P. 74 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 7301-7400   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	isoeq5 7301	Equality theorem for isomorphisms. (Contributed by NM, 17-May-2004.)
⊢ (𝐵 = 𝐶 → (𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) ↔ 𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐶)))
Theorem	nfiso 7302	Bound-variable hypothesis builder for an isomorphism. (Contributed by NM, 17-May-2004.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 22-Oct-2011.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐻    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝑅    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝑆    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥 𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵)
Theorem	isof1o 7303	An isomorphism is a one-to-one onto function. (Contributed by NM, 27-Apr-2004.)
⊢ (𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) → 𝐻:𝐴–1-1-onto→𝐵)
Theorem	isof1oidb 7304	A function is a bijection iff it is an isomorphism regarding the identity relation. (Contributed by AV, 9-May-2021.)
⊢ (𝐻:𝐴–1-1-onto→𝐵 ↔ 𝐻 Isom I , I (𝐴, 𝐵))
Theorem	isof1oopb 7305	A function is a bijection iff it is an isomorphism regarding the universal class of ordered pairs as relations. (Contributed by AV, 9-May-2021.)
⊢ (𝐻:𝐴–1-1-onto→𝐵 ↔ 𝐻 Isom (V × V), (V × V)(𝐴, 𝐵))
Theorem	isorel 7306	An isomorphism connects binary relations via its function values. (Contributed by NM, 27-Apr-2004.)
⊢ ((𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝐶𝑅𝐷 ↔ (𝐻‘𝐶)𝑆(𝐻‘𝐷)))
Theorem	soisores 7307*	Express the condition of isomorphism on two strict orders for a function's restriction. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 22-Jan-2015.)
⊢ (((𝑅 Or 𝐵 ∧ 𝑆 Or 𝐶) ∧ (𝐹:𝐵⟶𝐶 ∧ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵)) → ((𝐹 ↾ 𝐴) Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, (𝐹 “ 𝐴)) ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥𝑅𝑦 → (𝐹‘𝑥)𝑆(𝐹‘𝑦))))
Theorem	soisoi 7308*	Infer isomorphism from one direction of an order proof for isomorphisms between strict orders. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 2-Nov-2014.)
⊢ (((𝑅 Or 𝐴 ∧ 𝑆 Po 𝐵) ∧ (𝐻:𝐴–onto→𝐵 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥𝑅𝑦 → (𝐻‘𝑥)𝑆(𝐻‘𝑦)))) → 𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵))
Theorem	isoid 7309	Identity law for isomorphism. Proposition 6.30(1) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 33. (Contributed by NM, 27-Apr-2004.)
⊢ ( I ↾ 𝐴) Isom 𝑅, 𝑅 (𝐴, 𝐴)
Theorem	isocnv 7310	Converse law for isomorphism. Proposition 6.30(2) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 33. (Contributed by NM, 27-Apr-2004.)
⊢ (𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) → ◡𝐻 Isom 𝑆, 𝑅 (𝐵, 𝐴))
Theorem	isocnv2 7311	Converse law for isomorphism. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 30-Jan-2014.)
⊢ (𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) ↔ 𝐻 Isom ◡𝑅, ◡𝑆(𝐴, 𝐵))
Theorem	isocnv3 7312	Complementation law for isomorphism. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝐶 = ((𝐴 × 𝐴) ∖ 𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = ((𝐵 × 𝐵) ∖ 𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) ↔ 𝐻 Isom 𝐶, 𝐷 (𝐴, 𝐵))
Theorem	isores2 7313	An isomorphism from one well-order to another can be restricted on either well-order. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Jan-2013.)
⊢ (𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) ↔ 𝐻 Isom 𝑅, (𝑆 ∩ (𝐵 × 𝐵))(𝐴, 𝐵))
Theorem	isores1 7314	An isomorphism from one well-order to another can be restricted on either well-order. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Jan-2013.)
⊢ (𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) ↔ 𝐻 Isom (𝑅 ∩ (𝐴 × 𝐴)), 𝑆(𝐴, 𝐵))
Theorem	isores3 7315	Induced isomorphism on a subset. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 5-Nov-2014.)
