P. 445 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Type

Label

Description

Statement

Theorem

frege96 44401

Every result of an application of the procedure 𝑅 to an object that follows 𝑋 in the 𝑅-sequence follows 𝑋 in the 𝑅 -sequence. Proposition 96 of [Frege1879] p. 71. (Contributed by RP, 2-Jul-2020.) (Revised by RP, 7-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑈    &   ⊢ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑉    &   ⊢ 𝑍 ∈ 𝑊    &   ⊢ 𝑅 ∈ 𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑌 → (𝑌𝑅𝑍 → 𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑍))

Theorem

frege97 44402

The property of following 𝑋 in the 𝑅-sequence is hereditary in the 𝑅-sequence. Proposition 97 of [Frege1879] p. 71.

Here we introduce the image of a singleton under a relation as class which stands for the property of following 𝑋 in the 𝑅 -sequence. (Contributed by RP, 2-Jul-2020.) (Revised by RP, 7-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑈    &   ⊢ 𝑅 ∈ 𝑊    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑅 hereditary ((t+‘𝑅) “ {𝑋})

Theorem

frege98 44403

If 𝑌 follows 𝑋 and 𝑍 follows 𝑌 in the 𝑅-sequence then 𝑍 follows 𝑋 in the 𝑅-sequence because the transitive closure of a relation has the transitive property. Proposition 98 of [Frege1879] p. 71. (Contributed by RP, 2-Jul-2020.) (Revised by RP, 6-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵    &   ⊢ 𝑍 ∈ 𝐶    &   ⊢ 𝑅 ∈ 𝐷    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑌 → (𝑌(t+‘𝑅)𝑍 → 𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑍))

21.36.6.10  _Begriffsschrift_ Chapter III Member of sequence

𝑝((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑐 means 𝑐 is a member of the 𝑅 -sequence beginning with 𝑝 and 𝑝 is a member of the 𝑅 -sequence ending with 𝑐.

dffrege99 44404 through frege114 44419 develop this.

This will be shown to be related to the transitive-reflexive closure of relation 𝑅. But more work needs to be done on transitive closure of relations before this is ready for Metamath.

Theorem

dffrege99 44404

If 𝑍 is identical with 𝑋 or follows 𝑋 in the 𝑅 -sequence, then we say : "𝑍 belongs to the 𝑅-sequence beginning with 𝑋 " or "𝑋 belongs to the 𝑅-sequence ending with 𝑍". Definition 99 of [Frege1879] p. 71. (Contributed by RP, 2-Jul-2020.)

⊢ 𝑍 ∈ 𝑈    ⇒   ⊢ ((¬ 𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑍 → 𝑍 = 𝑋) ↔ 𝑋((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑍)

Theorem

frege100 44405

One direction of dffrege99 44404. Proposition 100 of [Frege1879] p. 72. (Contributed by RP, 7-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑍 ∈ 𝑈    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑋((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑍 → (¬ 𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑍 → 𝑍 = 𝑋))

Theorem

frege101 44406

Lemma for frege102 44407. Proposition 101 of [Frege1879] p. 72. (Contributed by RP, 7-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑍 ∈ 𝑈    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑍 = 𝑋 → (𝑍𝑅𝑉 → 𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑉)) → ((𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑍 → (𝑍𝑅𝑉 → 𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑉)) → (𝑋((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑍 → (𝑍𝑅𝑉 → 𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑉))))

Theorem

frege102 44407

If 𝑍 belongs to the 𝑅-sequence beginning with 𝑋, then every result of an application of the procedure 𝑅 to 𝑍 follows 𝑋 in the 𝑅-sequence. Proposition 102 of [Frege1879] p. 72. (Contributed by RP, 7-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝑍 ∈ 𝐵    &   ⊢ 𝑉 ∈ 𝐶    &   ⊢ 𝑅 ∈ 𝐷    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑋((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑍 → (𝑍𝑅𝑉 → 𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑉))

Theorem

frege103 44408

Proposition 103 of [Frege1879] p. 73. (Contributed by RP, 7-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑍 ∈ 𝑉    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑍 = 𝑋 → 𝑋 = 𝑍) → (𝑋((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑍 → (¬ 𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑍 → 𝑋 = 𝑍)))

Theorem

frege104 44409

Proposition 104 of [Frege1879] p. 73.

Note: in the Bauer-Meenfelberg translation published in van Heijenoort's collection From Frege to Goedel, this proof has the minor clause and result swapped. (Contributed by RP, 7-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑍 ∈ 𝑉    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑋((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑍 → (¬ 𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑍 → 𝑋 = 𝑍))

Theorem

frege105 44410

Proposition 105 of [Frege1879] p. 73. (Contributed by RP, 7-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑍 ∈ 𝑉    ⇒   ⊢ ((¬ 𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑍 → 𝑍 = 𝑋) → 𝑋((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑍)

Theorem

frege106 44411

Whatever follows 𝑋 in the 𝑅-sequence belongs to the 𝑅 -sequence beginning with 𝑋. Proposition 106 of [Frege1879] p. 73. (Contributed by RP, 7-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑍 ∈ 𝑉    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑍 → 𝑋((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑍)

Theorem

frege107 44412

Proposition 107 of [Frege1879] p. 74. (Contributed by RP, 7-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑉 ∈ 𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑍((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑌 → (𝑌𝑅𝑉 → 𝑍(t+‘𝑅)𝑉)) → (𝑍((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑌 → (𝑌𝑅𝑉 → 𝑍((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑉)))

Theorem

frege108 44413

If 𝑌 belongs to the 𝑅-sequence beginning with 𝑍, then every result of an application of the procedure 𝑅 to 𝑌 belongs to the 𝑅-sequence beginning with 𝑍. Proposition 108 of [Frege1879] p. 74. (Contributed by RP, 7-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑍 ∈ 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵    &   ⊢ 𝑉 ∈ 𝐶    &   ⊢ 𝑅 ∈ 𝐷    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑍((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑌 → (𝑌𝑅𝑉 → 𝑍((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑉))

Theorem

frege109 44414

The property of belonging to the 𝑅-sequence beginning with 𝑋 is hereditary in the 𝑅-sequence. Proposition 109 of [Frege1879] p. 74. (Contributed by RP, 7-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑈    &   ⊢ 𝑅 ∈ 𝑉    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑅 hereditary (((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I ) “ {𝑋})

Theorem

frege110 44415*

Proposition 110 of [Frege1879] p. 75. (Contributed by RP, 7-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵    &   ⊢ 𝑀 ∈ 𝐶    &   ⊢ 𝑅 ∈ 𝐷    ⇒   ⊢ (∀𝑎(𝑌𝑅𝑎 → 𝑋((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑎) → (𝑌(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → 𝑋((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑀))

Theorem

frege111 44416

If 𝑌 belongs to the 𝑅-sequence beginning with 𝑍, then every result of an application of the procedure 𝑅 to 𝑌 belongs to the 𝑅-sequence beginning with 𝑍 or precedes 𝑍 in the 𝑅-sequence. Proposition 111 of [Frege1879] p. 75. (Contributed by RP, 7-Jul-2020.) (Revised by RP, 8-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑍 ∈ 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵    &   ⊢ 𝑉 ∈ 𝐶    &   ⊢ 𝑅 ∈ 𝐷    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑍((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑌 → (𝑌𝑅𝑉 → (¬ 𝑉(t+‘𝑅)𝑍 → 𝑍((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑉)))

Theorem

frege112 44417

Identity implies belonging to the 𝑅-sequence beginning with self. Proposition 112 of [Frege1879] p. 76. (Contributed by RP, 7-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑍 ∈ 𝑉    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑍 = 𝑋 → 𝑋((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑍)

Theorem

frege113 44418

Proposition 113 of [Frege1879] p. 76. (Contributed by RP, 7-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑍 ∈ 𝑉    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑍((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑋 → (¬ 𝑍(t+‘𝑅)𝑋 → 𝑍 = 𝑋)) → (𝑍((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑋 → (¬ 𝑍(t+‘𝑅)𝑋 → 𝑋((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑍)))

Theorem

frege114 44419

If 𝑋 belongs to the 𝑅-sequence beginning with 𝑍, then 𝑍 belongs to the 𝑅-sequence beginning with 𝑋 or 𝑋 follows 𝑍 in the 𝑅-sequence. Proposition 114 of [Frege1879] p. 76. (Contributed by RP, 7-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑈    &   ⊢ 𝑍 ∈ 𝑉    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑍((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑋 → (¬ 𝑍(t+‘𝑅)𝑋 → 𝑋((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑍))

21.36.6.11  _Begriffsschrift_ Chapter III Single-valued procedures

Fun ^◡◡𝑅 means the relationship content of procedure 𝑅 is single-valued. The double converse allows to simply apply this syntax in place of Frege's even though the original never explicitly limited discussion of propositional statements which vary on two variables to relations.

dffrege115 44420 through frege133 44438 develop this and how functions relate to transitive and transitive-reflexive closures.

