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Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 9301-9400   *Has distinct variable group(s)
TypeLabelDescription
Statement
 
Theoremoiiniseg 9301 ran 𝐹 is an initial segment of 𝐴 under the well-order 𝑅. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jun-2015.)
𝐹 = OrdIso(𝑅, 𝐴)       (((𝑅 We 𝐴𝑅 Se 𝐴) ∧ (𝑁𝐴𝑀 ∈ dom 𝐹)) → ((𝐹𝑀)𝑅𝑁𝑁 ∈ ran 𝐹))
 
Theoremordtype2 9302 For any set-like well-ordered class, if the order isomorphism exists (is a set), then it maps some ordinal onto 𝐴 isomorphically. Otherwise, 𝐹 is a proper class, which implies that either ran 𝐹𝐴 is a proper class or dom 𝐹 = On. This weak version of ordtype 9300 does not require the Axiom of Replacement. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 25-Jun-2015.)
𝐹 = OrdIso(𝑅, 𝐴)       ((𝑅 We 𝐴𝑅 Se 𝐴𝐹 ∈ V) → 𝐹 Isom E , 𝑅 (dom 𝐹, 𝐴))
 
Theoremoiexg 9303 The order isomorphism on a set is a set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 25-Jun-2015.)
𝐹 = OrdIso(𝑅, 𝐴)       (𝐴𝑉𝐹 ∈ V)
 
Theoremoion 9304 The order type of the well-order 𝑅 on 𝐴 is an ordinal. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 11-Feb-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-May-2015.)
𝐹 = OrdIso(𝑅, 𝐴)       (𝐴𝑉 → dom 𝐹 ∈ On)
 
Theoremoiiso 9305 The order isomorphism of the well-order 𝑅 on 𝐴 is an isomorphism. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-May-2015.)
𝐹 = OrdIso(𝑅, 𝐴)       ((𝐴𝑉𝑅 We 𝐴) → 𝐹 Isom E , 𝑅 (dom 𝐹, 𝐴))
 
Theoremoien 9306 The order type of a well-ordered set is equinumerous to the set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-May-2015.)
𝐹 = OrdIso(𝑅, 𝐴)       ((𝐴𝑉𝑅 We 𝐴) → dom 𝐹𝐴)
 
Theoremoieu 9307 Uniqueness of the unique ordinal isomorphism. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-May-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 25-Jun-2015.)
𝐹 = OrdIso(𝑅, 𝐴)       ((𝑅 We 𝐴𝑅 Se 𝐴) → ((Ord 𝐵𝐺 Isom E , 𝑅 (𝐵, 𝐴)) ↔ (𝐵 = dom 𝐹𝐺 = 𝐹)))
 
Theoremoismo 9308 When 𝐴 is a subclass of On, 𝐹 is a strictly monotone ordinal functions, and it is also complete (it is an isomorphism onto all of 𝐴). The proof avoids ax-rep 5210 (the second statement is trivial under ax-rep 5210). (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jun-2015.)
𝐹 = OrdIso( E , 𝐴)       (𝐴 ⊆ On → (Smo 𝐹 ∧ ran 𝐹 = 𝐴))
 
Theoremoiid 9309 The order type of an ordinal under the order is itself, and the order isomorphism is the identity function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jun-2015.)
(Ord 𝐴 → OrdIso( E , 𝐴) = ( I ↾ 𝐴))
 
Theoremhartogslem1 9310* Lemma for hartogs 9312. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 14-Jan-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-May-2015.)
𝐹 = {⟨𝑟, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (((dom 𝑟𝐴 ∧ ( I ↾ dom 𝑟) ⊆ 𝑟𝑟 ⊆ (dom 𝑟 × dom 𝑟)) ∧ (𝑟 ∖ I ) We dom 𝑟) ∧ 𝑦 = dom OrdIso((𝑟 ∖ I ), dom 𝑟))}    &   𝑅 = {⟨𝑠, 𝑡⟩ ∣ ∃𝑤𝑦𝑧𝑦 ((𝑠 = (𝑓𝑤) ∧ 𝑡 = (𝑓𝑧)) ∧ 𝑤 E 𝑧)}       (dom 𝐹 ⊆ 𝒫 (𝐴 × 𝐴) ∧ Fun 𝐹 ∧ (𝐴𝑉 → ran 𝐹 = {𝑥 ∈ On ∣ 𝑥𝐴}))
 
Theoremhartogslem2 9311* Lemma for hartogs 9312. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 14-Jan-2013.)
𝐹 = {⟨𝑟, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (((dom 𝑟𝐴 ∧ ( I ↾ dom 𝑟) ⊆ 𝑟𝑟 ⊆ (dom 𝑟 × dom 𝑟)) ∧ (𝑟 ∖ I ) We dom 𝑟) ∧ 𝑦 = dom OrdIso((𝑟 ∖ I ), dom 𝑟))}    &   𝑅 = {⟨𝑠, 𝑡⟩ ∣ ∃𝑤𝑦𝑧𝑦 ((𝑠 = (𝑓𝑤) ∧ 𝑡 = (𝑓𝑧)) ∧ 𝑤 E 𝑧)}       (𝐴𝑉 → {𝑥 ∈ On ∣ 𝑥𝐴} ∈ V)
 