⊢ ((𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) ∧ 𝐾 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑋 = (𝐻 “ 𝐾)) → (𝐻 ↾ 𝐾) Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐾, 𝑋))
Theorem	isotr 7316	Composition (transitive) law for isomorphism. Proposition 6.30(3) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 33. (Contributed by NM, 27-Apr-2004.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 5-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) ∧ 𝐺 Isom 𝑆, 𝑇 (𝐵, 𝐶)) → (𝐺 ∘ 𝐻) Isom 𝑅, 𝑇 (𝐴, 𝐶))
Theorem	isomin 7317	Isomorphisms preserve minimal elements. Note that (◡𝑅 “ {𝐷}) is Takeuti and Zaring's idiom for the initial segment {𝑥 ∣ 𝑥𝑅𝐷}. Proposition 6.31(1) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 33. (Contributed by NM, 19-Apr-2004.)
⊢ ((𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) ∧ (𝐶 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝐴)) → ((𝐶 ∩ (◡𝑅 “ {𝐷})) = ∅ ↔ ((𝐻 “ 𝐶) ∩ (◡𝑆 “ {(𝐻‘𝐷)})) = ∅))
Theorem	isoini 7318	Isomorphisms preserve initial segments. Proposition 6.31(2) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 33. (Contributed by NM, 20-Apr-2004.)
⊢ ((𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝐻 “ (𝐴 ∩ (◡𝑅 “ {𝐷}))) = (𝐵 ∩ (◡𝑆 “ {(𝐻‘𝐷)})))
Theorem	isoini2 7319	Isomorphisms are isomorphisms on their initial segments. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 29-Mar-2014.)
⊢ 𝐶 = (𝐴 ∩ (◡𝑅 “ {𝑋}))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝐵 ∩ (◡𝑆 “ {(𝐻‘𝑋)}))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝐻 ↾ 𝐶) Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐶, 𝐷))
Theorem	isofrlem 7320*	Lemma for isofr 7322. (Contributed by NM, 29-Apr-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 18-Nov-2014.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐻 “ 𝑥) ∈ V)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑆 Fr 𝐵 → 𝑅 Fr 𝐴))
Theorem	isoselem 7321*	Lemma for isose 7323. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Jun-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐻 “ 𝑥) ∈ V)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑅 Se 𝐴 → 𝑆 Se 𝐵))
Theorem	isofr 7322	An isomorphism preserves well-foundedness. Proposition 6.32(1) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 33. (Contributed by NM, 30-Apr-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 18-Nov-2014.)
⊢ (𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) → (𝑅 Fr 𝐴 ↔ 𝑆 Fr 𝐵))
Theorem	isose 7323	An isomorphism preserves set-like relations. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Jun-2015.)
⊢ (𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) → (𝑅 Se 𝐴 ↔ 𝑆 Se 𝐵))
Theorem	isofr2 7324	A weak form of isofr 7322 that does not need Replacement. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Nov-2014.)
⊢ ((𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝑆 Fr 𝐵 → 𝑅 Fr 𝐴))
Theorem	isopolem 7325	Lemma for isopo 7326. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 16-Nov-2014.)
⊢ (𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) → (𝑆 Po 𝐵 → 𝑅 Po 𝐴))
Theorem	isopo 7326	An isomorphism preserves the property of being a partial order. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 16-Nov-2014.)
⊢ (𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) → (𝑅 Po 𝐴 ↔ 𝑆 Po 𝐵))
Theorem	isosolem 7327	Lemma for isoso 7328. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 16-Nov-2014.)
⊢ (𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) → (𝑆 Or 𝐵 → 𝑅 Or 𝐴))
Theorem	isoso 7328	An isomorphism preserves the property of being a strict total order. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 16-Nov-2014.)
⊢ (𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) → (𝑅 Or 𝐴 ↔ 𝑆 Or 𝐵))
Theorem	isowe 7329	An isomorphism preserves the property of being a well-ordering. Proposition 6.32(3) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 33. (Contributed by NM, 30-Apr-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 18-Nov-2014.)
⊢ (𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) → (𝑅 We 𝐴 ↔ 𝑆 We 𝐵))
Theorem	isowe2 7330*	A weak form of isowe 7329 that does not need Replacement. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Nov-2014.)
⊢ ((𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑥(𝐻 “ 𝑥) ∈ V) → (𝑆 We 𝐵 → 𝑅 We 𝐴))
Theorem	f1oiso 7331*	Any one-to-one onto function determines an isomorphism with an induced relation 𝑆. Proposition 6.33 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 34. (Contributed by NM, 30-Apr-2004.)