Theorem

dffrege115 44420*

If from the circumstance that 𝑐 is a result of an application of the procedure 𝑅 to 𝑏, whatever 𝑏 may be, it can be inferred that every result of an application of the procedure 𝑅 to 𝑏 is the same as 𝑐, then we say : "The procedure 𝑅 is single-valued". Definition 115 of [Frege1879] p. 77. (Contributed by RP, 7-Jul-2020.)

⊢ (∀𝑐∀𝑏(𝑏𝑅𝑐 → ∀𝑎(𝑏𝑅𝑎 → 𝑎 = 𝑐)) ↔ Fun ^◡◡𝑅)

Theorem

frege116 44421*

One direction of dffrege115 44420. Proposition 116 of [Frege1879] p. 77. (Contributed by RP, 8-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑈    ⇒   ⊢ (Fun ^◡◡𝑅 → ∀𝑏(𝑏𝑅𝑋 → ∀𝑎(𝑏𝑅𝑎 → 𝑎 = 𝑋)))

Theorem

frege117 44422*

Lemma for frege118 44423. Proposition 117 of [Frege1879] p. 78. (Contributed by RP, 8-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑈    ⇒   ⊢ ((∀𝑏(𝑏𝑅𝑋 → ∀𝑎(𝑏𝑅𝑎 → 𝑎 = 𝑋)) → (𝑌𝑅𝑋 → ∀𝑎(𝑌𝑅𝑎 → 𝑎 = 𝑋))) → (Fun ^◡◡𝑅 → (𝑌𝑅𝑋 → ∀𝑎(𝑌𝑅𝑎 → 𝑎 = 𝑋))))

Theorem

frege118 44423*

Simplified application of one direction of dffrege115 44420. Proposition 118 of [Frege1879] p. 78. (Contributed by RP, 8-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑈    &   ⊢ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑉    ⇒   ⊢ (Fun ^◡◡𝑅 → (𝑌𝑅𝑋 → ∀𝑎(𝑌𝑅𝑎 → 𝑎 = 𝑋)))

Theorem

frege119 44424*

Lemma for frege120 44425. Proposition 119 of [Frege1879] p. 78. (Contributed by RP, 8-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑈    &   ⊢ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑉    ⇒   ⊢ ((∀𝑎(𝑌𝑅𝑎 → 𝑎 = 𝑋) → (𝑌𝑅𝐴 → 𝐴 = 𝑋)) → (Fun ^◡◡𝑅 → (𝑌𝑅𝑋 → (𝑌𝑅𝐴 → 𝐴 = 𝑋))))

Theorem

frege120 44425

Simplified application of one direction of dffrege115 44420. Proposition 120 of [Frege1879] p. 78. (Contributed by RP, 8-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑈    &   ⊢ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑉    &   ⊢ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑊    ⇒   ⊢ (Fun ^◡◡𝑅 → (𝑌𝑅𝑋 → (𝑌𝑅𝐴 → 𝐴 = 𝑋)))

Theorem

frege121 44426

Lemma for frege122 44427. Proposition 121 of [Frege1879] p. 79. (Contributed by RP, 8-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑈    &   ⊢ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑉    &   ⊢ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑊    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 = 𝑋 → 𝑋((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝐴) → (Fun ^◡◡𝑅 → (𝑌𝑅𝑋 → (𝑌𝑅𝐴 → 𝑋((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝐴))))

Theorem

frege122 44427

If 𝑋 is a result of an application of the single-valued procedure 𝑅 to 𝑌, then every result of an application of the procedure 𝑅 to 𝑌 belongs to the 𝑅-sequence beginning with 𝑋. Proposition 122 of [Frege1879] p. 79. (Contributed by RP, 8-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑈    &   ⊢ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑉    &   ⊢ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑊    ⇒   ⊢ (Fun ^◡◡𝑅 → (𝑌𝑅𝑋 → (𝑌𝑅𝐴 → 𝑋((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝐴)))

Theorem

frege123 44428*

Lemma for frege124 44429. Proposition 123 of [Frege1879] p. 79. (Contributed by RP, 8-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑈    &   ⊢ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑉    ⇒   ⊢ ((∀𝑎(𝑌𝑅𝑎 → 𝑋((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑎) → (𝑌(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → 𝑋((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑀)) → (Fun ^◡◡𝑅 → (𝑌𝑅𝑋 → (𝑌(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → 𝑋((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑀))))

Theorem

frege124 44429

If 𝑋 is a result of an application of the single-valued procedure 𝑅 to 𝑌 and if 𝑀 follows 𝑌 in the 𝑅-sequence, then 𝑀 belongs to the 𝑅-sequence beginning with 𝑋. Proposition 124 of [Frege1879] p. 80. (Contributed by RP, 8-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑈    &   ⊢ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑉    &   ⊢ 𝑀 ∈ 𝑊    &   ⊢ 𝑅 ∈ 𝑆    ⇒   ⊢ (Fun ^◡◡𝑅 → (𝑌𝑅𝑋 → (𝑌(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → 𝑋((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑀)))

Theorem

frege125 44430

Lemma for frege126 44431. Proposition 125 of [Frege1879] p. 81. (Contributed by RP, 9-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑈    &   ⊢ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑉    &   ⊢ 𝑀 ∈ 𝑊    &   ⊢ 𝑅 ∈ 𝑆    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑋((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑀 → (¬ 𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → 𝑀((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑋)) → (Fun ^◡◡𝑅 → (𝑌𝑅𝑋 → (𝑌(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → (¬ 𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → 𝑀((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑋)))))

Theorem

frege126 44431

If 𝑀 follows 𝑌 in the 𝑅-sequence and if the procedure 𝑅 is single-valued, then every result of an application of the procedure 𝑅 to 𝑌 belongs to the 𝑅-sequence beginning with 𝑀 or precedes 𝑀 in the 𝑅-sequence. Proposition 126 of [Frege1879] p. 81. (Contributed by RP, 9-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑈    &   ⊢ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑉    &   ⊢ 𝑀 ∈ 𝑊    &   ⊢ 𝑅 ∈ 𝑆    ⇒   ⊢ (Fun ^◡◡𝑅 → (𝑌𝑅𝑋 → (𝑌(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → (¬ 𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → 𝑀((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑋))))

Theorem

frege127 44432

Communte antecedents of frege126 44431. Proposition 127 of [Frege1879] p. 82. (Contributed by RP, 9-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑈    &   ⊢ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑉    &   ⊢ 𝑀 ∈ 𝑊    &   ⊢ 𝑅 ∈ 𝑆    ⇒   ⊢ (Fun ^◡◡𝑅 → (𝑌(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → (𝑌𝑅𝑋 → (¬ 𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → 𝑀((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑋))))

Theorem

frege128 44433

Lemma for frege129 44434. Proposition 128 of [Frege1879] p. 83. (Contributed by RP, 9-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑈    &   ⊢ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑉    &   ⊢ 𝑀 ∈ 𝑊    &   ⊢ 𝑅 ∈ 𝑆    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑀((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑌 → (𝑌𝑅𝑋 → (¬ 𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → 𝑀((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑋))) → (Fun ^◡◡𝑅 → ((¬ 𝑌(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → 𝑀((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑌) → (𝑌𝑅𝑋 → (¬ 𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → 𝑀((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑋)))))

Theorem

frege129 44434

If the procedure 𝑅 is single-valued and 𝑌 belongs to the 𝑅 -sequence beginning with 𝑀 or precedes 𝑀 in the 𝑅-sequence, then every result of an application of the procedure 𝑅 to 𝑌 belongs to the 𝑅-sequence beginning with 𝑀 or precedes 𝑀 in the 𝑅-sequence. Proposition 129 of [Frege1879] p. 83. (Contributed by RP, 9-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑈    &   ⊢ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑉    &   ⊢ 𝑀 ∈ 𝑊    &   ⊢ 𝑅 ∈ 𝑆    ⇒   ⊢ (Fun ^◡◡𝑅 → ((¬ 𝑌(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → 𝑀((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑌) → (𝑌𝑅𝑋 → (¬ 𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → 𝑀((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑋))))

