P. 190 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 18901-19000   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	grplid 18901	The identity element of a group is a left identity. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-2011.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → ( 0 + 𝑋) = 𝑋)
Theorem	grprid 18902	The identity element of a group is a right identity. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-2011.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑋 + 0 ) = 𝑋)
Theorem	grplidd 18903	The identity element of a group is a left identity. Deduction associated with grplid 18901. (Contributed by SN, 29-Jan-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ( 0 + 𝑋) = 𝑋)
Theorem	grpridd 18904	The identity element of a group is a right identity. Deduction associated with grprid 18902. (Contributed by SN, 29-Jan-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 + 0 ) = 𝑋)
Theorem	grpn0 18905	A group is not empty. (Contributed by Szymon Jaroszewicz, 3-Apr-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 2-Dec-2014.)
⊢ (𝐺 ∈ Grp → 𝐺 ≠ ∅)
Theorem	hashfingrpnn 18906	A finite group has positive integer size. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (♯‘𝐵) ∈ ℕ)
Theorem	grprcan 18907	Right cancellation law for groups. (Contributed by NM, 24-Aug-2011.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 6-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑍 ∈ 𝐵)) → ((𝑋 + 𝑍) = (𝑌 + 𝑍) ↔ 𝑋 = 𝑌))
Theorem	grpinveu 18908*	The left inverse element of a group is unique. Lemma 2.2.1(b) of [Herstein] p. 55. (Contributed by NM, 24-Aug-2011.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → ∃!𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑦 + 𝑋) = 0 )
Theorem	grpid 18909	Two ways of saying that an element of a group is the identity element. Provides a convenient way to compute the value of the identity element. (Contributed by NM, 24-Aug-2011.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → ((𝑋 + 𝑋) = 𝑋 ↔ 0 = 𝑋))
Theorem	isgrpid2 18910	Properties showing that an element 𝑍 is the identity element of a group. (Contributed by NM, 7-Aug-2013.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐺 ∈ Grp → ((𝑍 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ (𝑍 + 𝑍) = 𝑍) ↔ 0 = 𝑍))
Theorem	grpidd2 18911*	Deduce the identity element of a group from its properties. Useful in conjunction with isgrpd 18892. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 14-Jun-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → + = (+g‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵) → ( 0 + 𝑥) = 𝑥)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 = (0g‘𝐺))
Theorem	grpinvfval 18912*	The inverse function of a group. For a shorter proof using ax-rep 5225, see grpinvfvalALT 18913. (Contributed by NM, 24-Aug-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 7-Aug-2013.) Remove dependency on ax-rep 5225. (Revised by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ (℩𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑦 + 𝑥) = 0 ))
Theorem	grpinvfvalALT 18913*	Shorter proof of grpinvfval 18912 using ax-rep 5225. (Contributed by NM, 24-Aug-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 7-Aug-2013.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ (℩𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑦 + 𝑥) = 0 ))
Theorem	grpinvval 18914*	The inverse of a group element. (Contributed by NM, 24-Aug-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 7-Aug-2013.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 → (𝑁‘𝑋) = (℩𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑦 + 𝑋) = 0 ))
Theorem	grpinvfn 18915	Functionality of the group inverse function. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 21-Mar-2015.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑁 Fn 𝐵
Theorem	grpinvfvi 18916	The group inverse function is compatible with identity-function protection. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 21-Mar-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘( I ‘𝐺))
Theorem	grpsubfval 18917*	Group subtraction (division) operation. For a shorter proof using ax-rep 5225, see grpsubfvalALT 18918. (Contributed by NM, 31-Mar-2014.) (Revised by Stefan O'Rear, 27-Mar-2015.) Remove dependency on ax-rep 5225. (Revised by Rohan Ridenour, 17-Aug-2023.) (Proof shortened by AV, 19-Feb-2024.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (invg‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ − = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ (𝑥 + (𝐼‘𝑦)))