⊢ ((𝐻:𝐴–1-1-onto→𝐵 ∧ 𝑆 = {⟨𝑧, 𝑤⟩ ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ((𝑧 = (𝐻‘𝑥) ∧ 𝑤 = (𝐻‘𝑦)) ∧ 𝑥𝑅𝑦)}) → 𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵))
Theorem	f1oiso2 7332*	Any one-to-one onto function determines an isomorphism with an induced relation 𝑆. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Mar-2013.)
⊢ 𝑆 = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ ((𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵) ∧ (◡𝐻‘𝑥)𝑅(◡𝐻‘𝑦))}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐻:𝐴–1-1-onto→𝐵 → 𝐻 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵))
Theorem	f1owe 7333*	Well-ordering of isomorphic relations. (Contributed by NM, 4-Mar-1997.)
⊢ 𝑅 = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝐹‘𝑥)𝑆(𝐹‘𝑦)}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐹:𝐴–1-1-onto→𝐵 → (𝑆 We 𝐵 → 𝑅 We 𝐴))
Theorem	weniso 7334	A set-like well-ordering has no nontrivial automorphisms. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 16-Nov-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 25-Jun-2015.)
⊢ ((𝑅 We 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Se 𝐴 ∧ 𝐹 Isom 𝑅, 𝑅 (𝐴, 𝐴)) → 𝐹 = ( I ↾ 𝐴))
Theorem	weisoeq 7335	Thus, there is at most one isomorphism between any two set-like well-ordered classes. Class version of wemoiso 7950. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 25-Jun-2015.)
⊢ (((𝑅 We 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Se 𝐴) ∧ (𝐹 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) ∧ 𝐺 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵))) → 𝐹 = 𝐺)
Theorem	weisoeq2 7336	Thus, there is at most one isomorphism between any two set-like well-ordered classes. Class version of wemoiso2 7951. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 25-Jun-2015.)
⊢ (((𝑆 We 𝐵 ∧ 𝑆 Se 𝐵) ∧ (𝐹 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵) ∧ 𝐺 Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (𝐴, 𝐵))) → 𝐹 = 𝐺)
Theorem	knatar 7337*	The Knaster-Tarski theorem says that every monotone function over a complete lattice has a (least) fixpoint. Here we specialize this theorem to the case when the lattice is the powerset lattice 𝒫 𝐴. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 11-Jun-2015.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ∩ {𝑧 ∈ 𝒫 𝐴 ∣ (𝐹‘𝑧) ⊆ 𝑧}    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ (𝐹‘𝐴) ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝒫 𝐴∀𝑦 ∈ 𝒫 𝑥(𝐹‘𝑦) ⊆ (𝐹‘𝑥)) → (𝑋 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ (𝐹‘𝑋) = 𝑋))
Theorem	fvresval 7338	The value of a restricted function at a class is either the empty set or the value of the unrestricted function at that class. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Sep-2011.)
⊢ (((𝐹 ↾ 𝐵)‘𝐴) = (𝐹‘𝐴) ∨ ((𝐹 ↾ 𝐵)‘𝐴) = ∅)
Theorem	funeldmb 7339	If ∅ is not part of the range of a function 𝐹, then 𝐴 is in the domain of 𝐹 iff (𝐹‘𝐴) ≠ ∅. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 7-Dec-2021.)
⊢ ((Fun 𝐹 ∧ ¬ ∅ ∈ ran 𝐹) → (𝐴 ∈ dom 𝐹 ↔ (𝐹‘𝐴) ≠ ∅))
Theorem	eqfunresadj 7340	Law for adjoining an element to restrictions of functions. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 6-Dec-2021.)
⊢ (((Fun 𝐹 ∧ Fun 𝐺) ∧ (𝐹 ↾ 𝑋) = (𝐺 ↾ 𝑋) ∧ (𝑌 ∈ dom 𝐹 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ dom 𝐺 ∧ (𝐹‘𝑌) = (𝐺‘𝑌))) → (𝐹 ↾ (𝑋 ∪ {𝑌})) = (𝐺 ↾ (𝑋 ∪ {𝑌})))
Theorem	eqfunressuc 7341	Law for equality of restriction to successors. This is primarily useful when 𝑋 is an ordinal, but it does not require that. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 6-Dec-2021.)