Theorem

frege130 44435*

Lemma for frege131 44436. Proposition 130 of [Frege1879] p. 84. (Contributed by RP, 9-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑀 ∈ 𝑈    &   ⊢ 𝑅 ∈ 𝑉    ⇒   ⊢ ((∀𝑏((¬ 𝑏(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → 𝑀((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑏) → ∀𝑎(𝑏𝑅𝑎 → (¬ 𝑎(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → 𝑀((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑎))) → 𝑅 hereditary ((^◡(t+‘𝑅) “ {𝑀}) ∪ (((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I ) “ {𝑀}))) → (Fun ^◡◡𝑅 → 𝑅 hereditary ((^◡(t+‘𝑅) “ {𝑀}) ∪ (((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I ) “ {𝑀}))))

Theorem

frege131 44436

If the procedure 𝑅 is single-valued, then the property of belonging to the 𝑅-sequence beginning with 𝑀 or preceeding 𝑀 in the 𝑅-sequence is hereditary in the 𝑅-sequence. Proposition 131 of [Frege1879] p. 85. (Contributed by RP, 9-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑀 ∈ 𝑈    &   ⊢ 𝑅 ∈ 𝑉    ⇒   ⊢ (Fun ^◡◡𝑅 → 𝑅 hereditary ((^◡(t+‘𝑅) “ {𝑀}) ∪ (((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I ) “ {𝑀})))

Theorem

frege132 44437

Lemma for frege133 44438. Proposition 132 of [Frege1879] p. 86. (Contributed by RP, 9-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑀 ∈ 𝑈    &   ⊢ 𝑅 ∈ 𝑉    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 hereditary ((^◡(t+‘𝑅) “ {𝑀}) ∪ (((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I ) “ {𝑀})) → (𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → (𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑌 → (¬ 𝑌(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → 𝑀((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑌)))) → (Fun ^◡◡𝑅 → (𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → (𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑌 → (¬ 𝑌(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → 𝑀((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑌)))))

Theorem

frege133 44438

If the procedure 𝑅 is single-valued and if 𝑀 and 𝑌 follow 𝑋 in the 𝑅-sequence, then 𝑌 belongs to the 𝑅-sequence beginning with 𝑀 or precedes 𝑀 in the 𝑅-sequence. Proposition 133 of [Frege1879] p. 86. (Contributed by RP, 9-Jul-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)

⊢ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑈    &   ⊢ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑉    &   ⊢ 𝑀 ∈ 𝑊    &   ⊢ 𝑅 ∈ 𝑆    ⇒   ⊢ (Fun ^◡◡𝑅 → (𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → (𝑋(t+‘𝑅)𝑌 → (¬ 𝑌(t+‘𝑅)𝑀 → 𝑀((t+‘𝑅) ∪ I )𝑌))))

21.36.7  Exploring Topology via Seifert and Threlfall

See Seifert and Threlfall: A Textbook Of Topology (1980) which is an English translation of Lehrbuch der Topologie (1934).

21.36.7.1  Equinumerosity of sets of relations and maps

Because ((2_o ↑_m 𝐵) ↑_m 𝐴) ≈ (2_o ↑_m (𝐴 × 𝐵)) ≈ ((2_o ↑_m 𝐴) ↑_m 𝐵) is an instance of the law of exponents: ((𝐶 ↑_m 𝐵) ↑_m 𝐴) ≈ (𝐶 ↑_m (𝐴 × 𝐵)) ≈ ((𝐶 ↑_m 𝐴) ↑_m 𝐵) we are led to see that (𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝐴) ≈ 𝒫 (𝐴 × 𝐵) ≈ (𝒫 𝐴 ↑_m 𝐵) is true for any two sets, 𝐴 and 𝐵, and thus there exist one-to-one onto relations between each of these three sets of relations.

Theorem

enrelmap 44439

The set of all possible relations between two sets is equinumerous to the set of all mappings from one set to the powerset of the other. See rfovf1od 44448 for a demonstration of a natural one-to-one onto mapping. (Contributed by RP, 27-Apr-2021.)

⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊) → 𝒫 (𝐴 × 𝐵) ≈ (𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝐴))

Theorem

enrelmapr 44440

The set of all possible relations between two sets is equinumerous to the set of all mappings from one set to the powerset of the other. (Contributed by RP, 27-Apr-2021.)

⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊) → 𝒫 (𝐴 × 𝐵) ≈ (𝒫 𝐴 ↑_m 𝐵))

Theorem

enmappw 44441

The set of all mappings from one set to the powerset of the other is equinumerous to the set of all mappings from the second set to the powerset of the first. (Contributed by RP, 27-Apr-2021.)

⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊) → (𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝐴) ≈ (𝒫 𝐴 ↑_m 𝐵))

Theorem

enmappwid 44442

The set of all mappings from the powerset to the powerset is equinumerous to the set of all mappings from the set to the powerset of the powerset. (Contributed by RP, 27-Apr-2021.)

⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝒫 𝐴 ↑_m 𝒫 𝐴) ≈ (𝒫 𝒫 𝐴 ↑_m 𝐴))

Theorem

rfovd 44443*

Value of the operator, (𝐴𝑂𝐵), which maps between relations and functions for relations between base sets, 𝐴 and 𝐵. (Contributed by RP, 25-Apr-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑎 ∈ V, 𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑟 ∈ 𝒫 (𝑎 × 𝑏) ↦ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑎 ↦ {𝑦 ∈ 𝑏 ∣ 𝑥𝑟𝑦})))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴𝑂𝐵) = (𝑟 ∈ 𝒫 (𝐴 × 𝐵) ↦ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ {𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ∣ 𝑥𝑟𝑦})))

Theorem

rfovfvd 44444*

Value of the operator, (𝐴𝑂𝐵), which maps between relations and functions for relations between base sets, 𝐴 and 𝐵, and relation 𝑅. (Contributed by RP, 25-Apr-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑎 ∈ V, 𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑟 ∈ 𝒫 (𝑎 × 𝑏) ↦ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑎 ↦ {𝑦 ∈ 𝑏 ∣ 𝑥𝑟𝑦})))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ 𝒫 (𝐴 × 𝐵))    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝐴𝑂𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹‘𝑅) = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ {𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ∣ 𝑥𝑅𝑦}))

Theorem

rfovfvfvd 44445*

Value of the operator, (𝐴𝑂𝐵), which maps between relations and functions for relations between base sets, 𝐴 and 𝐵, relation 𝑅, and left element 𝑋. (Contributed by RP, 25-Apr-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑎 ∈ V, 𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑟 ∈ 𝒫 (𝑎 × 𝑏) ↦ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑎 ↦ {𝑦 ∈ 𝑏 ∣ 𝑥𝑟𝑦})))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ 𝒫 (𝐴 × 𝐵))    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝐴𝑂𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝐹‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺‘𝑋) = {𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ∣ 𝑋𝑅𝑦})

Theorem

rfovcnvf1od 44446*

Properties of the operator, (𝐴𝑂𝐵), which maps between relations and functions for relations between base sets, 𝐴 and 𝐵. (Contributed by RP, 27-Apr-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑎 ∈ V, 𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑟 ∈ 𝒫 (𝑎 × 𝑏) ↦ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑎 ↦ {𝑦 ∈ 𝑏 ∣ 𝑥𝑟𝑦})))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝐴𝑂𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹:𝒫 (𝐴 × 𝐵)–1-1-onto→(𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝐴) ∧ ^◡𝐹 = (𝑓 ∈ (𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝐴) ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑓‘𝑥))})))

Theorem

rfovcnvd 44447*

Value of the converse of the operator, (𝐴𝑂𝐵), which maps between relations and functions for relations between base sets, 𝐴 and 𝐵. (Contributed by RP, 27-Apr-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑎 ∈ V, 𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑟 ∈ 𝒫 (𝑎 × 𝑏) ↦ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑎 ↦ {𝑦 ∈ 𝑏 ∣ 𝑥𝑟𝑦})))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝐴𝑂𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ^◡𝐹 = (𝑓 ∈ (𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝐴) ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑓‘𝑥))}))

Theorem

rfovf1od 44448*

The value of the operator, (𝐴𝑂𝐵), which maps between relations and functions for relations between base sets, 𝐴 and 𝐵, is a bijection. (Contributed by RP, 27-Apr-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑎 ∈ V, 𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑟 ∈ 𝒫 (𝑎 × 𝑏) ↦ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑎 ↦ {𝑦 ∈ 𝑏 ∣ 𝑥𝑟𝑦})))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝐴𝑂𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝒫 (𝐴 × 𝐵)–1-1-onto→(𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝐴))

Theorem

rfovcnvfvd 44449*

Value of the converse of the operator, (𝐴𝑂𝐵), which maps between relations and functions for relations between base sets, 𝐴 and 𝐵, evaluated at function 𝐺. (Contributed by RP, 27-Apr-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑎 ∈ V, 𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑟 ∈ 𝒫 (𝑎 × 𝑏) ↦ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑎 ↦ {𝑦 ∈ 𝑏 ∣ 𝑥𝑟𝑦})))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝐴𝑂𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ (𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝐴))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (^◡𝐹‘𝐺) = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝐺‘𝑥))})

Theorem

fsovd 44450*

Value of the operator, (𝐴𝑂𝐵), which maps between maps from one base set to subsets of the second to maps from the second base set to subsets of the first for base sets, 𝐴 and 𝐵. (Contributed by RP, 25-Apr-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑎 ∈ V, 𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑓 ∈ (𝒫 𝑏 ↑_m 𝑎) ↦ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑏 ↦ {𝑥 ∈ 𝑎 ∣ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑓‘𝑥)})))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴𝑂𝐵) = (𝑓 ∈ (𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝐴) ↦ (𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑓‘𝑥)})))

Theorem

fsovrfovd 44451*

The operator which gives a 1-to-1 a mapping to a subset and a reverse mapping from elements can be composed from the operator which gives a 1-to-1 mapping between relations and functions to subsets and the converse operator. (Contributed by RP, 15-May-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑎 ∈ V, 𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑓 ∈ (𝒫 𝑏 ↑_m 𝑎) ↦ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑏 ↦ {𝑥 ∈ 𝑎 ∣ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑓‘𝑥)})))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (𝑎 ∈ V, 𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑟 ∈ 𝒫 (𝑎 × 𝑏) ↦ (𝑢 ∈ 𝑎 ↦ {𝑣 ∈ 𝑏 ∣ 𝑢𝑟𝑣})))    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑎 ∈ V, 𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 (𝑎 × 𝑏) ↦ ^◡𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴𝑂𝐵) = ((𝐵𝑅𝐴) ∘ ((𝐴𝐶𝐵) ∘ ^◡(𝐴𝑅𝐵))))

Theorem

fsovfvd 44452*

Value of the operator, (𝐴𝑂𝐵), which maps between maps from one base set to subsets of the second to maps from the second base set to subsets of the first for base sets, 𝐴 and 𝐵, when applied to function 𝐹. (Contributed by RP, 25-Apr-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑎 ∈ V, 𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑓 ∈ (𝒫 𝑏 ↑_m 𝑎) ↦ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑏 ↦ {𝑥 ∈ 𝑎 ∣ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑓‘𝑥)})))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝐴𝑂𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝐴))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺‘𝐹) = (𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝑦 ∈ (𝐹‘𝑥)}))

Theorem

fsovfvfvd 44453*

Value of the operator, (𝐴𝑂𝐵), which maps between maps from one base set to subsets of the second to maps from the second base set to subsets of the first for base sets, 𝐴 and 𝐵, when applied to function 𝐹 and element 𝑌. (Contributed by RP, 25-Apr-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑎 ∈ V, 𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑓 ∈ (𝒫 𝑏 ↑_m 𝑎) ↦ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑏 ↦ {𝑥 ∈ 𝑎 ∣ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑓‘𝑥)})))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝐴𝑂𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝐴))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝐺‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐻‘𝑌) = {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝑌 ∈ (𝐹‘𝑥)})

Theorem

fsovfd 44454*

The operator, (𝐴𝑂𝐵), which maps between maps from one base set to subsets of the second to maps from the second base set to subsets of the first for base sets, 𝐴 and 𝐵, gives a function between two sets of functions. (Contributed by RP, 27-Apr-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑎 ∈ V, 𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑓 ∈ (𝒫 𝑏 ↑_m 𝑎) ↦ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑏 ↦ {𝑥 ∈ 𝑎 ∣ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑓‘𝑥)})))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝐴𝑂𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:(𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝐴)⟶(𝒫 𝐴 ↑_m 𝐵))

Theorem

fsovcnvlem 44455*

The 𝑂 operator, which maps between maps from one base set to subsets of the second to maps from the second base set to subsets of the first for base sets, gives a family of functions that include their own inverse. (Contributed by RP, 27-Apr-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑎 ∈ V, 𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑓 ∈ (𝒫 𝑏 ↑_m 𝑎) ↦ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑏 ↦ {𝑥 ∈ 𝑎 ∣ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑓‘𝑥)})))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝐴𝑂𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝐵𝑂𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐻 ∘ 𝐺) = ( I ↾ (𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝐴)))

Theorem

fsovcnvd 44456*

The value of the converse (𝐴𝑂𝐵) is (𝐵𝑂𝐴), where 𝑂 is the operator which maps between maps from one base set to subsets of the second to maps from the second base set to subsets of the first for base sets, gives a family of functions that include their own inverse. (Contributed by RP, 27-Apr-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑎 ∈ V, 𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑓 ∈ (𝒫 𝑏 ↑_m 𝑎) ↦ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑏 ↦ {𝑥 ∈ 𝑎 ∣ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑓‘𝑥)})))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝐴𝑂𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝐵𝑂𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ^◡𝐺 = 𝐻)

Theorem

fsovcnvfvd 44457*

The value of the converse of (𝐴𝑂𝐵), where 𝑂 is the operator which maps between maps from one base set to subsets of the second to maps from the second base set to subsets of the first for base sets, evaluated at function 𝐹. (Contributed by RP, 27-Apr-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑎 ∈ V, 𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑓 ∈ (𝒫 𝑏 ↑_m 𝑎) ↦ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑏 ↦ {𝑥 ∈ 𝑎 ∣ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑓‘𝑥)})))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝐴𝑂𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝒫 𝐴 ↑_m 𝐵))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (^◡𝐺‘𝐹) = (𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∣ 𝑦 ∈ (𝐹‘𝑥)}))

Theorem

fsovf1od 44458*

The value of (𝐴𝑂𝐵) is a bijection, where 𝑂 is the operator which maps between maps from one base set to subsets of the second to maps from the second base set to subsets of the first for base sets. (Contributed by RP, 27-Apr-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑎 ∈ V, 𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑓 ∈ (𝒫 𝑏 ↑_m 𝑎) ↦ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑏 ↦ {𝑥 ∈ 𝑎 ∣ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑓‘𝑥)})))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝐴𝑂𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:(𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝐴)–1-1-onto→(𝒫 𝐴 ↑_m 𝐵))

Theorem

dssmapfvd 44459*

Value of the duality operator for self-mappings of subsets of a base set, 𝐵. (Contributed by RP, 19-Apr-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑓 ∈ (𝒫 𝑏 ↑_m 𝒫 𝑏) ↦ (𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝑏 ↦ (𝑏 ∖ (𝑓‘(𝑏 ∖ 𝑠))))))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑂‘𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 = (𝑓 ∈ (𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝒫 𝐵) ↦ (𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵 ↦ (𝐵 ∖ (𝑓‘(𝐵 ∖ 𝑠))))))

Theorem

dssmapfv2d 44460*

Value of the duality operator for self-mappings of subsets of a base set, 𝐵 when applied to function 𝐹. (Contributed by RP, 19-Apr-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑓 ∈ (𝒫 𝑏 ↑_m 𝒫 𝑏) ↦ (𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝑏 ↦ (𝑏 ∖ (𝑓‘(𝑏 ∖ 𝑠))))))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑂‘𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝒫 𝐵))    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝐷‘𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 = (𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵 ↦ (𝐵 ∖ (𝐹‘(𝐵 ∖ 𝑠)))))

Theorem

dssmapfv3d 44461*

Value of the duality operator for self-mappings of subsets of a base set, 𝐵 when applied to function 𝐹 and subset 𝑆. (Contributed by RP, 19-Apr-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑓 ∈ (𝒫 𝑏 ↑_m 𝒫 𝑏) ↦ (𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝑏 ↦ (𝑏 ∖ (𝑓‘(𝑏 ∖ 𝑠))))))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑂‘𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝒫 𝐵))    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝐷‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐺‘𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 = (𝐵 ∖ (𝐹‘(𝐵 ∖ 𝑆))))

Theorem

dssmapnvod 44462*

For any base set 𝐵 the duality operator for self-mappings of subsets of that base set is its own inverse, an involution. (Contributed by RP, 20-Apr-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑓 ∈ (𝒫 𝑏 ↑_m 𝒫 𝑏) ↦ (𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝑏 ↦ (𝑏 ∖ (𝑓‘(𝑏 ∖ 𝑠))))))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑂‘𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ^◡𝐷 = 𝐷)

Theorem

dssmapf1od 44463*

For any base set 𝐵 the duality operator for self-mappings of subsets of that base set is one-to-one and onto. (Contributed by RP, 21-Apr-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑓 ∈ (𝒫 𝑏 ↑_m 𝒫 𝑏) ↦ (𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝑏 ↦ (𝑏 ∖ (𝑓‘(𝑏 ∖ 𝑠))))))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑂‘𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷:(𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝒫 𝐵)–1-1-onto→(𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝒫 𝐵))

Theorem

dssmap2d 44464*

For any base set 𝐵 the duality operator for self-mappings of subsets of that base set when composed with itself is the restricted identity operator. (Contributed by RP, 21-Apr-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑏 ∈ V ↦ (𝑓 ∈ (𝒫 𝑏 ↑_m 𝒫 𝑏) ↦ (𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝑏 ↦ (𝑏 ∖ (𝑓‘(𝑏 ∖ 𝑠))))))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑂‘𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐷 ∘ 𝐷) = ( I ↾ (𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝒫 𝐵)))

21.36.7.2  Generic Pseudoclosure Spaces, Pseudointerior Spaces, and Pseudoneighborhoods

For any base set, 𝐵, an arbitrary mapping of subsets to subsets can be called a pseudoclosure (pseudointerior) function, 𝐾, with its dual of a pseudointerior (pseudoclosure), 𝐼, related by the involution in dssmapfvd 44459. As 𝐾 gains properties of the closure (interior) function of a topology on 𝐵, so does its dual gain corresponding properties of the interior (closure) function of that topology.

As (𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝒫 𝐵) ≈ (𝒫 𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝐵) there is also a natural isomorphism which maps from 𝐼 to 𝑁 (and likewise for 𝐾 and 𝑀, introduced below) which identically gains the properties of the neighborhood function of a topology (modified and restricted to operate on single points). A function dual to 𝑁, which Stadler and Stadler refer to as a convergent function, is represented by 𝑀 in this section.

Based on this and the early treatment of topology in Seifert and Threlfall, it seems reasonable to define a pseudotopology as defined in terms of its base set and one of these functions with theorems treating the equivalence of the other definitions and adding topological structure if enough properties hold true.

	Neighborhoods		Interior		Closure		Convergents	Theorems
Functions	𝑁 ∈ (𝒫 𝒫 𝐵 ↑m 𝐵)		𝐼 ∈ (𝒫 𝐵 ↑m 𝒫 𝐵)		𝐾 ∈ (𝒫 𝐵 ↑m 𝒫 𝐵)		𝑀 ∈ (𝒫 𝒫 𝐵 ↑m 𝐵)
Correspondences (assuming (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑆 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵))	𝑆 ∈ (𝑁‘𝑋)	↔	𝑋 ∈ (𝐼‘𝑆)	↔	¬ 𝑋 ∈ (𝐾‘(𝐵 ∖ 𝑆))	↔	¬ (𝐵 ∖ 𝑆) ∈ (𝑀‘𝑋)	ntrclselnel1 44499, ntrneiel 44523, neicvgel1 44561
	¬ (𝐵 ∖ 𝑆) ∈ (𝑁‘𝑋)	↔	¬ 𝑋 ∈ (𝐼‘(𝐵 ∖ 𝑆))	↔	𝑋 ∈ (𝐾‘𝑆)	↔	𝑆 ∈ (𝑀‘𝑋)
Neighborhoods	(𝑁‘𝑋)	=	{𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵 ∣ 𝑋 ∈ (𝐼‘𝑠)}	=	{𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵 ∣ ¬ 𝑋 ∈ (𝐾‘(𝐵 ∖ 𝑠))}	=	{𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵 ∣ ¬ (𝐵 ∖ 𝑠) ∈ (𝑀‘𝑋)}	ntrneifv3 44524, clsneifv3 44552, neicvgfv 44563
Interior	{𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∣ 𝑆 ∈ (𝑁‘𝑥)}	=	(𝐼‘𝑆)	=	(𝐵 ∖ (𝐾‘(𝐵 ∖ 𝑆)))	=	{𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∣ ¬ (𝐵 ∖ 𝑆) ∈ (𝑀‘𝑥)}	ntrneifv4 44527, ntrclsfv 44501, clsneifv4 44553
Closure	{𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∣ ¬ (𝐵 ∖ 𝑆) ∈ (𝑁‘𝑥)}	=	(𝐵 ∖ (𝐼‘(𝐵 ∖ 𝑆)))	=	(𝐾‘𝑆)	=	{𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∣ 𝑆 ∈ (𝑀‘𝑥)}	clsneifv4 44553, ntrclsfv 44501, ntrneifv4 44527
Convergents	{𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵 ∣ ¬ (𝐵 ∖ 𝑠) ∈ (𝑁‘𝑋)}	=	{𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵 ∣ ¬ 𝑋 ∈ (𝐼‘(𝐵 ∖ 𝑠))}	=	{𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵 ∣ 𝑋 ∈ (𝐾‘𝑠)}	=	(𝑀‘𝑋)	neicvgfv 44563, clsneifv3 44552, ntrneifv3 44524

We have the following table of equivalences to axioms largely established by Kuratowski. In the formulas in this table, to reduce the width of the columns, if any of the variables 𝑥, 𝑠, or 𝑡 are used, then they are implicitly universally quantified and 𝑥 (respectively 𝑠 and 𝑡) ranges over 𝐵 (respectively 𝒫 𝐵 and 𝒫 𝐵).

Assuming a prefix of: ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵∀𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵∀𝑡 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵	Neighborhoods	Interior	Closure	Convergents	Equivalence Theorems
K0' Neighborhoods are nonempty.	(𝑁‘𝑥) ≠ ∅	∃𝑢 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵𝑥 ∈ (𝐼‘𝑢)	∃𝑢 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵¬ 𝑥 ∈ (𝐾‘𝑢)	(𝑀‘𝑥) ≠ 𝒫 𝐵	ntrclsneine0 44507, ntrneineine0 44529, ntrneineine1 44530
KA' No neighborhood is equal to the full powerset.	(𝑁‘𝑥) ≠ 𝒫 𝐵	∃𝑢 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵¬ 𝑥 ∈ (𝐼‘𝑢)	∃𝑢 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵𝑥 ∈ (𝐾‘𝑢)	(𝑀‘𝑥) ≠ ∅	ntrclsneine0 44507, ntrneineine0 44529, ntrneineine1 44530
K0 Preservation of the Nullary Union of Closures	𝐵 ∈ (𝑁‘𝑥)	(𝐼‘𝐵) = 𝐵	(𝐾‘∅) = ∅	¬ ∅ ∈ (𝑀‘𝑥)	ntrclscls00 44508, ntrneicls00 44531, ntrneicls11 44532
KA Preservation of the Nullary Union of Interiors	¬ ∅ ∈ (𝑁‘𝑥)	(𝐼‘∅) = ∅	(𝐾‘𝐵) = 𝐵	𝐵 ∈ (𝑀‘𝑥)	ntrclscls00 44508, ntrneicls00 44531, ntrneicls11 44532
K1 Isotonic Montonic	((𝑠 ∈ (𝑁‘𝑥) ∧ 𝑠 ⊆ 𝑡) → 𝑡 ∈ (𝑁‘𝑥))	(𝑠 ⊆ 𝑡 → (𝐼‘𝑠) ⊆ (𝐼‘𝑡)) — or — ((𝐼‘𝑠) ∪ (𝐼‘𝑡)) ⊆ (𝐼‘(𝑠 ∪ 𝑡)) — or — (𝐼‘(𝑠 ∩ 𝑡)) ⊆ ((𝐼‘𝑠) ∩ (𝐼‘𝑡))	(𝑠 ⊆ 𝑡 → (𝐾‘𝑠) ⊆ (𝐾‘𝑡)) — or — ((𝐾‘𝑠) ∪ (𝐾‘𝑡)) ⊆ (𝐾‘(𝑠 ∪ 𝑡)) — or — (𝐾‘(𝑠 ∩ 𝑡)) ⊆ ((𝐾‘𝑠) ∩ (𝐾‘𝑡))	((𝑠 ∈ (𝑀‘𝑥) ∧ 𝑠 ⊆ 𝑡) → 𝑡 ∈ (𝑀‘𝑥))	isotone1 44490, isotone2 44491, ntrclsiso 44509, ntrneiiso 44533
K2 Closure is Expansive	(𝑠 ∈ (𝑁‘𝑥) → 𝑥 ∈ 𝑠)	(𝐼‘𝑠) ⊆ 𝑠	𝑠 ⊆ (𝐾‘𝑠)	(𝑥 ∈ 𝑠 → 𝑠 ∈ (𝑀‘𝑥))	ntrclsk2 44510, ntrneik2 44534, ntrneix2 44535
KB Non-disjoint Neighborhoods	((𝑠 ∈ (𝑁‘𝑥) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ (𝑁‘𝑥)) → (𝑠 ∩ 𝑡) ≠ ∅)	((𝑠 ∩ 𝑡) = ∅ → ((𝐼‘𝑠) ∩ (𝐼‘𝑡)) = ∅)	((𝑠 ∪ 𝑡) = 𝐵 → ((𝐾‘𝑠) ∪ (𝐾‘𝑡)) = 𝐵)	((𝑠 ∪ 𝑡) = 𝐵 → (𝑠 ∈ (𝑀‘𝑥) ∨ 𝑡 ∈ (𝑀‘𝑥)))	ntrclskb 44511, ntrneikb 44536, ntrneixb 44537
K3 Closure is Sub-linear	((𝑠 ∈ (𝑁‘𝑥) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ (𝑁‘𝑥)) → (𝑠 ∩ 𝑡) ∈ (𝑁‘𝑥))	((𝐼‘𝑠) ∩ (𝐼‘𝑡)) ⊆ (𝐼‘(𝑠 ∩ 𝑡))	(𝐾‘(𝑠 ∪ 𝑡)) ⊆ ((𝐾‘𝑠) ∪ (𝐾‘𝑡))	((𝑠 ∪ 𝑡) ∈ (𝑀‘𝑥) → (𝑠 ∈ (𝑀‘𝑥) ∨ 𝑡 ∈ (𝑀‘𝑥)))	ntrclsk3 44512, ntrneik3 44538, ntrneix3 44539
K13 Closure is finitely linear	((𝑠 ∩ 𝑡) ∈ (𝑁‘𝑥) ↔ (𝑠 ∈ (𝑁‘𝑥) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ (𝑁‘𝑥)))	(𝐼‘(𝑠 ∩ 𝑡)) = ((𝐼‘𝑠) ∩ (𝐼‘𝑡))	(𝐾‘(𝑠 ∪ 𝑡)) = ((𝐾‘𝑠) ∪ (𝐾‘𝑡))	((𝑠 ∪ 𝑡) ∈ (𝑀‘𝑥) ↔ (𝑠 ∈ (𝑀‘𝑥) ∨ 𝑡 ∈ (𝑀‘𝑥)))	ntrclsk13 44513, ntrneik13 44540, ntrneix13 44541
K4 Closure is idempotent	(𝑠 ∈ (𝑁‘𝑥) ↔ ∃𝑢 ∈ (𝑁‘𝑥)∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑦 ∈ 𝑢 ↔ 𝑠 ∈ (𝑁‘𝑦)))	(𝐼‘(𝐼‘𝑠)) = (𝐼‘𝑠)	(𝐾‘(𝐾‘𝑠)) = (𝐾‘𝑠)	(𝑠 ∈ (𝑀‘𝑥) ↔ ∃𝑢 ∈ (𝑀‘𝑥)∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑦 ∈ 𝑢 ↔ 𝑠 ∈ (𝑀‘𝑦)))	ntrclsk4 44514, ntrneik4 44543

Using these properties as axiomic constraints on the functions, certain collections of them give rise to named spaces.

Space	Foundational Axioms	Derived Axioms	Theorems
Csázár Generalized Neighborhood Space	K2	KA', KA, KB	ntrk2imkb 44479, ntrkbimka 44480, neik0imk0p 44478
Min Strong Generalized Neighborhood Space	K2, K3	KA', KA, KB	ntrk2imkb 44479, ntrkbimka 44480, neik0imk0p 44478
Gniłka Extended Topology	K0', K1	K0	neik0pk1imk0 44489
Brissaud Space	K0, K2	K0', KA', KA, KB	neik0imk0p 44478, ntrk2imkb 44479, ntrkbimka 44480
Neighborhood Space	K0', K1, K2	K0, KA', KA, KB	neik0pk1imk0 44489, ntrk2imkb 44479, ntrkbimka 44480, neik0imk0p 44478
Davey and Priestley Intersection Structure	K1, K4
Moore Closure Space	K1, K2, K4	KA', KA, KB	ntrk2imkb 44479, ntrkbimka 44480, neik0imk0p 44478
Convex Closure Space	K0', K1, K2, K4	K0, KA', KA, KB	neik0pk1imk0 44489, ntrk2imkb 44479, ntrkbimka 44480, neik0imk0p 44478
Smyth Neighborhood Space	K0', K13	K0, K1, K3	neik0pk1imk0 44489, ntrk1k3eqk13 44492
Čech Closure Space Pretopological Space	K0', K2, K13	K0, K1, KA', KA, KB, K3	neik0pk1imk0 44489, ntrk2imkb 44479, ntrkbimka 44480, neik0imk0p 44478, ntrk1k3eqk13 44492
Topological Space	K0', K2, K13, K4	K0, K1, KA', KA, KB, K3	neik0pk1imk0 44489, ntrk2imkb 44479, ntrkbimka 44480, neik0imk0p 44478, ntrk1k3eqk13 44492
Alexandroff Space	K0', K2, K5	K0, K1, KA', KA, KB, K3, K13	neik0pk1imk0 44489, ntrk2imkb 44479, ntrkbimka 44480, neik0imk0p 44478, ntrk1k3eqk13 44492, TBD
Alexandroff Topological Space	K0', K2, K4, K5	K0, K1, KA', KA, KB, K3, K13	neik0pk1imk0 44489, ntrk2imkb 44479, ntrkbimka 44480, neik0imk0p 44478, ntrk1k3eqk13 44492, TBD

Theorem

or3or 44465

Decompose disjunction into three cases. (Contributed by RP, 5-Jul-2021.)

⊢ ((𝜑 ∨ 𝜓) ↔ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ∨ (𝜑 ∧ ¬ 𝜓) ∨ (¬ 𝜑 ∧ 𝜓)))

Theorem

andi3or 44466

Distribute over triple disjunction. (Contributed by RP, 5-Jul-2021.)

⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝜓 ∨ 𝜒 ∨ 𝜃)) ↔ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ∨ (𝜑 ∧ 𝜒) ∨ (𝜑 ∧ 𝜃)))

Theorem

uneqsn 44467

If a union of classes is equal to a singleton then at least one class is equal to the singleton while the other may be equal to the empty set. (Contributed by RP, 5-Jul-2021.)

⊢ ((𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = {𝐶} ↔ ((𝐴 = {𝐶} ∧ 𝐵 = {𝐶}) ∨ (𝐴 = {𝐶} ∧ 𝐵 = ∅) ∨ (𝐴 = ∅ ∧ 𝐵 = {𝐶})))

Theorem

brfvimex 44468

If a binary relation holds and the relation is the value of a function, then the argument to that function is a set. (Contributed by RP, 22-May-2021.)

⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴𝑅𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 = (𝐹‘𝐶))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ V)

Theorem

brovmptimex 44469*

If a binary relation holds and the relation is the value of a binary operation built with maps-to, then the arguments to that operation are sets. (Contributed by RP, 22-May-2021.)

⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐸, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐺 ↦ 𝐻)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴𝑅𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 = (𝐶𝐹𝐷))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐶 ∈ V ∧ 𝐷 ∈ V))

Theorem

brovmptimex1 44470*

If a binary relation holds and the relation is the value of a binary operation built with maps-to, then the arguments to that operation are sets. (Contributed by RP, 22-May-2021.)

⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐸, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐺 ↦ 𝐻)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴𝑅𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 = (𝐶𝐹𝐷))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ V)

Theorem

brovmptimex2 44471*

If a binary relation holds and the relation is the value of a binary operation built with maps-to, then the arguments to that operation are sets. (Contributed by RP, 22-May-2021.)

⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐸, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐺 ↦ 𝐻)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴𝑅𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 = (𝐶𝐹𝐷))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ V)

Theorem

brcoffn 44472

Conditions allowing the decomposition of a binary relation. (Contributed by RP, 7-Jun-2021.)

⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 Fn 𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷:𝑋⟶𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴(𝐶 ∘ 𝐷)𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴𝐷(𝐷‘𝐴) ∧ (𝐷‘𝐴)𝐶𝐵))

Theorem

brcofffn 44473

Conditions allowing the decomposition of a binary relation. (Contributed by RP, 8-Jun-2021.)

⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 Fn 𝑍)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷:𝑌⟶𝑍)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐸:𝑋⟶𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴(𝐶 ∘ (𝐷 ∘ 𝐸))𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴𝐸(𝐸‘𝐴) ∧ (𝐸‘𝐴)𝐷(𝐷‘(𝐸‘𝐴)) ∧ (𝐷‘(𝐸‘𝐴))𝐶𝐵))

Theorem

brco2f1o 44474

Conditions allowing the decomposition of a binary relation. (Contributed by RP, 8-Jun-2021.)

⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶:𝑌–1-1-onto→𝑍)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷:𝑋–1-1-onto→𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴(𝐶 ∘ 𝐷)𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((^◡𝐶‘𝐵)𝐶𝐵 ∧ 𝐴𝐷(^◡𝐶‘𝐵)))

Theorem

brco3f1o 44475

Conditions allowing the decomposition of a binary relation. (Contributed by RP, 8-Jun-2021.)

⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶:𝑌–1-1-onto→𝑍)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷:𝑋–1-1-onto→𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐸:𝑊–1-1-onto→𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴(𝐶 ∘ (𝐷 ∘ 𝐸))𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((^◡𝐶‘𝐵)𝐶𝐵 ∧ (^◡𝐷‘(^◡𝐶‘𝐵))𝐷(^◡𝐶‘𝐵) ∧ 𝐴𝐸(^◡𝐷‘(^◡𝐶‘𝐵))))

Theorem

ntrclsbex 44476

If (pseudo-)interior and (pseudo-)closure functions are related by the duality operator then the base set exists. (Contributed by RP, 21-May-2021.)

⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑂‘𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼𝐷𝐾)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ V)

Theorem

ntrclsrcomplex 44477

The relative complement of the class 𝑆 exists as a subset of the base set. (Contributed by RP, 25-Jun-2021.)

⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑂‘𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼𝐷𝐾)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐵 ∖ 𝑆) ∈ 𝒫 𝐵)

Theorem

neik0imk0p 44478

Kuratowski's K0 axiom implies K0'. Neighborhood version. Also a proof the dual KA axiom implies KA' when considering the convergents. (Contributed by RP, 28-Jun-2021.)

⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝐵 ∈ (𝑁‘𝑥) → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑁‘𝑥) ≠ ∅)

Theorem

ntrk2imkb 44479*

If an interior function is contracting, the interiors of disjoint sets are disjoint. Kuratowski's K2 axiom implies KB. Interior version. (Contributed by RP, 9-Jun-2021.)

⊢ (∀𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵(𝐼‘𝑠) ⊆ 𝑠 → ∀𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵∀𝑡 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵((𝑠 ∩ 𝑡) = ∅ → ((𝐼‘𝑠) ∩ (𝐼‘𝑡)) = ∅))

Theorem

ntrkbimka 44480*

If the interiors of disjoint sets are disjoint, then the interior of the empty set is the empty set. (Contributed by RP, 14-Jun-2021.)

⊢ (∀𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵∀𝑡 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵((𝑠 ∩ 𝑡) = ∅ → ((𝐼‘𝑠) ∩ (𝐼‘𝑡)) = ∅) → (𝐼‘∅) = ∅)

Theorem

ntrk0kbimka 44481*

If the interiors of disjoint sets are disjoint and the interior of the base set is the base set, then the interior of the empty set is the empty set. Obsolete version of ntrkbimka 44480. (Contributed by RP, 12-Jun-2021.)

⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐼 ∈ (𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝒫 𝐵)) → (((𝐼‘𝐵) = 𝐵 ∧ ∀𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵∀𝑡 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵((𝑠 ∩ 𝑡) = ∅ → ((𝐼‘𝑠) ∩ (𝐼‘𝑡)) = ∅)) → (𝐼‘∅) = ∅))

Theorem

clsk3nimkb 44482*

If the base set is not empty, axiom K3 does not imply KB. A concrete example with a pseudo-closure function of 𝑘 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝒫 𝑏 ↦ (𝑏 ∖ 𝑥)) is given. (Contributed by RP, 16-Jun-2021.)

⊢ ¬ ∀𝑏∀𝑘 ∈ (𝒫 𝑏 ↑_m 𝒫 𝑏)(∀𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝑏∀𝑡 ∈ 𝒫 𝑏(𝑘‘(𝑠 ∪ 𝑡)) ⊆ ((𝑘‘𝑠) ∪ (𝑘‘𝑡)) → ∀𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝑏∀𝑡 ∈ 𝒫 𝑏((𝑠 ∪ 𝑡) = 𝑏 → ((𝑘‘𝑠) ∪ (𝑘‘𝑡)) = 𝑏))

Theorem

clsk1indlem0 44483

The ansatz closure function (𝑟 ∈ 𝒫 3_o ↦ if(𝑟 = {∅}, {∅, 1_o}, 𝑟)) has the K0 property of preserving the nullary union. (Contributed by RP, 6-Jul-2021.)

⊢ 𝐾 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝒫 3_o ↦ if(𝑟 = {∅}, {∅, 1_o}, 𝑟))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐾‘∅) = ∅

Theorem

clsk1indlem2 44484*

The ansatz closure function (𝑟 ∈ 𝒫 3_o ↦ if(𝑟 = {∅}, {∅, 1_o}, 𝑟)) has the K2 property of expanding. (Contributed by RP, 6-Jul-2021.)

⊢ 𝐾 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝒫 3_o ↦ if(𝑟 = {∅}, {∅, 1_o}, 𝑟))    ⇒   ⊢ ∀𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 3_o𝑠 ⊆ (𝐾‘𝑠)

Theorem

clsk1indlem3 44485*

The ansatz closure function (𝑟 ∈ 𝒫 3_o ↦ if(𝑟 = {∅}, {∅, 1_o}, 𝑟)) has the K3 property of being sub-linear. (Contributed by RP, 6-Jul-2021.)

⊢ 𝐾 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝒫 3_o ↦ if(𝑟 = {∅}, {∅, 1_o}, 𝑟))    ⇒   ⊢ ∀𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 3_o∀𝑡 ∈ 𝒫 3_o(𝐾‘(𝑠 ∪ 𝑡)) ⊆ ((𝐾‘𝑠) ∪ (𝐾‘𝑡))

Theorem

clsk1indlem4 44486*

The ansatz closure function (𝑟 ∈ 𝒫 3_o ↦ if(𝑟 = {∅}, {∅, 1_o}, 𝑟)) has the K4 property of idempotence. (Contributed by RP, 6-Jul-2021.)

⊢ 𝐾 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝒫 3_o ↦ if(𝑟 = {∅}, {∅, 1_o}, 𝑟))    ⇒   ⊢ ∀𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 3_o(𝐾‘(𝐾‘𝑠)) = (𝐾‘𝑠)

Theorem

clsk1indlem1 44487*

The ansatz closure function (𝑟 ∈ 𝒫 3_o ↦ if(𝑟 = {∅}, {∅, 1_o}, 𝑟)) does not have the K1 property of isotony. (Contributed by RP, 6-Jul-2021.)

⊢ 𝐾 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝒫 3_o ↦ if(𝑟 = {∅}, {∅, 1_o}, 𝑟))    ⇒   ⊢ ∃𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 3_o∃𝑡 ∈ 𝒫 3_o(𝑠 ⊆ 𝑡 ∧ ¬ (𝐾‘𝑠) ⊆ (𝐾‘𝑡))

Theorem

clsk1independent 44488*

For generalized closure functions, property K1 (isotony) is independent of the properties K0, K2, K3, K4. This contradicts a claim which appears in preprints of Table 2 in Bärbel M. R. Stadler and Peter F. Stadler. "Generalized Topological Spaces in Evolutionary Theory and Combinatorial Chemistry." J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 42:577-585, 2002. Proceedings MCC 2001, Dubrovnik. The same table row implying K1 follows from the other four appears in the supplemental materials Bärbel M. R. Stadler and Peter F. Stadler. "Basic Properties of Closure Spaces" 2001 on page 12. (Contributed by RP, 5-Jul-2021.)

⊢ (𝜑 ↔ (𝑘‘∅) = ∅)    &   ⊢ (𝜓 ↔ ∀𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝑏∀𝑡 ∈ 𝒫 𝑏(𝑠 ⊆ 𝑡 → (𝑘‘𝑠) ⊆ (𝑘‘𝑡)))    &   ⊢ (𝜒 ↔ ∀𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝑏𝑠 ⊆ (𝑘‘𝑠))    &   ⊢ (𝜃 ↔ ∀𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝑏∀𝑡 ∈ 𝒫 𝑏(𝑘‘(𝑠 ∪ 𝑡)) ⊆ ((𝑘‘𝑠) ∪ (𝑘‘𝑡)))    &   ⊢ (𝜏 ↔ ∀𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝑏(𝑘‘(𝑘‘𝑠)) = (𝑘‘𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ ¬ ∀𝑏∀𝑘 ∈ (𝒫 𝑏 ↑_m 𝒫 𝑏)(((𝜑 ∧ 𝜒) ∧ (𝜃 ∧ 𝜏)) → 𝜓)

Theorem

neik0pk1imk0 44489*

Kuratowski's K0' and K1 axioms imply K0. Neighborhood version. (Contributed by RP, 3-Jun-2021.)

⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ (𝒫 𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑁‘𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵∀𝑡 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵((𝑠 ∈ (𝑁‘𝑥) ∧ 𝑠 ⊆ 𝑡) → 𝑡 ∈ (𝑁‘𝑥)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝐵 ∈ (𝑁‘𝑥))

Theorem

isotone1 44490*

Two different ways to say subset relation persists across applications of a function. (Contributed by RP, 31-May-2021.)

⊢ (∀𝑎 ∈ 𝒫 𝐴∀𝑏 ∈ 𝒫 𝐴(𝑎 ⊆ 𝑏 → (𝐹‘𝑎) ⊆ (𝐹‘𝑏)) ↔ ∀𝑎 ∈ 𝒫 𝐴∀𝑏 ∈ 𝒫 𝐴((𝐹‘𝑎) ∪ (𝐹‘𝑏)) ⊆ (𝐹‘(𝑎 ∪ 𝑏)))

Theorem

isotone2 44491*

Two different ways to say subset relation persists across applications of a function. (Contributed by RP, 31-May-2021.)

⊢ (∀𝑎 ∈ 𝒫 𝐴∀𝑏 ∈ 𝒫 𝐴(𝑎 ⊆ 𝑏 → (𝐹‘𝑎) ⊆ (𝐹‘𝑏)) ↔ ∀𝑎 ∈ 𝒫 𝐴∀𝑏 ∈ 𝒫 𝐴(𝐹‘(𝑎 ∩ 𝑏)) ⊆ ((𝐹‘𝑎) ∩ (𝐹‘𝑏)))

Theorem

ntrk1k3eqk13 44492*

An interior function is both monotone and sub-linear if and only if it is finitely linear. (Contributed by RP, 18-Jun-2021.)

⊢ ((∀𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵∀𝑡 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵(𝑠 ⊆ 𝑡 → (𝐼‘𝑠) ⊆ (𝐼‘𝑡)) ∧ ∀𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵∀𝑡 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵((𝐼‘𝑠) ∩ (𝐼‘𝑡)) ⊆ (𝐼‘(𝑠 ∩ 𝑡))) ↔ ∀𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵∀𝑡 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵(𝐼‘(𝑠 ∩ 𝑡)) = ((𝐼‘𝑠) ∩ (𝐼‘𝑡)))

Theorem

ntrclsf1o 44493*

If (pseudo-)interior and (pseudo-)closure functions are related by the duality operator we may characterize the relation as part of a 1-to-1 onto function. (Contributed by RP, 29-May-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑖 ∈ V ↦ (𝑘 ∈ (𝒫 𝑖 ↑_m 𝒫 𝑖) ↦ (𝑗 ∈ 𝒫 𝑖 ↦ (𝑖 ∖ (𝑘‘(𝑖 ∖ 𝑗))))))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑂‘𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼𝐷𝐾)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷:(𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝒫 𝐵)–1-1-onto→(𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝒫 𝐵))

Theorem

ntrclsnvobr 44494*

If (pseudo-)interior and (pseudo-)closure functions are related by the duality operator then they are related the opposite way. (Contributed by RP, 21-May-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑖 ∈ V ↦ (𝑘 ∈ (𝒫 𝑖 ↑_m 𝒫 𝑖) ↦ (𝑗 ∈ 𝒫 𝑖 ↦ (𝑖 ∖ (𝑘‘(𝑖 ∖ 𝑗))))))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑂‘𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼𝐷𝐾)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐾𝐷𝐼)

Theorem

ntrclsiex 44495*

If (pseudo-)interior and (pseudo-)closure functions are related by the duality operator then those functions are maps of subsets to subsets. (Contributed by RP, 21-May-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑖 ∈ V ↦ (𝑘 ∈ (𝒫 𝑖 ↑_m 𝒫 𝑖) ↦ (𝑗 ∈ 𝒫 𝑖 ↦ (𝑖 ∖ (𝑘‘(𝑖 ∖ 𝑗))))))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑂‘𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼𝐷𝐾)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼 ∈ (𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝒫 𝐵))

Theorem

ntrclskex 44496*

If (pseudo-)interior and (pseudo-)closure functions are related by the duality operator then those functions are maps of subsets to subsets. (Contributed by RP, 21-May-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑖 ∈ V ↦ (𝑘 ∈ (𝒫 𝑖 ↑_m 𝒫 𝑖) ↦ (𝑗 ∈ 𝒫 𝑖 ↦ (𝑖 ∖ (𝑘‘(𝑖 ∖ 𝑗))))))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑂‘𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼𝐷𝐾)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐾 ∈ (𝒫 𝐵 ↑_m 𝒫 𝐵))

Theorem

ntrclsfv1 44497*

If (pseudo-)interior and (pseudo-)closure functions are related by the duality operator then there is a functional relation between them (Contributed by RP, 28-May-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑖 ∈ V ↦ (𝑘 ∈ (𝒫 𝑖 ↑_m 𝒫 𝑖) ↦ (𝑗 ∈ 𝒫 𝑖 ↦ (𝑖 ∖ (𝑘‘(𝑖 ∖ 𝑗))))))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑂‘𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼𝐷𝐾)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐷‘𝐼) = 𝐾)

Theorem

ntrclsfv2 44498*

If (pseudo-)interior and (pseudo-)closure functions are related by the duality operator then there is a functional relation between them (Contributed by RP, 28-May-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑖 ∈ V ↦ (𝑘 ∈ (𝒫 𝑖 ↑_m 𝒫 𝑖) ↦ (𝑗 ∈ 𝒫 𝑖 ↦ (𝑖 ∖ (𝑘‘(𝑖 ∖ 𝑗))))))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑂‘𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼𝐷𝐾)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐷‘𝐾) = 𝐼)

Theorem

ntrclselnel1 44499*

If (pseudo-)interior and (pseudo-)closure functions are related by the duality operator then there is an equivalence between membership in the interior of a set and non-membership in the closure of the complement of the set. (Contributed by RP, 28-May-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑖 ∈ V ↦ (𝑘 ∈ (𝒫 𝑖 ↑_m 𝒫 𝑖) ↦ (𝑗 ∈ 𝒫 𝑖 ↦ (𝑖 ∖ (𝑘‘(𝑖 ∖ 𝑗))))))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑂‘𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼𝐷𝐾)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 ∈ (𝐼‘𝑆) ↔ ¬ 𝑋 ∈ (𝐾‘(𝐵 ∖ 𝑆))))

Theorem

ntrclselnel2 44500*

If (pseudo-)interior and (pseudo-)closure functions are related by the duality operator then there is an equivalence between membership in interior of the complement of a set and non-membership in the closure of the set. (Contributed by RP, 28-May-2021.)

⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑖 ∈ V ↦ (𝑘 ∈ (𝒫 𝑖 ↑_m 𝒫 𝑖) ↦ (𝑗 ∈ 𝒫 𝑖 ↦ (𝑖 ∖ (𝑘‘(𝑖 ∖ 𝑗))))))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑂‘𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼𝐷𝐾)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 ∈ (𝐼‘(𝐵 ∖ 𝑆)) ↔ ¬ 𝑋 ∈ (𝐾‘𝑆)))