Theorem	grpsubfvalALT 18918*	Shorter proof of grpsubfval 18917 using ax-rep 5225. (Contributed by NM, 31-Mar-2014.) (Revised by Stefan O'Rear, 27-Mar-2015.) (Proof shortened by AV, 19-Feb-2024.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (invg‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ − = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ (𝑥 + (𝐼‘𝑦)))
Theorem	grpsubval 18919	Group subtraction (division) operation. (Contributed by NM, 31-Mar-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 13-Dec-2014.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (invg‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑋 − 𝑌) = (𝑋 + (𝐼‘𝑌)))
Theorem	grpinvf 18920	The group inversion operation is a function on the base set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-May-2015.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐺 ∈ Grp → 𝑁:𝐵⟶𝐵)
Theorem	grpinvcl 18921	A group element's inverse is a group element. (Contributed by NM, 24-Aug-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 4-May-2015.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑁‘𝑋) ∈ 𝐵)
Theorem	grpinvcld 18922	A group element's inverse is a group element. (Contributed by SN, 29-Jan-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑁‘𝑋) ∈ 𝐵)
Theorem	grplinv 18923	The left inverse of a group element. (Contributed by NM, 24-Aug-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 6-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → ((𝑁‘𝑋) + 𝑋) = 0 )
Theorem	grprinv 18924	The right inverse of a group element. (Contributed by NM, 24-Aug-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 6-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑋 + (𝑁‘𝑋)) = 0 )
Theorem	grpinvid1 18925	The inverse of a group element expressed in terms of the identity element. (Contributed by NM, 24-Aug-2011.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵) → ((𝑁‘𝑋) = 𝑌 ↔ (𝑋 + 𝑌) = 0 ))
Theorem	grpinvid2 18926	The inverse of a group element expressed in terms of the identity element. (Contributed by NM, 24-Aug-2011.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵) → ((𝑁‘𝑋) = 𝑌 ↔ (𝑌 + 𝑋) = 0 ))
Theorem	isgrpinv 18927*	Properties showing that a function 𝑀 is the inverse function of a group. (Contributed by NM, 7-Aug-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 2-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐺 ∈ Grp → ((𝑀:𝐵⟶𝐵 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ((𝑀‘𝑥) + 𝑥) = 0 ) ↔ 𝑁 = 𝑀))
Theorem	grplinvd 18928	The left inverse of a group element. Deduction associated with grplinv 18923. (Contributed by SN, 29-Jan-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑁‘𝑋) + 𝑋) = 0 )
Theorem	grprinvd 18929	The right inverse of a group element. Deduction associated with grprinv 18924. (Contributed by SN, 29-Jan-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 + (𝑁‘𝑋)) = 0 )
Theorem	grplrinv 18930*	In a group, every member has a left and right inverse. (Contributed by AV, 1-Sep-2021.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐺 ∈ Grp → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ((𝑦 + 𝑥) = 0 ∧ (𝑥 + 𝑦) = 0 ))
Theorem	grpidinv2 18931*	A group's properties using the explicit identity element. (Contributed by NM, 5-Feb-2010.) (Revised by AV, 1-Sep-2021.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝐵) → ((( 0 + 𝐴) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝐴 + 0 ) = 𝐴) ∧ ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ((𝑦 + 𝐴) = 0 ∧ (𝐴 + 𝑦) = 0 )))
Theorem	grpidinv 18932*	A group has a left and right identity element, and every member has a left and right inverse. (Contributed by NM, 14-Oct-2006.) (Revised by AV, 1-Sep-2021.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐺 ∈ Grp → ∃𝑢 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 (((𝑢 + 𝑥) = 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 + 𝑢) = 𝑥) ∧ ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ((𝑦 + 𝑥) = 𝑢 ∧ (𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑢)))
Theorem	grpinvid 18933	The inverse of the identity element of a group. (Contributed by NM, 24-Aug-2011.)
⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐺 ∈ Grp → (𝑁‘ 0 ) = 0 )
Theorem	grplcan 18934	Left cancellation law for groups. (Contributed by NM, 25-Aug-2011.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑍 ∈ 𝐵)) → ((𝑍 + 𝑋) = (𝑍 + 𝑌) ↔ 𝑋 = 𝑌))
Theorem	grpasscan1 18935	An associative cancellation law for groups. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 25-Feb-2008.) (Revised by AV, 30-Aug-2021.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑋 + ((𝑁‘𝑋) + 𝑌)) = 𝑌)
Theorem	grpasscan2 18936	An associative cancellation law for groups. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 17-Apr-2009.) (Revised by AV, 30-Aug-2021.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵) → ((𝑋 + (𝑁‘𝑌)) + 𝑌) = 𝑋)
Theorem	grpidrcan 18937	If right adding an element of a group to an arbitrary element of the group results in this element, the added element is the identity element and vice versa. (Contributed by AV, 15-Mar-2019.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑍 ∈ 𝐵) → ((𝑋 + 𝑍) = 𝑋 ↔ 𝑍 = 0 ))
Theorem	grpidlcan 18938	If left adding an element of a group to an arbitrary element of the group results in this element, the added element is the identity element and vice versa. (Contributed by AV, 15-Mar-2019.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑍 ∈ 𝐵) → ((𝑍 + 𝑋) = 𝑋 ↔ 𝑍 = 0 ))
Theorem	grpinvinv 18939	Double inverse law for groups. Lemma 2.2.1(c) of [Herstein] p. 55. (Contributed by NM, 31-Mar-2014.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑁‘(𝑁‘𝑋)) = 𝑋)
Theorem	grpinvcnv 18940	The group inverse is its own inverse function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 14-Aug-2015.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐺 ∈ Grp → ◡𝑁 = 𝑁)
Theorem	grpinv11 18941	The group inverse is one-to-one. (Contributed by NM, 22-Mar-2015.) (Proof shortened by SN, 8-Jul-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑁‘𝑋) = (𝑁‘𝑌) ↔ 𝑋 = 𝑌))
Theorem	grpinv11OLD 18942	Obsolete version of grpinv11 18941 as of 8-Jul-2025. (Contributed by NM, 22-Mar-2015.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑁‘𝑋) = (𝑁‘𝑌) ↔ 𝑋 = 𝑌))
Theorem	grpinvf1o 18943	The group inverse is a one-to-one onto function. (Contributed by NM, 22-Oct-2014.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 14-Aug-2015.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁:𝐵–1-1-onto→𝐵)
Theorem	grpinvnz 18944	The inverse of a nonzero group element is not zero. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 27-Feb-2015.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑋 ≠ 0 ) → (𝑁‘𝑋) ≠ 0 )
Theorem	grpinvnzcl 18945	The inverse of a nonzero group element is a nonzero group element. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 27-Feb-2015.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ (𝐵 ∖ { 0 })) → (𝑁‘𝑋) ∈ (𝐵 ∖ { 0 }))
Theorem	grpsubinv 18946	Subtraction of an inverse. (Contributed by NM, 7-Apr-2015.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 − (𝑁‘𝑌)) = (𝑋 + 𝑌))
Theorem	grplmulf1o 18947*	Left multiplication by a group element is a bijection on any group. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 17-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ (𝑋 + 𝑥))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → 𝐹:𝐵–1-1-onto→𝐵)
Theorem	grpraddf1o 18948*	Right addition by a group element is a bijection on any group. (Contributed by SN, 28-Apr-2012.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ (𝑥 + 𝑋))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → 𝐹:𝐵–1-1-onto→𝐵)
Theorem	grpinvpropd 18949*	If two structures have the same group components (properties), they have the same group inversion function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Nov-2014.) (Revised by Stefan O'Rear, 21-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐾))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐿))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵)) → (𝑥(+g‘𝐾)𝑦) = (𝑥(+g‘𝐿)𝑦))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (invg‘𝐾) = (invg‘𝐿))
Theorem	grpidssd 18950*	If the base set of a group is contained in the base set of another group, and the group operation of the group is the restriction of the group operation of the other group to its base set, then both groups have the same identity element. (Contributed by AV, 15-Mar-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ⊆ (Base‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑥(+g‘𝑀)𝑦) = (𝑥(+g‘𝑆)𝑦))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (0g‘𝑀) = (0g‘𝑆))