⊢ (((Fun 𝐹 ∧ Fun 𝐺) ∧ (𝐹 ↾ 𝑋) = (𝐺 ↾ 𝑋) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ dom 𝐹 ∧ 𝑋 ∈ dom 𝐺 ∧ (𝐹‘𝑋) = (𝐺‘𝑋))) → (𝐹 ↾ suc 𝑋) = (𝐺 ↾ suc 𝑋))
Theorem	fnssintima 7342*	Condition for subset of an intersection of an image. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 16-Aug-2024.)
⊢ ((𝐹 Fn 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴) → (𝐶 ⊆ ∩ (𝐹 “ 𝐵) ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝐶 ⊆ (𝐹‘𝑥)))
Theorem	imaeqsexvOLD 7343*	Obsolete version of rexima 7218 as of 14-Aug-2025. Duplicate version of rexima 7218. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 27-Sep-2024.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ (𝑥 = (𝐹‘𝑦) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐹 Fn 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴) → (∃𝑥 ∈ (𝐹 “ 𝐵)𝜑 ↔ ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 𝜓))
Theorem	imaeqsalvOLD 7344*	Obsolete version of ralima 7217 as of 14-Aug-2025. Duplicate version of ralima 7217. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 27-Sep-2024.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ (𝑥 = (𝐹‘𝑦) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐹 Fn 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴) → (∀𝑥 ∈ (𝐹 “ 𝐵)𝜑 ↔ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 𝜓))
Theorem	fnimasnd 7345	The image of a function by a singleton whose element is in the domain of the function. (Contributed by Steven Nguyen, 7-Jun-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 Fn 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 “ {𝑆}) = {(𝐹‘𝑆)})
2.3.17  Cantor's Theorem
Theorem	canth 7346	No set 𝐴 is equinumerous to its power set (Cantor's theorem), i.e., no function can map 𝐴 onto its power set. Compare Theorem 6B(b) of [Enderton] p. 132. For the equinumerosity version, see canth2 9098. Note that 𝐴 must be a set: this theorem does not hold when 𝐴 is too large to be a set; see ncanth 7347 for a counterexample. (Use nex 1819 if you want the form ¬ ∃𝑓𝑓:𝐴–onto→𝒫 𝐴.) (Contributed by NM, 7-Aug-1994.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 7-Jun-2016.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ ¬ 𝐹:𝐴–onto→𝒫 𝐴
Theorem	ncanth 7347	Cantor's theorem fails for the universal class (which is not a set but a proper class by vprc 5269). Specifically, the identity function maps the universe onto its power class. Compare canth 7346 that works for sets. This failure comes from a limitation of the collection principle (which is necessary to avoid Russell's paradox ru 3742): 𝒫 V, being a class, cannot contain proper classes, so it is no larger than V, which is why the identity function "succeeds" in being surjective onto 𝒫 V (see pwv 4861). See also the remark in ru 3742 about NF, in which Cantor's theorem fails for sets that are "too large". This theorem gives some intuition behind that failure: in NF the universal class is a set, and it equals its own power set. (Contributed by NM, 29-Jun-2004.) (Proof shortened by BJ, 29-Dec-2023.)
⊢ I :V–onto→𝒫 V
2.3.18  Restricted iota (description binder)
Syntax	crio 7348	Extend class notation with restricted description binder.
class (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑)
Definition	df-riota 7349	Define restricted description binder. In case there is no unique 𝑥 such that (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝜑) holds, it evaluates to the empty set. See also comments for df-iota 6473. (Contributed by NM, 15-Sep-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-Oct-2016.) (Revised by NM, 2-Sep-2018.)
⊢ (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) = (℩𝑥(𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝜑))
Theorem	riotaeqdv 7350*	Formula-building deduction for iota. (Contributed by NM, 15-Sep-2011.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓) = (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝜓))
Theorem	riotabidv 7351*	Formula-building deduction for restricted iota. (Contributed by NM, 15-Sep-2011.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓) = (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜒))
Theorem	riotaeqbidv 7352*	Equality deduction for restricted universal quantifier. (Contributed by NM, 15-Sep-2011.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓) = (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝜒))
Theorem	riotaex 7353	Restricted iota is a set. (Contributed by NM, 15-Sep-2011.)
⊢ (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓) ∈ V
Theorem	riotav 7354	An iota restricted to the universe is unrestricted. (Contributed by NM, 18-Sep-2011.)