Theoremhartogs 9312* The class of ordinals dominated by a given set is an ordinal. A shorter (when taking into account lemmas hartogslem1 9310 and hartogslem2 9311) proof can be given using the axiom of choice, see ondomon 10328. As its label indicates, this result is used to justify the definition of the Hartogs function df-har 9325. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 22-Oct-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-May-2015.)
(𝐴𝑉 → {𝑥 ∈ On ∣ 𝑥𝐴} ∈ On)
 
Theoremwofib 9313 The only sets which are well-ordered forwards and backwards are finite sets. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 30-Jan-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-May-2015.)
𝐴 ∈ V       ((𝑅 Or 𝐴𝐴 ∈ Fin) ↔ (𝑅 We 𝐴𝑅 We 𝐴))
 
Theoremwemaplem1 9314* Value of the lexicographic order on a sequence space. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 18-Jan-2015.)
𝑇 = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ ∃𝑧𝐴 ((𝑥𝑧)𝑆(𝑦𝑧) ∧ ∀𝑤𝐴 (𝑤𝑅𝑧 → (𝑥𝑤) = (𝑦𝑤)))}       ((𝑃𝑉𝑄𝑊) → (𝑃𝑇𝑄 ↔ ∃𝑎𝐴 ((𝑃𝑎)𝑆(𝑄𝑎) ∧ ∀𝑏𝐴 (𝑏𝑅𝑎 → (𝑃𝑏) = (𝑄𝑏)))))
 
Theoremwemaplem2 9315* Lemma for wemapso 9319. Transitivity. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 17-Jan-2015.) (Revised by AV, 21-Jul-2024.)
𝑇 = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ ∃𝑧𝐴 ((𝑥𝑧)𝑆(𝑦𝑧) ∧ ∀𝑤𝐴 (𝑤𝑅𝑧 → (𝑥𝑤) = (𝑦𝑤)))}    &   (𝜑𝑃 ∈ (𝐵m 𝐴))    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ (𝐵m 𝐴))    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝐵m 𝐴))    &   (𝜑𝑅 Or 𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑆 Po 𝐵)    &   (𝜑𝑎𝐴)    &   (𝜑 → (𝑃𝑎)𝑆(𝑋𝑎))    &   (𝜑 → ∀𝑐𝐴 (𝑐𝑅𝑎 → (𝑃𝑐) = (𝑋𝑐)))    &   (𝜑𝑏𝐴)    &   (𝜑 → (𝑋𝑏)𝑆(𝑄𝑏))    &   (𝜑 → ∀𝑐𝐴 (𝑐𝑅𝑏 → (𝑋𝑐) = (𝑄𝑐)))       (𝜑𝑃𝑇𝑄)
 
Theoremwemaplem3 9316* Lemma for wemapso 9319. Transitivity. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 17-Jan-2015.) (Revised by AV, 21-Jul-2024.)
𝑇 = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ ∃𝑧𝐴 ((𝑥𝑧)𝑆(𝑦𝑧) ∧ ∀𝑤𝐴 (𝑤𝑅𝑧 → (𝑥𝑤) = (𝑦𝑤)))}    &   (𝜑𝑃 ∈ (𝐵m 𝐴))    &   (𝜑𝑋 ∈ (𝐵m 𝐴))    &   (𝜑𝑄 ∈ (𝐵m 𝐴))    &   (𝜑𝑅 Or 𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑆 Po 𝐵)    &   (𝜑𝑃𝑇𝑋)    &   (𝜑𝑋𝑇𝑄)       (𝜑𝑃𝑇𝑄)
 
Theoremwemappo 9317* Construct lexicographic order on a function space based on a well-ordering of the indices and a total ordering of the values.

Without totality on the values or least differing indices, the best we can prove here is a partial order. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 18-Jan-2015.) (Revised by AV, 21-Jul-2024.)

𝑇 = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ ∃𝑧𝐴 ((𝑥𝑧)𝑆(𝑦𝑧) ∧ ∀𝑤𝐴 (𝑤𝑅𝑧 → (𝑥𝑤) = (𝑦𝑤)))}       ((𝑅 Or 𝐴𝑆 Po 𝐵) → 𝑇 Po (𝐵m 𝐴))
 
Theoremwemapsolem 9318* Lemma for wemapso 9319. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 18-Jan-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 8-Feb-2015.) (Revised by AV, 21-Jul-2024.)
𝑇 = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ ∃𝑧𝐴 ((𝑥𝑧)𝑆(𝑦𝑧) ∧ ∀𝑤𝐴 (𝑤𝑅𝑧 → (𝑥𝑤) = (𝑦𝑤)))}    &   𝑈 ⊆ (𝐵m 𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑅 Or 𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑆 Or 𝐵)    &   ((𝜑 ∧ ((𝑎𝑈𝑏𝑈) ∧ 𝑎𝑏)) → ∃𝑐 ∈ dom (𝑎𝑏)∀𝑑 ∈ dom (𝑎𝑏) ¬ 𝑑𝑅𝑐)       (𝜑𝑇 Or 𝑈)
 
Theoremwemapso 9319* Construct lexicographic order on a function space based on a well-ordering of the indices and a total ordering of the values. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 18-Jan-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 8-Feb-2015.) (Revised by AV, 21-Jul-2024.)
𝑇 = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ ∃𝑧𝐴 ((𝑥𝑧)𝑆(𝑦𝑧) ∧ ∀𝑤𝐴 (𝑤𝑅𝑧 → (𝑥𝑤) = (𝑦𝑤)))}       ((𝑅 We 𝐴𝑆 Or 𝐵) → 𝑇 Or (𝐵m 𝐴))
 
Theoremwemapso2lem 9320* Lemma for wemapso2 9321. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 8-Feb-2015.) (Revised by AV, 1-Jul-2019.)
𝑇 = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ ∃𝑧𝐴 ((𝑥𝑧)𝑆(𝑦𝑧) ∧ ∀𝑤𝐴 (𝑤𝑅𝑧 → (𝑥𝑤) = (𝑦𝑤)))}    &   𝑈 = {𝑥 ∈ (𝐵m 𝐴) ∣ 𝑥 finSupp 𝑍}       (((𝐴𝑉𝑅 Or 𝐴𝑆 Or 𝐵) ∧ 𝑍𝑊) → 𝑇 Or 𝑈)
 
Theoremwemapso2 9321* An alternative to having a well-order on 𝑅 in wemapso 9319 is to restrict the function set to finitely-supported functions. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 8-Feb-2015.) (Revised by AV, 1-Jul-2019.)
𝑇 = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ ∃𝑧𝐴 ((𝑥𝑧)𝑆(𝑦𝑧) ∧ ∀𝑤𝐴 (𝑤𝑅𝑧 → (𝑥𝑤) = (𝑦𝑤)))}    &   𝑈 = {𝑥 ∈ (𝐵m 𝐴) ∣ 𝑥 finSupp 𝑍}       ((𝐴𝑉𝑅 Or 𝐴𝑆 Or 𝐵) → 𝑇 Or 𝑈)
 
Theoremcard2on 9322* The alternate definition of the cardinal of a set given in cardval2 9758 always gives a set, and indeed an ordinal. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 14-Jan-2013.)
{𝑥 ∈ On ∣ 𝑥𝐴} ∈ On
 
Theoremcard2inf 9323* The alternate definition of the cardinal of a set given in cardval2 9758 has the curious property that for non-numerable sets (for which ndmfv 6813 yields ), it still evaluates to a nonempty set, and indeed it contains ω. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Jan-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 27-Apr-2015.)
𝐴 ∈ V       (¬ ∃𝑦 ∈ On 𝑦𝐴 → ω ⊆ {𝑥 ∈ On ∣ 𝑥𝐴})
 
2.4.36  Hartogs function
 
Syntaxchar 9324 Class symbol for the Hartogs function.
class har
 
Definitiondf-har 9325* Define the Hartogs function as mapping a set to the class of ordinals it dominates. That class is an ordinal by hartogs 9312, which is used in harf 9326.

The Hartogs number of a set is the least ordinal not dominated by that set. Theorem harval2 9764 proves that the Hartogs function actually gives the Hartogs number for well-orderable sets.

The Hartogs number of an ordinal is its cardinal successor. This is proved for finite ordinal in harsucnn 9765.

Traditionally, the Hartogs number of a set 𝑋 is written ℵ(𝑋), and its cardinal successor, 𝑋 +; we use functional notation for this, and cannot use the aleph symbol because it is taken for the enumerating function of the infinite initial ordinals df-aleph 9707.

Some authors define the Hartogs number of a set to be the least *infinite* ordinal which does not inject into it, thus causing the range to consist only of alephs. We use the simpler definition where the value can be any successor cardinal. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 11-Feb-2015.)

har = (𝑥 ∈ V ↦ {𝑦 ∈ On ∣ 𝑦𝑥})
 
Theoremharf 9326 Functionality of the Hartogs function. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 11-Feb-2015.)
har:V⟶On
 
Theoremharcl 9327 Values of the Hartogs function are ordinals (closure of the Hartogs function in the ordinals). (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 11-Feb-2015.)
(har‘𝑋) ∈ On
 
Theoremharval 9328* Function value of the Hartogs function. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 11-Feb-2015.)
(𝑋𝑉 → (har‘𝑋) = {𝑦 ∈ On ∣ 𝑦𝑋})
 