Theorem	grpinvssd 18951*	If the base set of a group is contained in the base set of another group, and the group operation of the group is the restriction of the group operation of the other group to its base set, then the elements of the first group have the same inverses in both groups. (Contributed by AV, 15-Mar-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ⊆ (Base‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑥(+g‘𝑀)𝑦) = (𝑥(+g‘𝑆)𝑦))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 → ((invg‘𝑆)‘𝑋) = ((invg‘𝑀)‘𝑋)))
Theorem	grpinvadd 18952	The inverse of the group operation reverses the arguments. Lemma 2.2.1(d) of [Herstein] p. 55. (Contributed by NM, 27-Oct-2006.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑁‘(𝑋 + 𝑌)) = ((𝑁‘𝑌) + (𝑁‘𝑋)))
Theorem	grpsubf 18953	Functionality of group subtraction. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Sep-2014.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐺 ∈ Grp → − :(𝐵 × 𝐵)⟶𝐵)
Theorem	grpsubcl 18954	Closure of group subtraction. (Contributed by NM, 31-Mar-2014.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑋 − 𝑌) ∈ 𝐵)
Theorem	grpsubrcan 18955	Right cancellation law for group subtraction. (Contributed by NM, 31-Mar-2014.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑍 ∈ 𝐵)) → ((𝑋 − 𝑍) = (𝑌 − 𝑍) ↔ 𝑋 = 𝑌))
Theorem	grpinvsub 18956	Inverse of a group subtraction. (Contributed by NM, 9-Sep-2014.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑁‘(𝑋 − 𝑌)) = (𝑌 − 𝑋))
Theorem	grpinvval2 18957	A df-neg 11371-like equation for inverse in terms of group subtraction. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑁‘𝑋) = ( 0 − 𝑋))
Theorem	grpsubid 18958	Subtraction of a group element from itself. (Contributed by NM, 31-Mar-2014.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑋 − 𝑋) = 0 )
Theorem	grpsubid1 18959	Subtraction of the identity from a group element. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 14-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑋 − 0 ) = 𝑋)
Theorem	grpsubeq0 18960	If the difference between two group elements is zero, they are equal. (subeq0 11411 analog.) (Contributed by NM, 31-Mar-2014.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵) → ((𝑋 − 𝑌) = 0 ↔ 𝑋 = 𝑌))
Theorem	grpsubadd0sub 18961	Subtraction expressed as addition of the difference of the identity element and the subtrahend. (Contributed by AV, 9-Nov-2019.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑋 − 𝑌) = (𝑋 + ( 0 − 𝑌)))
Theorem	grpsubadd 18962	Relationship between group subtraction and addition. (Contributed by NM, 31-Mar-2014.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑍 ∈ 𝐵)) → ((𝑋 − 𝑌) = 𝑍 ↔ (𝑍 + 𝑌) = 𝑋))
Theorem	grpsubsub 18963	Double group subtraction. (Contributed by NM, 24-Feb-2008.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 2-Dec-2014.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑍 ∈ 𝐵)) → (𝑋 − (𝑌 − 𝑍)) = (𝑋 + (𝑍 − 𝑌)))
Theorem	grpaddsubass 18964	Associative-type law for group subtraction and addition. (Contributed by NM, 16-Apr-2014.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑍 ∈ 𝐵)) → ((𝑋 + 𝑌) − 𝑍) = (𝑋 + (𝑌 − 𝑍)))
Theorem	grppncan 18965	Cancellation law for subtraction (pncan 11390 analog). (Contributed by NM, 16-Apr-2014.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵) → ((𝑋 + 𝑌) − 𝑌) = 𝑋)
Theorem	grpnpcan 18966	Cancellation law for subtraction (npcan 11393 analog). (Contributed by NM, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵) → ((𝑋 − 𝑌) + 𝑌) = 𝑋)
Theorem	grpsubsub4 18967	Double group subtraction (subsub4 11418 analog). (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Dec-2014.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑍 ∈ 𝐵)) → ((𝑋 − 𝑌) − 𝑍) = (𝑋 − (𝑍 + 𝑌)))
Theorem	grppnpcan2 18968	Cancellation law for mixed addition and subtraction. (pnpcan2 11425 analog.) (Contributed by NM, 15-Feb-2008.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 2-Dec-2014.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑍 ∈ 𝐵)) → ((𝑋 + 𝑍) − (𝑌 + 𝑍)) = (𝑋 − 𝑌))
Theorem	grpnpncan 18969	Cancellation law for group subtraction. (npncan 11406 analog.) (Contributed by NM, 15-Feb-2008.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 2-Dec-2014.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑍 ∈ 𝐵)) → ((𝑋 − 𝑌) + (𝑌 − 𝑍)) = (𝑋 − 𝑍))
Theorem	grpnpncan0 18970	Cancellation law for group subtraction (npncan2 11412 analog). (Contributed by AV, 24-Nov-2019.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵)) → ((𝑋 − 𝑌) + (𝑌 − 𝑋)) = 0 )
Theorem	grpnnncan2 18971	Cancellation law for group subtraction. (nnncan2 11422 analog.) (Contributed by NM, 15-Feb-2008.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 2-Dec-2014.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑍 ∈ 𝐵)) → ((𝑋 − 𝑍) − (𝑌 − 𝑍)) = (𝑋 − 𝑌))