⊢ (℩𝑥 ∈ V 𝜑) = (℩𝑥𝜑)
Theorem	riotauni 7355	Restricted iota in terms of class union. (Contributed by NM, 11-Oct-2011.)
⊢ (∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 → (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) = ∪ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑})
Theorem	nfriota1 7356*	The abstraction variable in a restricted iota descriptor isn't free. (Contributed by NM, 12-Oct-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-Oct-2016.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥(℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑)
Theorem	nfriotadw 7357*	Deduction version of nfriota 7361 with a disjoint variable condition, which contrary to nfriotad 7360 does not require ax-13 2402. (Contributed by NM, 18-Feb-2013.) Avoid ax-13 2402. (Revised by GG, 26-Jan-2024.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝜑    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥𝜓)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥(℩𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓))
Theorem	cbvriotaw 7358*	Change bound variable in a restricted description binder. Version of cbvriota 7362 with a disjoint variable condition, which does not require ax-13 2402. (Contributed by NM, 18-Mar-2013.) Avoid ax-13 2402. (Revised by GG, 26-Jan-2024.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝜑    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜓    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) = (℩𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓)
Theorem	cbvriotavw 7359*	Change bound variable in a restricted description binder. Version of cbvriotav 7363 with a disjoint variable condition, which requires fewer axioms . (Contributed by NM, 18-Mar-2013.) (Revised by GG, 30-Sep-2024.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) = (℩𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓)
Theorem	nfriotad 7360	Deduction version of nfriota 7361. Usage of this theorem is discouraged because it depends on ax-13 2402. Use the weaker nfriotadw 7357 when possible. (Contributed by NM, 18-Feb-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-Oct-2016.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝜑    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥𝜓)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥(℩𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓))
Theorem	nfriota 7361*	A variable not free in a wff remains so in a restricted iota descriptor. (Contributed by NM, 12-Oct-2011.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥(℩𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑)
Theorem	cbvriota 7362*	Change bound variable in a restricted description binder. Usage of this theorem is discouraged because it depends on ax-13 2402. Use the weaker cbvriotaw 7358 when possible. (Contributed by NM, 18-Mar-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-Oct-2016.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝜑    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜓    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) = (℩𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓)
Theorem	cbvriotav 7363*	Change bound variable in a restricted description binder. Usage of this theorem is discouraged because it depends on ax-13 2402. Use the weaker cbvriotavw 7359 when possible. (Contributed by NM, 18-Mar-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-Oct-2016.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) = (℩𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓)
Theorem	csbriota 7364*	Interchange class substitution and restricted description binder. (Contributed by NM, 24-Feb-2013.) (Revised by NM, 2-Sep-2018.)
⊢ ⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌(℩𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑) = (℩𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 [𝐴 / 𝑥]𝜑)
Theorem	riotacl2 7365	Membership law for "the unique element in 𝐴 such that 𝜑". (Contributed by NM, 21-Aug-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 → (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) ∈ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑})
Theorem	riotacl 7366*	Closure of restricted iota. (Contributed by NM, 21-Aug-2011.)
⊢ (∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 → (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) ∈ 𝐴)
Theorem	riotasbc 7367	Substitution law for descriptions. Compare iotasbc 44959. (Contributed by NM, 23-Aug-2011.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 24-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 → [(℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) / 𝑥]𝜑)
Theorem	riotabidva 7368*	Equivalent wff's yield equal restricted class abstractions (deduction form). (rabbidva 3419 analog.) (Contributed by NM, 17-Jan-2012.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓) = (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜒))
Theorem	riotabiia 7369	Equivalent wff's yield equal restricted iotas (inference form). (rabbiia 3417 analog.) (Contributed by NM, 16-Jan-2012.)
⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) = (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓)
Theorem	riota1 7370*	Property of restricted iota. Compare iota1 6496. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Oct-2016.)
⊢ (∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 → ((𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝜑) ↔ (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) = 𝑥))
Theorem	riota1a 7371	Property of iota. (Contributed by NM, 23-Aug-2011.)