Theoremelharval 9329 The Hartogs number of a set contains exactly the ordinals that set dominates. Combined with harcl 9327, this implies that the Hartogs number of a set is greater than all ordinals that set dominates. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 11-Feb-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-May-2015.)
(𝑌 ∈ (har‘𝑋) ↔ (𝑌 ∈ On ∧ 𝑌𝑋))
 
Theoremharndom 9330 The Hartogs number of a set does not inject into that set. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 11-Feb-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-May-2015.)
¬ (har‘𝑋) ≼ 𝑋
 
Theoremharword 9331 Weak ordering property of the Hartogs function. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 14-Feb-2015.)
(𝑋𝑌 → (har‘𝑋) ⊆ (har‘𝑌))
 
2.4.37  Weak dominance
 
Syntaxcwdom 9332 Class symbol for the weak dominance relation.
class *
 
Definitiondf-wdom 9333* A set is weakly dominated by a "larger" set if the "larger" set can be mapped onto the "smaller" set or the smaller set is empty, or equivalently, if the smaller set can be placed into bijection with some partition of the larger set. Dominance (df-dom 8744) implies weak dominance (over ZF). The principle asserting the converse is known as the partition principle and is independent of ZF. Theorem fodom 10288 proves that the axiom of choice implies the partition principle (over ZF). It is not known whether the partition principle is equivalent to the axiom of choice (over ZF), although it is know to imply dependent choice. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 11-Feb-2015.)
* = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 = ∅ ∨ ∃𝑧 𝑧:𝑦onto𝑥)}
 
Theoremrelwdom 9334 Weak dominance is a relation. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 11-Feb-2015.)
Rel ≼*
 
Theorembrwdom 9335* Property of weak dominance (definitional form). (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 11-Feb-2015.)
(𝑌𝑉 → (𝑋* 𝑌 ↔ (𝑋 = ∅ ∨ ∃𝑧 𝑧:𝑌onto𝑋)))
 
Theorembrwdomi 9336* Property of weak dominance, forward direction only. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 5-May-2015.)
(𝑋* 𝑌 → (𝑋 = ∅ ∨ ∃𝑧 𝑧:𝑌onto𝑋))
 
Theorembrwdomn0 9337* Weak dominance over nonempty sets. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 11-Feb-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 5-May-2015.)
(𝑋 ≠ ∅ → (𝑋* 𝑌 ↔ ∃𝑧 𝑧:𝑌onto𝑋))
 
Theorem0wdom 9338 Any set weakly dominates the empty set. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 11-Feb-2015.)
(𝑋𝑉 → ∅ ≼* 𝑋)
 
Theoremfowdom 9339 An onto function implies weak dominance. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 11-Feb-2015.)
((𝐹𝑉𝐹:𝑌onto𝑋) → 𝑋* 𝑌)
 
Theoremwdomref 9340 Reflexivity of weak dominance. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 11-Feb-2015.)
(𝑋𝑉𝑋* 𝑋)
 
Theorembrwdom2 9341* Alternate characterization of the weak dominance predicate which does not require special treatment of the empty set. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 11-Feb-2015.)
(𝑌𝑉 → (𝑋* 𝑌 ↔ ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝒫 𝑌𝑧 𝑧:𝑦onto𝑋))
 
Theoremdomwdom 9342 Weak dominance is implied by dominance in the usual sense. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 11-Feb-2015.)
(𝑋𝑌𝑋* 𝑌)
 
Theoremwdomtr 9343 Transitivity of weak dominance. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 11-Feb-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 5-May-2015.)
((𝑋* 𝑌𝑌* 𝑍) → 𝑋* 𝑍)
 
Theoremwdomen1 9344 Equality-like theorem for equinumerosity and weak dominance. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-May-2015.)
(𝐴𝐵 → (𝐴* 𝐶𝐵* 𝐶))
 
Theoremwdomen2 9345 Equality-like theorem for equinumerosity and weak dominance. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-May-2015.)
(𝐴𝐵 → (𝐶* 𝐴𝐶* 𝐵))
 
Theoremwdompwdom 9346 Weak dominance strengthens to usual dominance on the power sets. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 11-Feb-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 5-May-2015.)
(𝑋* 𝑌 → 𝒫 𝑋 ≼ 𝒫 𝑌)
 
Theoremcanthwdom 9347 Cantor's Theorem, stated using weak dominance (this is actually a stronger statement than canth2 8926, equivalent to canth 7238). (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-May-2015.)
¬ 𝒫 𝐴* 𝐴
 
Theoremwdom2d 9348* Deduce weak dominance from an implicit onto function (stated in a way which avoids ax-rep 5210). (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Feb-2015.)
(𝜑𝐴𝑉)    &   (𝜑𝐵𝑊)    &   ((𝜑𝑥𝐴) → ∃𝑦𝐵 𝑥 = 𝑋)       (𝜑𝐴* 𝐵)
 
Theoremwdomd 9349* Deduce weak dominance from an implicit onto function. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Feb-2015.)
(𝜑𝐵𝑊)    &   ((𝜑𝑥𝐴) → ∃𝑦𝐵 𝑥 = 𝑋)       (𝜑𝐴* 𝐵)
 
Theorembrwdom3 9350* Condition for weak dominance with a condition reminiscent of wdomd 9349. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Feb-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 25-Jun-2015.)
((𝑋𝑉𝑌𝑊) → (𝑋* 𝑌 ↔ ∃𝑓𝑥𝑋𝑦𝑌 𝑥 = (𝑓𝑦)))
 
Theorembrwdom3i 9351* Weak dominance implies existence of a covering function. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Feb-2015.)
(𝑋* 𝑌 → ∃𝑓𝑥𝑋𝑦𝑌 𝑥 = (𝑓𝑦))
 
Theoremunwdomg 9352 Weak dominance of a (disjoint) union. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Feb-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 25-Jun-2015.)
((𝐴* 𝐵𝐶* 𝐷 ∧ (𝐵𝐷) = ∅) → (𝐴𝐶) ≼* (𝐵𝐷))
 
Theoremxpwdomg 9353 Weak dominance of a Cartesian product. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Feb-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 25-Jun-2015.)
((𝐴* 𝐵𝐶* 𝐷) → (𝐴 × 𝐶) ≼* (𝐵 × 𝐷))
 
Theoremwdomima2g 9354 A set is weakly dominant over its image under any function. This version of wdomimag 9355 is stated so as to avoid ax-rep 5210. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 25-Jun-2015.)
((Fun 𝐹𝐴𝑉 ∧ (𝐹𝐴) ∈ 𝑊) → (𝐹𝐴) ≼* 𝐴)
 
Theoremwdomimag 9355 A set is weakly dominant over its image under any function. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 14-Feb-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 25-Jun-2015.)
((Fun 𝐹𝐴𝑉) → (𝐹𝐴) ≼* 𝐴)
 
Theoremunxpwdom2 9356 Lemma for unxpwdom 9357. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-May-2015.)
((𝐴 × 𝐴) ≈ (𝐵𝐶) → (𝐴* 𝐵𝐴𝐶))
 
Theoremunxpwdom 9357 If a Cartesian product is dominated by a union, then the base set is either weakly dominated by one factor of the union or dominated by the other. Extracted from Lemma 2.3 of [KanamoriPincus] p. 420. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-May-2015.)
((𝐴 × 𝐴) ≼ (𝐵𝐶) → (𝐴* 𝐵𝐴𝐶))
 
Theoremixpiunwdom 9358* Describe an onto function from the indexed cartesian product to the indexed union. Together with ixpssmapg 8725 this shows that 𝑥𝐴𝐵 and X𝑥𝐴𝐵 have closely linked cardinalities. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Aug-2015.)
((𝐴𝑉 𝑥𝐴 𝐵𝑊X𝑥𝐴 𝐵 ≠ ∅) → 𝑥𝐴 𝐵* (X𝑥𝐴 𝐵 × 𝐴))
 
Theoremharwdom 9359 The value of the Hartogs function at a set 𝑋 is weakly dominated by 𝒫 (𝑋 × 𝑋). This follows from a more precise analysis of the bound used in hartogs 9312 to prove that (har‘𝑋) is an ordinal. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-May-2015.)
(𝑋𝑉 → (har‘𝑋) ≼* 𝒫 (𝑋 × 𝑋))
 
2.5  ZF Set Theory - add the Axiom of Regularity
 
2.5.1  Introduce the Axiom of Regularity
 
Axiomax-reg 9360* Axiom of Regularity. An axiom of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. Also called the Axiom of Foundation. A rather non-intuitive axiom that denies more than it asserts, it states (in the form of zfreg 9363) that every nonempty set contains a set disjoint from itself. One consequence is that it denies the existence of a set containing itself (elirrv 9364). A stronger version that works for proper classes is proved as zfregs 9499. (Contributed by NM, 14-Aug-1993.)
(∃𝑦 𝑦𝑥 → ∃𝑦(𝑦𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑧(𝑧𝑦 → ¬ 𝑧𝑥)))
 
Theoremaxreg2 9361* Axiom of Regularity expressed more compactly. (Contributed by NM, 14-Aug-2003.)
(𝑥𝑦 → ∃𝑥(𝑥𝑦 ∧ ∀𝑧(𝑧𝑥 → ¬ 𝑧𝑦)))
 
Theoremzfregcl 9362* The Axiom of Regularity with class variables. (Contributed by NM, 5-Aug-1994.) Replace sethood hypothesis with sethood antecedent. (Revised by BJ, 27-Apr-2021.)
(𝐴𝑉 → (∃𝑥 𝑥𝐴 → ∃𝑥𝐴𝑦𝑥 ¬ 𝑦𝐴))
 
