 → (𝜓 ∧ 𝜒)))
Theorem	dfbi2 480	A theorem similar to the standard definition of the biconditional. Definition of [Margaris] p. 49. (Contributed by NM, 24-Jan-1993.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ↔ 𝜓) ↔ ((𝜑 → 𝜓) ∧ (𝜓 → 𝜑)))
Theorem	dfbi 481	Definition df-bi 210 rewritten in an abbreviated form to help intuitive understanding of that definition. Note that it is a conjunction of two implications; one which asserts properties that follow from the biconditional and one which asserts properties that imply the biconditional. (Contributed by NM, 15-Aug-2008.)
⊢ (((𝜑 ↔ 𝜓) → ((𝜑 → 𝜓) ∧ (𝜓 → 𝜑))) ∧ (((𝜑 → 𝜓) ∧ (𝜓 → 𝜑)) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓)))
Theorem	biimpa 482	Importation inference from a logical equivalence. (Contributed by NM, 3-May-1994.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → 𝜒)
Theorem	biimpar 483	Importation inference from a logical equivalence. (Contributed by NM, 3-May-1994.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜒) → 𝜓)
Theorem	biimpac 484	Importation inference from a logical equivalence. (Contributed by NM, 3-May-1994.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜓 ∧ 𝜑) → 𝜒)
Theorem	biimparc 485	Importation inference from a logical equivalence. (Contributed by NM, 3-May-1994.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜒 ∧ 𝜑) → 𝜓)
Theorem	adantr 486	Inference adding a conjunct to the right of an antecedent. (Contributed by NM, 30-Aug-1993.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜒) → 𝜓)
Theorem	adantl 487	Inference adding a conjunct to the left of an antecedent. (Contributed by NM, 30-Aug-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 23-Nov-2012.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜒 ∧ 𝜑) → 𝜓)
Theorem	simpl 488	Elimination of a conjunct. Theorem *3.26 (Simp) of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 112. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 14-Jun-2022.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → 𝜑)
Theorem	simpli 489	Inference eliminating a conjunct. (Contributed by NM, 15-Jun-1994.)
⊢ (𝜑 ∧ 𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ 𝜑
Theorem	simpr 490	Elimination of a conjunct. Theorem *3.27 (Simp) of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 112. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 14-Jun-2022.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → 𝜓)
Theorem	simpri 491	Inference eliminating a conjunct. (Contributed by NM, 15-Jun-1994.)
⊢ (𝜑 ∧ 𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ 𝜓
Theorem	intnan 492	Introduction of conjunct inside of a contradiction. (Contributed by NM, 16-Sep-1993.)
⊢ ¬ 𝜑    ⇒   ⊢ ¬ (𝜓 ∧ 𝜑)
Theorem	intnanr 493	Introduction of conjunct inside of a contradiction. (Contributed by NM, 3-Apr-1995.)
⊢ ¬ 𝜑    ⇒   ⊢ ¬ (𝜑 ∧ 𝜓)
Theorem	intnand 494	Introduction of conjunct inside of a contradiction. (Contributed by NM, 10-Jul-2005.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ (𝜒 ∧ 𝜓))
Theorem	intnanrd 495	Introduction of conjunct inside of a contradiction. (Contributed by NM, 10-Jul-2005.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ (𝜓 ∧ 𝜒))
Theorem	adantld 496	Deduction adding a conjunct to the left of an antecedent. (Contributed by NM, 4-May-1994.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 20-Dec-2012.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → 𝜒))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝜃 ∧ 𝜓) → 𝜒))
Theorem	adantrd 497	Deduction adding a conjunct to the right of an antecedent. (Contributed by NM, 4-May-1994.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 → 𝜒))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝜓 ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜒))
Theorem	pm3.41 498	Theorem *3.41 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 113. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-2005.)
⊢ ((𝜑 → 𝜒) → ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → 𝜒))
Theorem	pm3.42 499	Theorem *3.42 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 113. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-2005.)
⊢ ((𝜓 → 𝜒) → ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → 𝜒))
Theorem	simpld 500	Deduction eliminating a conjunct. A translation of natural deduction rule ∧ EL (∧ elimination left), see natded 30791. (Contributed by NM, 26-May-1993.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 ∧ 𝜒))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝜓)