P. 247 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 24601-24700   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	nmmul 24601	The norm of a product in a normed ring. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 5-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (norm‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ NrmRing ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝑁‘(𝐴 · 𝐵)) = ((𝑁‘𝐴) · (𝑁‘𝐵)))
Theorem	nrgdsdi 24602	Distribute a distance calculation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 5-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (norm‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (dist‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ NrmRing ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)) → ((𝑁‘𝐴) · (𝐵𝐷𝐶)) = ((𝐴 · 𝐵)𝐷(𝐴 · 𝐶)))
Theorem	nrgdsdir 24603	Distribute a distance calculation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 5-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (norm‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (dist‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ NrmRing ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)) → ((𝐴𝐷𝐵) · (𝑁‘𝐶)) = ((𝐴 · 𝐶)𝐷(𝐵 · 𝐶)))
Theorem	nm1 24604	The norm of one in a nonzero normed ring. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 5-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (norm‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 1 = (1r‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ NrmRing ∧ 𝑅 ∈ NzRing) → (𝑁‘ 1 ) = 1)
Theorem	unitnmn0 24605	The norm of a unit is nonzero in a nonzero normed ring. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 5-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (norm‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = (Unit‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ NrmRing ∧ 𝑅 ∈ NzRing ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈) → (𝑁‘𝐴) ≠ 0)
Theorem	nminvr 24606	The norm of an inverse in a nonzero normed ring. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 5-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (norm‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = (Unit‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (invr‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ NrmRing ∧ 𝑅 ∈ NzRing ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈) → (𝑁‘(𝐼‘𝐴)) = (1 / (𝑁‘𝐴)))
Theorem	nmdvr 24607	The norm of a division in a nonzero normed ring. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 5-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (norm‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = (Unit‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ / = (/r‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑅 ∈ NrmRing ∧ 𝑅 ∈ NzRing) ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑈)) → (𝑁‘(𝐴 / 𝐵)) = ((𝑁‘𝐴) / (𝑁‘𝐵)))
Theorem	nrgdomn 24608	A nonzero normed ring is a domain. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝑅 ∈ NrmRing → (𝑅 ∈ Domn ↔ 𝑅 ∈ NzRing))
Theorem	nrgtgp 24609	A normed ring is a topological group. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 5-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝑅 ∈ NrmRing → 𝑅 ∈ TopGrp)
Theorem	subrgnrg 24610	A normed ring restricted to a subring is a normed ring. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝐻 = (𝐺 ↾s 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ NrmRing ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (SubRing‘𝐺)) → 𝐻 ∈ NrmRing)
Theorem	tngnrg 24611	Given any absolute value over a ring, augmenting the ring with the absolute value produces a normed ring. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑇 = (𝑅 toNrmGrp 𝐹)    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = (AbsVal‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐹 ∈ 𝐴 → 𝑇 ∈ NrmRing)
Theorem	isnlm 24612*	A normed (left) module is a module which is also a normed group over a normed ring, such that the norm distributes over scalar multiplication. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (norm‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = (norm‘𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑊 ∈ NrmMod ↔ ((𝑊 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝑊 ∈ LMod ∧ 𝐹 ∈ NrmRing) ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐾 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑉 (𝑁‘(𝑥 · 𝑦)) = ((𝐴‘𝑥) · (𝑁‘𝑦))))
Theorem	nmvs 24613	Defining property of a normed module. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (norm‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = (norm‘𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ NrmMod ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐾 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝑁‘(𝑋 · 𝑌)) = ((𝐴‘𝑋) · (𝑁‘𝑌)))
Theorem	nlmngp 24614	A normed module is a normed group. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝑊 ∈ NrmMod → 𝑊 ∈ NrmGrp)
Theorem	nlmlmod 24615	A normed module is a left module. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝑊 ∈ NrmMod → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)
Theorem	nlmnrg 24616	The scalar component of a left module is a normed ring. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑊 ∈ NrmMod → 𝐹 ∈ NrmRing)
Theorem	nlmngp2 24617	The scalar component of a left module is a normed group. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑊 ∈ NrmMod → 𝐹 ∈ NrmGrp)
Theorem	nlmdsdi 24618	Distribute a distance calculation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 6-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (dist‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = (norm‘𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ NrmMod ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐾 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑍 ∈ 𝑉)) → ((𝐴‘𝑋) · (𝑌𝐷𝑍)) = ((𝑋 · 𝑌)𝐷(𝑋 · 𝑍)))
Theorem	nlmdsdir 24619	Distribute a distance calculation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 6-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (dist‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (norm‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (dist‘𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ NrmMod ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐾 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐾 ∧ 𝑍 ∈ 𝑉)) → ((𝑋𝐸𝑌) · (𝑁‘𝑍)) = ((𝑋 · 𝑍)𝐷(𝑌 · 𝑍)))
Theorem	nlmmul0or 24620	If a scalar product is zero, one of its factors must be zero. (Contributed by NM, 6-Dec-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (0g‘𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ NrmMod ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝐾 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉) → ((𝐴 · 𝐵) = 0 ↔ (𝐴 = 𝑂 ∨ 𝐵 = 0 )))
Theorem	sranlm 24621	The subring algebra over a normed ring is a normed left module. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝐴 = ((subringAlg ‘𝑊)‘𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ NrmRing ∧ 𝑆 ∈ (SubRing‘𝑊)) → 𝐴 ∈ NrmMod)
Theorem	nlmvscnlem2 24622	Lemma for nlmvscn 24624. Compare this proof with the similar elementary proof mulcn2 15610 for continuity of multiplication on ℂ. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 5-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (dist‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (dist‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (norm‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = (norm‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = ((𝑅 / 2) / ((𝐴‘𝐵) + 1))    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = ((𝑅 / 2) / ((𝑁‘𝑋) + 𝑇))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ NrmMod)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ ℝ+)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐾)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝐾)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐵𝐸𝐶) < 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋𝐷𝑌) < 𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐵 · 𝑋)𝐷(𝐶 · 𝑌)) < 𝑅)
Theorem	nlmvscnlem1 24623*	Lemma for nlmvscn 24624. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 5-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (dist‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (dist‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (norm‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = (norm‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = ((𝑅 / 2) / ((𝐴‘𝐵) + 1))    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = ((𝑅 / 2) / ((𝑁‘𝑋) + 𝑇))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ NrmMod)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ ℝ+)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐾)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐾 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑉 (((𝐵𝐸𝑥) < 𝑟 ∧ (𝑋𝐷𝑦) < 𝑟) → ((𝐵 · 𝑋)𝐷(𝑥 · 𝑦)) < 𝑅))
Theorem	nlmvscn 24624	The scalar multiplication of a normed module is continuous. Lemma for nrgtrg 24627 and nlmtlm 24631. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·sf ‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (TopOpen‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (TopOpen‘𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑊 ∈ NrmMod → · ∈ ((𝐾 ×t 𝐽) Cn 𝐽))
Theorem	rlmnlm 24625	The ring module over a normed ring is a normed module. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝑅 ∈ NrmRing → (ringLMod‘𝑅) ∈ NrmMod)
Theorem	rlmnm 24626	The norm function in the ring module. (Contributed by AV, 9-Oct-2021.)
⊢ (norm‘𝑅) = (norm‘(ringLMod‘𝑅))
Theorem	nrgtrg 24627	A normed ring is a topological ring. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.) (Proof shortened by AV, 31-Oct-2024.)
⊢ (𝑅 ∈ NrmRing → 𝑅 ∈ TopRing)
Theorem	nrginvrcnlem 24628*	Lemma for nrginvrcn 24629. Compare this proof with reccn2 15611, the elementary proof of continuity of division. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 6-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = (Unit‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (invr‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (norm‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (dist‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ NrmRing)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ NzRing)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ+)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (if(1 ≤ ((𝑁‘𝐴) · 𝐵), 1, ((𝑁‘𝐴) · 𝐵)) · ((𝑁‘𝐴) / 2))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑈 ((𝐴𝐷𝑦) < 𝑥 → ((𝐼‘𝐴)𝐷(𝐼‘𝑦)) < 𝐵))
Theorem	nrginvrcn 24629	The ring inverse function is continuous in a normed ring. (Note that this is true even in rings which are not division rings.) (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 6-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = (Unit‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (invr‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (TopOpen‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ NrmRing → 𝐼 ∈ ((𝐽 ↾t 𝑈) Cn (𝐽 ↾t 𝑈)))
Theorem	nrgtdrg 24630	A normed division ring is a topological division ring. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 6-Oct-2015.)
⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ NrmRing ∧ 𝑅 ∈ DivRing) → 𝑅 ∈ TopDRing)
Theorem	nlmtlm 24631	A normed module is a topological module. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 6-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝑊 ∈ NrmMod → 𝑊 ∈ TopMod)
Theorem	isnvc 24632	A normed vector space is just a normed module which is algebraically a vector space. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝑊 ∈ NrmVec ↔ (𝑊 ∈ NrmMod ∧ 𝑊 ∈ LVec))
Theorem	nvcnlm 24633	A normed vector space is a normed module. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝑊 ∈ NrmVec → 𝑊 ∈ NrmMod)
Theorem	nvclvec 24634	A normed vector space is a left vector space. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝑊 ∈ NrmVec → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)
Theorem	nvclmod 24635	A normed vector space is a left module. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝑊 ∈ NrmVec → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)
Theorem	isnvc2 24636	A normed vector space is just a normed module whose scalar ring is a division ring. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑊 ∈ NrmVec ↔ (𝑊 ∈ NrmMod ∧ 𝐹 ∈ DivRing))
Theorem	nvctvc 24637	A normed vector space is a topological vector space. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝑊 ∈ NrmVec → 𝑊 ∈ TopVec)
Theorem	lssnlm 24638	A subspace of a normed module is a normed module. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑋 = (𝑊 ↾s 𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (LSubSp‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ NrmMod ∧ 𝑈 ∈ 𝑆) → 𝑋 ∈ NrmMod)
Theorem	lssnvc 24639	A subspace of a normed vector space is a normed vector space. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑋 = (𝑊 ↾s 𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (LSubSp‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ NrmVec ∧ 𝑈 ∈ 𝑆) → 𝑋 ∈ NrmVec)
Theorem	rlmnvc 24640	The ring module over a normed division ring is a normed vector space. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ NrmRing ∧ 𝑅 ∈ DivRing) → (ringLMod‘𝑅) ∈ NrmVec)
Theorem	ngpocelbl 24641	Membership of an off-center vector in a ball in a normed module. (Contributed by NM, 27-Dec-2007.) (Revised by AV, 14-Oct-2021.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (norm‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = ((dist‘𝐺) ↾ (𝑋 × 𝑋))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ NrmMod ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ* ∧ (𝑃 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋)) → ((𝑃 + 𝐴) ∈ (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ↔ (𝑁‘𝐴) < 𝑅))
12.4.9  Normed space homomorphisms (bounded linear operators)
Syntax	cnmo 24642	The operator norm function.
class normOp
Syntax	cnghm 24643	The class of normed group homomorphisms.
class NGHom
Syntax	cnmhm 24644	The class of normed module homomorphisms.
class NMHom
Definition	df-nmo 24645*	Define the norm of an operator between two normed groups (usually vector spaces). This definition produces an operator norm function for each pair of groups ⟨𝑠, 𝑡⟩. Equivalent to the definition of linear operator norm in [AkhiezerGlazman] p. 39. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.) (Revised by AV, 25-Sep-2020.)
⊢ normOp = (𝑠 ∈ NrmGrp, 𝑡 ∈ NrmGrp ↦ (𝑓 ∈ (𝑠 GrpHom 𝑡) ↦ inf({𝑟 ∈ (0[,)+∞) ∣ ∀𝑥 ∈ (Base‘𝑠)((norm‘𝑡)‘(𝑓‘𝑥)) ≤ (𝑟 · ((norm‘𝑠)‘𝑥))}, ℝ*, < )))
Definition	df-nghm 24646*	Define the set of normed group homomorphisms between two normed groups. A normed group homomorphism is a group homomorphism which additionally bounds the increase of norm by a fixed real operator. In vector spaces these are also known as bounded linear operators. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ NGHom = (𝑠 ∈ NrmGrp, 𝑡 ∈ NrmGrp ↦ (◡(𝑠 normOp 𝑡) “ ℝ))
Definition	df-nmhm 24647*	Define a normed module homomorphism, also known as a bounded linear operator. This is a module homomorphism (a linear function) such that the operator norm is finite, or equivalently there is a constant 𝑐 such that... (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ NMHom = (𝑠 ∈ NrmMod, 𝑡 ∈ NrmMod ↦ ((𝑠 LMHom 𝑡) ∩ (𝑠 NGHom 𝑡)))
Theorem	nmoffn 24648	The function producing operator norm functions is a function on normed groups. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.) (Proof shortened by AV, 26-Sep-2020.)
⊢ normOp Fn (NrmGrp × NrmGrp)
Theorem	reldmnghm 24649	Lemma for normed group homomorphisms. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ Rel dom NGHom
Theorem	reldmnmhm 24650	Lemma for module homomorphisms. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ Rel dom NMHom
Theorem	nmofval 24651*	Value of the operator norm. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.) (Revised by AV, 26-Sep-2020.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (norm‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (norm‘𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑆 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝑇 ∈ NrmGrp) → 𝑁 = (𝑓 ∈ (𝑆 GrpHom 𝑇) ↦ inf({𝑟 ∈ (0[,)+∞) ∣ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 (𝑀‘(𝑓‘𝑥)) ≤ (𝑟 · (𝐿‘𝑥))}, ℝ*, < )))
Theorem	nmoval 24652*	Value of the operator norm. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.) (Revised by AV, 26-Sep-2020.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (norm‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (norm‘𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑆 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝑇 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 GrpHom 𝑇)) → (𝑁‘𝐹) = inf({𝑟 ∈ (0[,)+∞) ∣ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 (𝑀‘(𝐹‘𝑥)) ≤ (𝑟 · (𝐿‘𝑥))}, ℝ*, < ))
Theorem	nmogelb 24653*	Property of the operator norm. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.) (Proof shortened by AV, 26-Sep-2020.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (norm‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (norm‘𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑆 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝑇 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 GrpHom 𝑇)) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℝ*) → (𝐴 ≤ (𝑁‘𝐹) ↔ ∀𝑟 ∈ (0[,)+∞)(∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 (𝑀‘(𝐹‘𝑥)) ≤ (𝑟 · (𝐿‘𝑥)) → 𝐴 ≤ 𝑟)))
Theorem	nmolb 24654*	Any upper bound on the values of a linear operator translates to an upper bound on the operator norm. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.) (Proof shortened by AV, 26-Sep-2020.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (norm‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (norm‘𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑆 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝑇 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 GrpHom 𝑇)) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℝ ∧ 0 ≤ 𝐴) → (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 (𝑀‘(𝐹‘𝑥)) ≤ (𝐴 · (𝐿‘𝑥)) → (𝑁‘𝐹) ≤ 𝐴))
Theorem	nmolb2d 24655*	Any upper bound on the values of a linear operator at nonzero vectors translates to an upper bound on the operator norm. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (norm‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (norm‘𝑇)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ NrmGrp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 ∈ NrmGrp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 GrpHom 𝑇))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑥 ≠ 0 )) → (𝑀‘(𝐹‘𝑥)) ≤ (𝐴 · (𝐿‘𝑥)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑁‘𝐹) ≤ 𝐴)
Theorem	nmof 24656	The operator norm is a function into the extended reals. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.) (Proof shortened by AV, 26-Sep-2020.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑆 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝑇 ∈ NrmGrp) → 𝑁:(𝑆 GrpHom 𝑇)⟶ℝ*)
Theorem	nmocl 24657	The operator norm of an operator is an extended real. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑆 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝑇 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 GrpHom 𝑇)) → (𝑁‘𝐹) ∈ ℝ*)
Theorem	nmoge0 24658	The operator norm of an operator is nonnegative. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑆 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝑇 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 GrpHom 𝑇)) → 0 ≤ (𝑁‘𝐹))
Theorem	nghmfval 24659	A normed group homomorphism is a group homomorphism with bounded norm. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑇) = (◡𝑁 “ ℝ)
Theorem	isnghm 24660	A normed group homomorphism is a group homomorphism with bounded norm. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑇) ↔ ((𝑆 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝑇 ∈ NrmGrp) ∧ (𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 GrpHom 𝑇) ∧ (𝑁‘𝐹) ∈ ℝ)))
Theorem	isnghm2 24661	A normed group homomorphism is a group homomorphism with bounded norm. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑆 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝑇 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 GrpHom 𝑇)) → (𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑇) ↔ (𝑁‘𝐹) ∈ ℝ))
Theorem	isnghm3 24662	A normed group homomorphism is a group homomorphism with bounded norm. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑆 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝑇 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 GrpHom 𝑇)) → (𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑇) ↔ (𝑁‘𝐹) < +∞))
Theorem	bddnghm 24663	A bounded group homomorphism is a normed group homomorphism. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑆 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝑇 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 GrpHom 𝑇)) ∧ (𝐴 ∈ ℝ ∧ (𝑁‘𝐹) ≤ 𝐴)) → 𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑇))
Theorem	nghmcl 24664	A normed group homomorphism has a real operator norm. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑇) → (𝑁‘𝐹) ∈ ℝ)
Theorem	nmoi 24665	The operator norm achieves the minimum of the set of upper bounds, if the operator is bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (norm‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (norm‘𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑇) ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝑀‘(𝐹‘𝑋)) ≤ ((𝑁‘𝐹) · (𝐿‘𝑋)))
Theorem	nmoix 24666	The operator norm is a bound on the size of an operator, even when it is infinite (using extended real multiplication). (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (norm‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (norm‘𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑆 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝑇 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 GrpHom 𝑇)) ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝑀‘(𝐹‘𝑋)) ≤ ((𝑁‘𝐹) ·e (𝐿‘𝑋)))
Theorem	nmoi2 24667	The operator norm is a bound on the growth of a vector under the action of the operator. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 19-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (norm‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (norm‘𝑇)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑆 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝑇 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 GrpHom 𝑇)) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑋 ≠ 0 )) → ((𝑀‘(𝐹‘𝑋)) / (𝐿‘𝑋)) ≤ (𝑁‘𝐹))
Theorem	nmoleub 24668*	The operator norm, defined as an infimum of upper bounds, can also be defined as a supremum of norms of 𝐹(𝑥) away from zero. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (norm‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (norm‘𝑇)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ NrmGrp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 ∈ NrmGrp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 GrpHom 𝑇))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ*)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑁‘𝐹) ≤ 𝐴 ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 (𝑥 ≠ 0 → ((𝑀‘(𝐹‘𝑥)) / (𝐿‘𝑥)) ≤ 𝐴)))
Theorem	nghmrcl1 24669	Reverse closure for a normed group homomorphism. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑇) → 𝑆 ∈ NrmGrp)
Theorem	nghmrcl2 24670	Reverse closure for a normed group homomorphism. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑇) → 𝑇 ∈ NrmGrp)
Theorem	nghmghm 24671	A normed group homomorphism is a group homomorphism. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑇) → 𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 GrpHom 𝑇))
Theorem	nmo0 24672	The operator norm of the zero operator. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑆 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝑇 ∈ NrmGrp) → (𝑁‘(𝑉 × { 0 })) = 0)
Theorem	nmoeq0 24673	The operator norm is zero only for the zero operator. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑆 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝑇 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 GrpHom 𝑇)) → ((𝑁‘𝐹) = 0 ↔ 𝐹 = (𝑉 × { 0 })))
Theorem	nmoco 24674	An upper bound on the operator norm of a composition. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (𝑇 normOp 𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (𝑇 NGHom 𝑈) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑇)) → (𝑁‘(𝐹 ∘ 𝐺)) ≤ ((𝐿‘𝐹) · (𝑀‘𝐺)))
Theorem	nghmco 24675	The composition of normed group homomorphisms is a normed group homomorphism. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Oct-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (𝑇 NGHom 𝑈) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑇)) → (𝐹 ∘ 𝐺) ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑈))
Theorem	nmotri 24676	Triangle inequality for the operator norm. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑇 ∈ Abel ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑇) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑇)) → (𝑁‘(𝐹 ∘f + 𝐺)) ≤ ((𝑁‘𝐹) + (𝑁‘𝐺)))
Theorem	nghmplusg 24677	The sum of two bounded linear operators is bounded linear. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Oct-2015.)
⊢ + = (+g‘𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑇 ∈ Abel ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑇) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑇)) → (𝐹 ∘f + 𝐺) ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑇))
Theorem	0nghm 24678	The zero operator is a normed group homomorphism. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑆 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ 𝑇 ∈ NrmGrp) → (𝑉 × { 0 }) ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑇))
Theorem	nmoid 24679	The operator norm of the identity function on a nontrivial group. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑆 ∈ NrmGrp ∧ { 0 } ⊊ 𝑉) → (𝑁‘( I ↾ 𝑉)) = 1)
Theorem	idnghm 24680	The identity operator is a normed group homomorphism. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑆 ∈ NrmGrp → ( I ↾ 𝑉) ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑆))
Theorem	nmods 24681	Upper bound for the distance between the values of a bounded linear operator. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 22-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (dist‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (dist‘𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑇) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉) → ((𝐹‘𝐴)𝐷(𝐹‘𝐵)) ≤ ((𝑁‘𝐹) · (𝐴𝐶𝐵)))
Theorem	nghmcn 24682	A normed group homomorphism is a continuous function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (TopOpen‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (TopOpen‘𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑇) → 𝐹 ∈ (𝐽 Cn 𝐾))
Theorem	isnmhm 24683	A normed module homomorphism is a left module homomorphism which is also a normed group homomorphism. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NMHom 𝑇) ↔ ((𝑆 ∈ NrmMod ∧ 𝑇 ∈ NrmMod) ∧ (𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 LMHom 𝑇) ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑇))))
Theorem	nmhmrcl1 24684	Reverse closure for a normed module homomorphism. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NMHom 𝑇) → 𝑆 ∈ NrmMod)
Theorem	nmhmrcl2 24685	Reverse closure for a normed module homomorphism. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NMHom 𝑇) → 𝑇 ∈ NrmMod)
Theorem	nmhmlmhm 24686	A normed module homomorphism is a left module homomorphism (a linear operator). (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NMHom 𝑇) → 𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 LMHom 𝑇))
Theorem	nmhmnghm 24687	A normed module homomorphism is a normed group homomorphism. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NMHom 𝑇) → 𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NGHom 𝑇))
Theorem	nmhmghm 24688	A normed module homomorphism is a group homomorphism. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NMHom 𝑇) → 𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 GrpHom 𝑇))
Theorem	isnmhm2 24689	A normed module homomorphism is a left module homomorphism with bounded norm (a bounded linear operator). (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑆 ∈ NrmMod ∧ 𝑇 ∈ NrmMod ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 LMHom 𝑇)) → (𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NMHom 𝑇) ↔ (𝑁‘𝐹) ∈ ℝ))
Theorem	nmhmcl 24690	A normed module homomorphism has a real operator norm. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑆 normOp 𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NMHom 𝑇) → (𝑁‘𝐹) ∈ ℝ)
Theorem	idnmhm 24691	The identity operator is a bounded linear operator. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑆 ∈ NrmMod → ( I ↾ 𝑉) ∈ (𝑆 NMHom 𝑆))
Theorem	0nmhm 24692	The zero operator is a bounded linear operator. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝑇)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (Scalar‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (Scalar‘𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑆 ∈ NrmMod ∧ 𝑇 ∈ NrmMod ∧ 𝐹 = 𝐺) → (𝑉 × { 0 }) ∈ (𝑆 NMHom 𝑇))
Theorem	nmhmco 24693	The composition of bounded linear operators is a bounded linear operator. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Oct-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (𝑇 NMHom 𝑈) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (𝑆 NMHom 𝑇)) → (𝐹 ∘ 𝐺) ∈ (𝑆 NMHom 𝑈))
Theorem	nmhmplusg 24694	The sum of two bounded linear operators is bounded linear. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Oct-2015.)
⊢ + = (+g‘𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 NMHom 𝑇) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (𝑆 NMHom 𝑇)) → (𝐹 ∘f + 𝐺) ∈ (𝑆 NMHom 𝑇))
12.4.10  Topology on the reals
Theorem	qtopbaslem 24695	The set of open intervals with endpoints in a subset forms a basis for a topology. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 17-Jun-2014.)
⊢ 𝑆 ⊆ ℝ*    ⇒   ⊢ ((,) “ (𝑆 × 𝑆)) ∈ TopBases
Theorem	qtopbas 24696	The set of open intervals with rational endpoints forms a basis for a topology. (Contributed by NM, 8-Mar-2007.)
⊢ ((,) “ (ℚ × ℚ)) ∈ TopBases
Theorem	retopbas 24697	A basis for the standard topology on the reals. (Contributed by NM, 6-Feb-2007.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 17-Jun-2014.)
⊢ ran (,) ∈ TopBases
Theorem	retop 24698	The standard topology on the reals. (Contributed by FL, 4-Jun-2007.)
⊢ (topGen‘ran (,)) ∈ Top
Theorem	uniretop 24699	The underlying set of the standard topology on the reals is the reals. (Contributed by FL, 4-Jun-2007.)
⊢ ℝ = ∪ (topGen‘ran (,))
Theorem	retopon 24700	The standard topology on the reals is a topology on the reals. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (topGen‘ran (,)) ∈ (TopOn‘ℝ)