Theoremzfreg 9363* The Axiom of Regularity using abbreviations. Axiom 6 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 21. This is called the "weak form". Axiom Reg of [BellMachover] p. 480. There is also a "strong form", not requiring that 𝐴 be a set, that can be proved with more difficulty (see zfregs 9499). (Contributed by NM, 26-Nov-1995.) Replace sethood hypothesis with sethood antecedent. (Revised by BJ, 27-Apr-2021.)
((𝐴𝑉𝐴 ≠ ∅) → ∃𝑥𝐴 (𝑥𝐴) = ∅)
 
Theoremelirrv 9364 The membership relation is irreflexive: no set is a member of itself. Theorem 105 of [Suppes] p. 54. (This is trivial to prove from zfregfr 9372 and efrirr 5571, but this proof is direct from the Axiom of Regularity.) (Contributed by NM, 19-Aug-1993.)
¬ 𝑥𝑥
 
Theoremelirr 9365 No class is a member of itself. Exercise 6 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 22. (Contributed by NM, 7-Aug-1994.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 9-Jul-2011.)
¬ 𝐴𝐴
 
Theoremelneq 9366 A class is not equal to any of its elements. (Contributed by AV, 14-Jun-2022.)
(𝐴𝐵𝐴𝐵)
 
Theoremnelaneq 9367 A class is not an element of and equal to a class at the same time. Variant of elneq 9366 analogously to elnotel 9377 and en2lp 9373. (Proposed by BJ, 18-Jun-2022.) (Contributed by AV, 18-Jun-2022.)
¬ (𝐴𝐵𝐴 = 𝐵)
 
Theoremepinid0 9368 The membership relation and the identity relation are disjoint. Variable-free version of nelaneq 9367. (Proposed by BJ, 18-Jun-2022.) (Contributed by AV, 18-Jun-2022.)
( E ∩ I ) = ∅
 
Theoremsucprcreg 9369 A class is equal to its successor iff it is a proper class (assuming the Axiom of Regularity). (Contributed by NM, 9-Jul-2004.) (Proof shortened by BJ, 16-Apr-2019.)
𝐴 ∈ V ↔ suc 𝐴 = 𝐴)
 
Theoremruv 9370 The Russell class is equal to the universe V. Exercise 5 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 22. (Contributed by Alan Sare, 4-Oct-2008.)
{𝑥𝑥𝑥} = V
 
TheoremruALT 9371 Alternate proof of ru 3716, simplified using (indirectly) the Axiom of Regularity ax-reg 9360. (Contributed by Alan Sare, 4-Oct-2008.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
{𝑥𝑥𝑥} ∉ V
 
Theoremzfregfr 9372 The membership relation is well-founded on any class. (Contributed by NM, 26-Nov-1995.)
E Fr 𝐴
 
Theoremen2lp 9373 No class has 2-cycle membership loops. Theorem 7X(b) of [Enderton] p. 206. (Contributed by NM, 16-Oct-1996.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 25-Jun-2015.)
¬ (𝐴𝐵𝐵𝐴)
 
Theoremelnanel 9374 Two classes are not elements of each other simultaneously. This is just a rewriting of en2lp 9373 and serves as an example in the context of Godel codes, see elnanelprv 33400. (Contributed by AV, 5-Nov-2023.) (New usage is discouraged.)
(𝐴𝐵𝐵𝐴)
 
Theoremcnvepnep 9375 The membership (epsilon) relation and its converse are disjoint, i.e., E is an asymmetric relation. Variable-free version of en2lp 9373. (Proposed by BJ, 18-Jun-2022.) (Contributed by AV, 19-Jun-2022.)
( E ∩ E ) = ∅
 
Theoremepnsym 9376 The membership (epsilon) relation is not symmetric. (Contributed by AV, 18-Jun-2022.)
E ≠ E
 
Theoremelnotel 9377 A class cannot be an element of one of its elements. (Contributed by AV, 14-Jun-2022.)
(𝐴𝐵 → ¬ 𝐵𝐴)
 
Theoremelnel 9378 A class cannot be an element of one of its elements. (Contributed by AV, 14-Jun-2022.)
(𝐴𝐵𝐵𝐴)
 
Theoremen3lplem1 9379* Lemma for en3lp 9381. (Contributed by Alan Sare, 28-Oct-2011.)
((𝐴𝐵𝐵𝐶𝐶𝐴) → (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝑥 ∩ {𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶}) ≠ ∅))
 
Theoremen3lplem2 9380* Lemma for en3lp 9381. (Contributed by Alan Sare, 28-Oct-2011.)
((𝐴𝐵𝐵𝐶𝐶𝐴) → (𝑥 ∈ {𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶} → (𝑥 ∩ {𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶}) ≠ ∅))
 
Theoremen3lp 9381 No class has 3-cycle membership loops. This proof was automatically generated from the virtual deduction proof en3lpVD 42472 using a translation program. (Contributed by Alan Sare, 24-Oct-2011.)
¬ (𝐴𝐵𝐵𝐶𝐶𝐴)
 
Theorempreleqg 9382 Equality of two unordered pairs when one member of each pair contains the other member. Closed form of preleq 9383. (Contributed by AV, 15-Jun-2022.)
(((𝐴𝐵𝐵𝑉𝐶𝐷) ∧ {𝐴, 𝐵} = {𝐶, 𝐷}) → (𝐴 = 𝐶𝐵 = 𝐷))
 
Theorempreleq 9383 Equality of two unordered pairs when one member of each pair contains the other member. (Contributed by NM, 16-Oct-1996.) (Revised by AV, 15-Jun-2022.)
𝐵 ∈ V       (((𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷) ∧ {𝐴, 𝐵} = {𝐶, 𝐷}) → (𝐴 = 𝐶𝐵 = 𝐷))
 
TheorempreleqALT 9384 Alternate proof of preleq 9383, not based on preleqg 9382: Equality of two unordered pairs when one member of each pair contains the other member. (Contributed by NM, 16-Oct-1996.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
𝐵 ∈ V    &   𝐷 ∈ V       (((𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷) ∧ {𝐴, 𝐵} = {𝐶, 𝐷}) → (𝐴 = 𝐶𝐵 = 𝐷))
 
Theoremopthreg 9385 Theorem for alternate representation of ordered pairs, requiring the Axiom of Regularity ax-reg 9360 (via the preleq 9383 step). See df-op 4569 for a description of other ordered pair representations. Exercise 34 of [Enderton] p. 207. (Contributed by NM, 16-Oct-1996.) (Proof shortened by AV, 15-Jun-2022.)
𝐴 ∈ V    &   𝐵 ∈ V    &   𝐶 ∈ V    &   𝐷 ∈ V       ({𝐴, {𝐴, 𝐵}} = {𝐶, {𝐶, 𝐷}} ↔ (𝐴 = 𝐶𝐵 = 𝐷))
 
Theoremsuc11reg 9386 The successor operation behaves like a one-to-one function (assuming the Axiom of Regularity). Exercise 35 of [Enderton] p. 208 and its converse. (Contributed by NM, 25-Oct-2003.)
(suc 𝐴 = suc 𝐵𝐴 = 𝐵)
 
Theoremdford2 9387* Assuming ax-reg 9360, an ordinal is a transitive class on which inclusion satisfies trichotomy. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 27-Oct-2010.)
(Ord 𝐴 ↔ (Tr 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥𝐴𝑦𝐴 (𝑥𝑦𝑥 = 𝑦𝑦𝑥)))
 
2.5.2  Axiom of Infinity equivalents
 
Theoreminf0 9388* Existence of ω implies our axiom of infinity ax-inf 9405. The proof shows that the especially contrived class "ran (rec((𝑣 ∈ V ↦ suc 𝑣), 𝑥) ↾ ω) " exists, is a subset of its union, and contains a given set 𝑥 (and thus is nonempty). Thus, it provides an example demonstrating that a set 𝑦 exists with the necessary properties demanded by ax-inf 9405. (Contributed by NM, 15-Oct-1996.) Revised to closed form. (Revised by BJ, 20-May-2024.)
(ω ∈ 𝑉 → ∃𝑦(𝑥𝑦 ∧ ∀𝑧(𝑧𝑦 → ∃𝑤(𝑧𝑤𝑤𝑦))))
 
Theoreminf1 9389 Variation of Axiom of Infinity (using zfinf 9406 as a hypothesis). Axiom of Infinity in [FreydScedrov] p. 283. (Contributed by NM, 14-Oct-1996.) (Revised by David Abernethy, 1-Oct-2013.)
𝑥(𝑦𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦(𝑦𝑥 → ∃𝑧(𝑦𝑧𝑧𝑥)))       𝑥(𝑥 ≠ ∅ ∧ ∀𝑦(𝑦𝑥 → ∃𝑧(𝑦𝑧𝑧𝑥)))
 
Theoreminf2 9390* Variation of Axiom of Infinity. There exists a nonempty set that is a subset of its union (using zfinf 9406 as a hypothesis). Abbreviated version of the Axiom of Infinity in [FreydScedrov] p. 283. (Contributed by NM, 28-Oct-1996.)
𝑥(𝑦𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦(𝑦𝑥 → ∃𝑧(𝑦𝑧𝑧𝑥)))       𝑥(𝑥 ≠ ∅ ∧ 𝑥 𝑥)
 
Theoreminf3lema 9391* Lemma for our Axiom of Infinity => standard Axiom of Infinity. See inf3 9402 for detailed description. (Contributed by NM, 28-Oct-1996.)
𝐺 = (𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑤𝑥 ∣ (𝑤𝑥) ⊆ 𝑦})    &   𝐹 = (rec(𝐺, ∅) ↾ ω)    &   𝐴 ∈ V    &   𝐵 ∈ V       (𝐴 ∈ (𝐺𝐵) ↔ (𝐴𝑥 ∧ (𝐴𝑥) ⊆ 𝐵))
 