⊢ ((𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) → (𝜑 ↔ (℩𝑥(𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝜑)) = 𝑥))
Theorem	riota2df 7372*	A deduction version of riota2f 7373. (Contributed by NM, 17-Feb-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-Oct-2016.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥𝜒)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 = 𝐵) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓) → (𝜒 ↔ (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓) = 𝐵))
Theorem	riota2f 7373*	This theorem shows a condition that allows to represent a descriptor with a class expression 𝐵. (Contributed by NM, 23-Aug-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-Oct-2016.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐵    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜓    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐵 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) → (𝜓 ↔ (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) = 𝐵))
Theorem	riota2 7374*	This theorem shows a condition that allows to represent a descriptor with a class expression 𝐵. (Contributed by NM, 23-Aug-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 10-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐵 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) → (𝜓 ↔ (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) = 𝐵))
Theorem	riotaeqimp 7375*	If two restricted iota descriptors for an equality are equal, then the terms of the equality are equal. (Contributed by AV, 6-Dec-2020.)
⊢ 𝐼 = (℩𝑎 ∈ 𝑉 𝑋 = 𝐴)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (℩𝑎 ∈ 𝑉 𝑌 = 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃!𝑎 ∈ 𝑉 𝑋 = 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃!𝑎 ∈ 𝑉 𝑌 = 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝐼 = 𝐽) → 𝑋 = 𝑌)
Theorem	riotaprop 7376*	Properties of a restricted definite description operator. (Contributed by NM, 23-Nov-2013.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜓    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐵 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ (∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 → (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝜓))
Theorem	riota5f 7377*	A method for computing restricted iota. (Contributed by NM, 16-Apr-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-Oct-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝑥 = 𝐵))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓) = 𝐵)
Theorem	riota5 7378*	A method for computing restricted iota. (Contributed by NM, 20-Oct-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 6-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝑥 = 𝐵))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓) = 𝐵)
Theorem	riotass2 7379*	Restriction of a unique element to a smaller class. (Contributed by NM, 21-Aug-2011.) (Revised by NM, 22-Mar-2013.)
⊢ (((𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝜑 → 𝜓)) ∧ (∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ∧ ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝜓)) → (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) = (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝜓))
Theorem	riotass 7380*	Restriction of a unique element to a smaller class. (Contributed by NM, 19-Oct-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ∧ ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑) → (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) = (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑))
Theorem	moriotass 7381*	Restriction of a unique element to a smaller class. (Contributed by NM, 19-Feb-2006.) (Revised by NM, 16-Jun-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ∧ ∃*𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑) → (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) = (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑))
Theorem	snriota 7382	A restricted class abstraction with a unique member can be expressed as a singleton. (Contributed by NM, 30-May-2006.)
⊢ (∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 → {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} = {(℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑)})
Theorem	riotaxfrd 7383*	Change the variable 𝑥 in the expression for "the unique 𝑥 such that 𝜓 " to another variable 𝑦 contained in expression 𝐵. Use reuhypd 5375 to eliminate the last hypothesis. (Contributed by NM, 16-Jan-2012.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-Oct-2016.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝐶    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (℩𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝜒) ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐵 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑦 = (℩𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝜒) → 𝐵 = 𝐶)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → ∃!𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝑥 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓) → (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓) = 𝐶)
Theorem	eusvobj2 7384*	Specify the same property in two ways when class 𝐵(𝑦) is single-valued. (Contributed by NM, 1-Nov-2010.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 24-Dec-2016.)
⊢ 𝐵 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ (∃!𝑥∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝑥 = 𝐵 → (∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝑥 = 𝐵 ↔ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝑥 = 𝐵))
Theorem	eusvobj1 7385*	Specify the same object in two ways when class 𝐵(𝑦) is single-valued. (Contributed by NM, 1-Nov-2010.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 19-Nov-2016.)
⊢ 𝐵 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ (∃!𝑥∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝑥 = 𝐵 → (℩𝑥∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝑥 = 𝐵) = (℩𝑥∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝑥 = 𝐵))
Theorem	f1ofveu 7386*	There is one domain element for each value of a one-to-one onto function. (Contributed by NM, 26-May-2006.)
⊢ ((𝐹:𝐴–1-1-onto→𝐵 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐵) → ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐹‘𝑥) = 𝐶)
Theorem	f1ocnvfv3 7387*	Value of the converse of a one-to-one onto function. (Contributed by NM, 26-May-2006.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 24-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((𝐹:𝐴–1-1-onto→𝐵 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐵) → (◡𝐹‘𝐶) = (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐹‘𝑥) = 𝐶))
Theorem	riotaund 7388*	Restricted iota equals the empty set when not meaningful. (Contributed by NM, 16-Jan-2012.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-Oct-2016.) (Revised by NM, 13-Sep-2018.)