Theorem	dfgrp3lem 18972*	Lemma for dfgrp3 18973. (Contributed by AV, 28-Aug-2021.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Smgrp ∧ 𝐵 ≠ ∅ ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (∃𝑙 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑙 + 𝑥) = 𝑦 ∧ ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑥 + 𝑟) = 𝑦)) → ∃𝑢 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑎 ∈ 𝐵 ((𝑢 + 𝑎) = 𝑎 ∧ ∃𝑖 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑖 + 𝑎) = 𝑢))
Theorem	dfgrp3 18973*	Alternate definition of a group as semigroup (with at least one element) which is also a quasigroup, i.e. a magma in which solutions 𝑥 and 𝑦 of the equations (𝑎 + 𝑥) = 𝑏 and (𝑥 + 𝑎) = 𝑏 exist. Theorem 3.2 of [Bruck] p. 28. (Contributed by AV, 28-Aug-2021.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐺 ∈ Grp ↔ (𝐺 ∈ Smgrp ∧ 𝐵 ≠ ∅ ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (∃𝑙 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑙 + 𝑥) = 𝑦 ∧ ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑥 + 𝑟) = 𝑦)))
Theorem	dfgrp3e 18974*	Alternate definition of a group as a set with a closed, associative operation, for which solutions 𝑥 and 𝑦 of the equations (𝑎 + 𝑥) = 𝑏 and (𝑥 + 𝑎) = 𝑏 exist. Exercise 1 of [Herstein] p. 57. (Contributed by NM, 5-Dec-2006.) (Revised by AV, 28-Aug-2021.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐺 ∈ Grp ↔ (𝐵 ≠ ∅ ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ((𝑥 + 𝑦) ∈ 𝐵 ∧ ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 ((𝑥 + 𝑦) + 𝑧) = (𝑥 + (𝑦 + 𝑧)) ∧ (∃𝑙 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑙 + 𝑥) = 𝑦 ∧ ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑥 + 𝑟) = 𝑦))))
Theorem	grplactfval 18975*	The left group action of element 𝐴 of group 𝐺. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 18-Mar-2008.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑔 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ (𝑎 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ (𝑔 + 𝑎)))    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 → (𝐹‘𝐴) = (𝑎 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ (𝐴 + 𝑎)))
Theorem	grplactval 18976*	The value of the left group action of element 𝐴 of group 𝐺 at 𝐵. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 18-Mar-2008.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑔 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ (𝑎 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ (𝑔 + 𝑎)))    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋) → ((𝐹‘𝐴)‘𝐵) = (𝐴 + 𝐵))
Theorem	grplactcnv 18977*	The left group action of element 𝐴 of group 𝐺 maps the underlying set 𝑋 of 𝐺 one-to-one onto itself. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 18-Mar-2008.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 14-Aug-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑔 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ (𝑎 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ (𝑔 + 𝑎)))    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (invg‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋) → ((𝐹‘𝐴):𝑋–1-1-onto→𝑋 ∧ ◡(𝐹‘𝐴) = (𝐹‘(𝐼‘𝐴))))
Theorem	grplactf1o 18978*	The left group action of element 𝐴 of group 𝐺 maps the underlying set 𝑋 of 𝐺 one-to-one onto itself. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 18-Mar-2008.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 14-Aug-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑔 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ (𝑎 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ (𝑔 + 𝑎)))    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐹‘𝐴):𝑋–1-1-onto→𝑋)
Theorem	grpsubpropd 18979	Weak property deduction for the group subtraction operation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (Base‘𝐺) = (Base‘𝐻))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (+g‘𝐺) = (+g‘𝐻))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (-g‘𝐺) = (-g‘𝐻))
Theorem	grpsubpropd2 18980*	Strong property deduction for the group subtraction operation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Oct-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐻))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵)) → (𝑥(+g‘𝐺)𝑦) = (𝑥(+g‘𝐻)𝑦))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (-g‘𝐺) = (-g‘𝐻))
Theorem	grp1 18981	The (smallest) structure representing a trivial group. According to Wikipedia ("Trivial group", 28-Apr-2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivial_group) "In mathematics, a trivial group is a group consisting of a single element. All such groups are isomorphic, so one often speaks of the trivial group. The single element of the trivial group is the identity element". (Contributed by AV, 28-Apr-2019.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {⟨(Base‘ndx), {𝐼}⟩, ⟨(+g‘ndx), {⟨⟨𝐼, 𝐼⟩, 𝐼⟩}⟩}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐼 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝑀 ∈ Grp)
Theorem	grp1inv 18982	The inverse function of the trivial group. (Contributed by FL, 21-Jun-2010.) (Revised by AV, 26-Aug-2021.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {⟨(Base‘ndx), {𝐼}⟩, ⟨(+g‘ndx), {⟨⟨𝐼, 𝐼⟩, 𝐼⟩}⟩}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐼 ∈ 𝑉 → (invg‘𝑀) = ( I ↾ {𝐼}))
Theorem	prdsinvlem 18983*	Characterization of inverses in a structure product. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝑌 = (𝑆Xs𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑌)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅:𝐼⟶Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g ∘ 𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑦 ∈ 𝐼 ↦ ((invg‘(𝑅‘𝑦))‘(𝐹‘𝑦)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑁 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ (𝑁 + 𝐹) = 0 ))
Theorem	prdsgrpd 18984	The product of a family of groups is a group. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 10-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝑌 = (𝑆Xs𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅:𝐼⟶Grp)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ Grp)
Theorem	prdsinvgd 18985*	Negation in a product of groups. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 10-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝑌 = (𝑆Xs𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅:𝐼⟶Grp)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑌)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑁‘𝑋) = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐼 ↦ ((invg‘(𝑅‘𝑥))‘(𝑋‘𝑥))))
Theorem	pwsgrp 18986	A structure power of a group is a group. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 11-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝑌 = (𝑅 ↑s 𝐼)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝐼 ∈ 𝑉) → 𝑌 ∈ Grp)
Theorem	pwsinvg 18987	Negation in a group power. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 11-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝑌 = (𝑅 ↑s 𝐼)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑌)    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (invg‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝑌)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝐼 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑁‘𝑋) = (𝑀 ∘ 𝑋))
Theorem	pwssub 18988	Subtraction in a group power. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝑌 = (𝑅 ↑s 𝐼)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑌)    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (-g‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝑌)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑅 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝐼 ∈ 𝑉) ∧ (𝐹 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ 𝐵)) → (𝐹 − 𝐺) = (𝐹 ∘f 𝑀𝐺))
Theorem	imasgrp2 18989*	The image structure of a group is a group. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Feb-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 5-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 = (𝐹 “s 𝑅))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑅))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → + = (+g‘𝑅))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑉–onto→𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑎 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑏 ∈ 𝑉) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑉)) → (((𝐹‘𝑎) = (𝐹‘𝑝) ∧ (𝐹‘𝑏) = (𝐹‘𝑞)) → (𝐹‘(𝑎 + 𝑏)) = (𝐹‘(𝑝 + 𝑞))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝑥 + 𝑦) ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑉)) → (𝐹‘((𝑥 + 𝑦) + 𝑧)) = (𝐹‘(𝑥 + (𝑦 + 𝑧))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝐹‘( 0 + 𝑥)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑉) → 𝑁 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝐹‘(𝑁 + 𝑥)) = (𝐹‘ 0 ))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑈 ∈ Grp ∧ (𝐹‘ 0 ) = (0g‘𝑈)))
Theorem	imasgrp 18990*	The image structure of a group is a group. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Feb-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 5-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 = (𝐹 “s 𝑅))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑅))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → + = (+g‘𝑅))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑉–onto→𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑎 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑏 ∈ 𝑉) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑉)) → (((𝐹‘𝑎) = (𝐹‘𝑝) ∧ (𝐹‘𝑏) = (𝐹‘𝑞)) → (𝐹‘(𝑎 + 𝑏)) = (𝐹‘(𝑝 + 𝑞))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑈 ∈ Grp ∧ (𝐹‘ 0 ) = (0g‘𝑈)))
Theorem	imasgrpf1 18991	The image of a group under an injection is a group. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Aug-2015.)