⊢ (¬ ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 → (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) = ∅)
Theorem	riotassuni 7389*	The restricted iota class is limited in size by the base set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) ⊆ (𝒫 ∪ 𝐴 ∪ ∪ 𝐴)
Theorem	riotaclb 7390*	Bidirectional closure of restricted iota when domain is not empty. (Contributed by NM, 28-Feb-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Dec-2016.) (Revised by NM, 13-Sep-2018.)
⊢ (¬ ∅ ∈ 𝐴 → (∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ↔ (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) ∈ 𝐴))
Theorem	riotarab 7391*	Restricted iota of a restricted abstraction. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 8-Aug-2024.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ (℩𝑥 ∈ {𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜓}𝜒) = (℩𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝜑 ∧ 𝜒))
2.3.19  Operations
Syntax	co 7392	Extend class notation to include the value of an operation 𝐹 (such as +) for two arguments 𝐴 and 𝐵. Note that the syntax is simply three class symbols in a row surrounded by parentheses. Since operation values are the only possible class expressions consisting of three class expressions in a row surrounded by parentheses, the syntax is unambiguous. (For an example of how syntax could become ambiguous if we are not careful, see the comment in cneg 11412.)
class (𝐴𝐹𝐵)
Syntax	coprab 7393	Extend class notation to include class abstraction (class builder) of nested ordered pairs.
class {⟨⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩, 𝑧⟩ ∣ 𝜑}
Syntax	cmpo 7394	Extend the definition of a class to include maps-to notation for defining an operation via a rule.
class (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ 𝐶)
Definition	df-ov 7395	Define the value of an operation. Definition of operation value in [Enderton] p. 79. Note that the syntax is simply three class expressions in a row bracketed by parentheses. There are no restrictions of any kind on what those class expressions may be, although only certain kinds of class expressions - a binary operation 𝐹 and its arguments 𝐴 and 𝐵- will be useful for proving meaningful theorems. For example, if class 𝐹 is the operation + and arguments 𝐴 and 𝐵 are 3 and 2, the expression (3 + 2) can be proved to equal 5 (see 3p2e5 12365). This definition is well-defined, although not very meaningful, when classes 𝐴 and/or 𝐵 are proper classes (i.e. are not sets); see ovprc1 7431 and ovprc2 7432. On the other hand, we often find uses for this definition when 𝐹 is a proper class, such as +o in oav 8475. 𝐹 is normally equal to a class of nested ordered pairs of the form defined by df-oprab 7396. (Contributed by NM, 28-Feb-1995.)
⊢ (𝐴𝐹𝐵) = (𝐹‘⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩)
Definition	df-oprab 7396*	Define the class abstraction (class builder) of a collection of nested ordered pairs (for use in defining operations). This is a special case of Definition 4.16 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 14. Normally 𝑥, 𝑦, and 𝑧 are distinct, although the definition doesn't strictly require it. See df-ov 7395 for the value of an operation. The brace notation is called "class abstraction" by Quine; it is also called a "class builder" in the literature. The value of an operation given by a class abstraction is given by ovmpo 7552. (Contributed by NM, 12-Mar-1995.)
⊢ {⟨⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩, 𝑧⟩ ∣ 𝜑} = {𝑤 ∣ ∃𝑥∃𝑦∃𝑧(𝑤 = ⟨⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩, 𝑧⟩ ∧ 𝜑)}
Definition	df-mpo 7397*	Define maps-to notation for defining an operation via a rule. Read as "the operation defined by the map from 𝑥, 𝑦 (in 𝐴 × 𝐵) to 𝐶(𝑥, 𝑦)". An extension of df-mpt 5181 for two arguments. (Contributed by NM, 17-Feb-2008.)
⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ 𝐶) = {⟨⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩, 𝑧⟩ ∣ ((𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵) ∧ 𝑧 = 𝐶)}
Theorem	oveq 7398	Equality theorem for operation value. (Contributed by NM, 28-Feb-1995.)
⊢ (𝐹 = 𝐺 → (𝐴𝐹𝐵) = (𝐴𝐺𝐵))
Theorem	oveq1 7399	Equality theorem for operation value. (Contributed by NM, 28-Feb-1995.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → (𝐴𝐹𝐶) = (𝐵𝐹𝐶))
Theorem	oveq2 7400	Equality theorem for operation value. (Contributed by NM, 28-Feb-1995.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → (𝐶𝐹𝐴) = (𝐶𝐹𝐵))