⊢ 𝑈 = (𝐹 “s 𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐹:𝑉–1-1→𝐵 ∧ 𝑅 ∈ Grp) → 𝑈 ∈ Grp)
Theorem	qusgrp2 18992*	Prove that a quotient structure is a group. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 14-Jun-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 = (𝑅 /s ∼ ))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑅))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → + = (+g‘𝑅))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∼ Er 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑎 ∼ 𝑝 ∧ 𝑏 ∼ 𝑞) → (𝑎 + 𝑏) ∼ (𝑝 + 𝑞)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝑥 + 𝑦) ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑉)) → ((𝑥 + 𝑦) + 𝑧) ∼ (𝑥 + (𝑦 + 𝑧)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑉) → ( 0 + 𝑥) ∼ 𝑥)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑉) → 𝑁 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝑁 + 𝑥) ∼ 0 )    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑈 ∈ Grp ∧ [ 0 ] ∼ = (0g‘𝑈)))
Theorem	xpsgrp 18993	The binary product of groups is a group. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Aug-2015.)
⊢ 𝑇 = (𝑅 ×s 𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ Grp ∧ 𝑆 ∈ Grp) → 𝑇 ∈ Grp)
Theorem	xpsinv 18994	Value of the negation operation in a binary structure product. (Contributed by AV, 18-Mar-2025.)
⊢ 𝑇 = (𝑅 ×s 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑌 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (invg‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (invg‘𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐼‘⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩) = ⟨(𝑀‘𝐴), (𝑁‘𝐵)⟩)
Theorem	xpsgrpsub 18995	Value of the subtraction operation in a binary structure product of groups. (Contributed by AV, 24-Mar-2025.)
⊢ 𝑇 = (𝑅 ×s 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑌 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ · = (-g‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ × = (-g‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ − ⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩) = ⟨(𝐴 · 𝐶), (𝐵 × 𝐷)⟩)
Theorem	mhmlem 18996*	Lemma for mhmmnd 18998 and ghmgrp 19000. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 25-Apr-2008.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-May-2014.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Jan-2020.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑦)) = ((𝐹‘𝑥) ⨣ (𝐹‘𝑦)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹‘(𝐴 + 𝐵)) = ((𝐹‘𝐴) ⨣ (𝐹‘𝐵)))
Theorem	mhmid 18997*	A surjective monoid morphism preserves identity element. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Jan-2020.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑦)) = ((𝐹‘𝑥) ⨣ (𝐹‘𝑦)))    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑌 = (Base‘𝐻)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ ⨣ = (+g‘𝐻)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑋–onto→𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Mnd)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹‘ 0 ) = (0g‘𝐻))
Theorem	mhmmnd 18998*	The image of a monoid 𝐺 under a monoid homomorphism 𝐹 is a monoid. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Jan-2020.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑦)) = ((𝐹‘𝑥) ⨣ (𝐹‘𝑦)))    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑌 = (Base‘𝐻)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ ⨣ = (+g‘𝐻)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑋–onto→𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Mnd)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ Mnd)
Theorem	mhmfmhm 18999*	The function fulfilling the conditions of mhmmnd 18998 is a monoid homomorphism. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 26-Jan-2020.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑦)) = ((𝐹‘𝑥) ⨣ (𝐹‘𝑦)))    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑌 = (Base‘𝐻)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ ⨣ = (+g‘𝐻)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑋–onto→𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Mnd)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝐺 MndHom 𝐻))
Theorem	ghmgrp 19000*	The image of a group 𝐺 under a group homomorphism 𝐹 is a group. This is a stronger result than that usually found in the literature, since the target of the homomorphism (operator 𝑂 in our model) need not have any of the properties of a group as a prerequisite. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 25-Apr-2008.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-May-2014.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Jan-2020.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑦)) = ((𝐹‘𝑥) ⨣ (𝐹‘𝑦)))    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑌 = (Base‘𝐻)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ ⨣ = (+g‘𝐻)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑋–onto→𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ Grp)