Theoreminf3lemb 9392* Lemma for our Axiom of Infinity => standard Axiom of Infinity. See inf3 9402 for detailed description. (Contributed by NM, 28-Oct-1996.)
𝐺 = (𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑤𝑥 ∣ (𝑤𝑥) ⊆ 𝑦})    &   𝐹 = (rec(𝐺, ∅) ↾ ω)    &   𝐴 ∈ V    &   𝐵 ∈ V       (𝐹‘∅) = ∅
 
Theoreminf3lemc 9393* Lemma for our Axiom of Infinity => standard Axiom of Infinity. See inf3 9402 for detailed description. (Contributed by NM, 28-Oct-1996.)
𝐺 = (𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑤𝑥 ∣ (𝑤𝑥) ⊆ 𝑦})    &   𝐹 = (rec(𝐺, ∅) ↾ ω)    &   𝐴 ∈ V    &   𝐵 ∈ V       (𝐴 ∈ ω → (𝐹‘suc 𝐴) = (𝐺‘(𝐹𝐴)))
 
Theoreminf3lemd 9394* Lemma for our Axiom of Infinity => standard Axiom of Infinity. See inf3 9402 for detailed description. (Contributed by NM, 28-Oct-1996.)
𝐺 = (𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑤𝑥 ∣ (𝑤𝑥) ⊆ 𝑦})    &   𝐹 = (rec(𝐺, ∅) ↾ ω)    &   𝐴 ∈ V    &   𝐵 ∈ V       (𝐴 ∈ ω → (𝐹𝐴) ⊆ 𝑥)
 
Theoreminf3lem1 9395* Lemma for our Axiom of Infinity => standard Axiom of Infinity. See inf3 9402 for detailed description. (Contributed by NM, 28-Oct-1996.)
𝐺 = (𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑤𝑥 ∣ (𝑤𝑥) ⊆ 𝑦})    &   𝐹 = (rec(𝐺, ∅) ↾ ω)    &   𝐴 ∈ V    &   𝐵 ∈ V       (𝐴 ∈ ω → (𝐹𝐴) ⊆ (𝐹‘suc 𝐴))
 
Theoreminf3lem2 9396* Lemma for our Axiom of Infinity => standard Axiom of Infinity. See inf3 9402 for detailed description. (Contributed by NM, 28-Oct-1996.)
𝐺 = (𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑤𝑥 ∣ (𝑤𝑥) ⊆ 𝑦})    &   𝐹 = (rec(𝐺, ∅) ↾ ω)    &   𝐴 ∈ V    &   𝐵 ∈ V       ((𝑥 ≠ ∅ ∧ 𝑥 𝑥) → (𝐴 ∈ ω → (𝐹𝐴) ≠ 𝑥))
 
Theoreminf3lem3 9397* Lemma for our Axiom of Infinity => standard Axiom of Infinity. See inf3 9402 for detailed description. In the proof, we invoke the Axiom of Regularity in the form of zfreg 9363. (Contributed by NM, 29-Oct-1996.)
𝐺 = (𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑤𝑥 ∣ (𝑤𝑥) ⊆ 𝑦})    &   𝐹 = (rec(𝐺, ∅) ↾ ω)    &   𝐴 ∈ V    &   𝐵 ∈ V       ((𝑥 ≠ ∅ ∧ 𝑥 𝑥) → (𝐴 ∈ ω → (𝐹𝐴) ≠ (𝐹‘suc 𝐴)))
 
Theoreminf3lem4 9398* Lemma for our Axiom of Infinity => standard Axiom of Infinity. See inf3 9402 for detailed description. (Contributed by NM, 29-Oct-1996.)
𝐺 = (𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑤𝑥 ∣ (𝑤𝑥) ⊆ 𝑦})    &   𝐹 = (rec(𝐺, ∅) ↾ ω)    &   𝐴 ∈ V    &   𝐵 ∈ V       ((𝑥 ≠ ∅ ∧ 𝑥 𝑥) → (𝐴 ∈ ω → (𝐹𝐴) ⊊ (𝐹‘suc 𝐴)))
 
Theoreminf3lem5 9399* Lemma for our Axiom of Infinity => standard Axiom of Infinity. See inf3 9402 for detailed description. (Contributed by NM, 29-Oct-1996.)
𝐺 = (𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑤𝑥 ∣ (𝑤𝑥) ⊆ 𝑦})    &   𝐹 = (rec(𝐺, ∅) ↾ ω)    &   𝐴 ∈ V    &   𝐵 ∈ V       ((𝑥 ≠ ∅ ∧ 𝑥 𝑥) → ((𝐴 ∈ ω ∧ 𝐵𝐴) → (𝐹𝐵) ⊊ (𝐹𝐴)))
 
Theoreminf3lem6 9400* Lemma for our Axiom of Infinity => standard Axiom of Infinity. See inf3 9402 for detailed description. (Contributed by NM, 29-Oct-1996.)
𝐺 = (𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑤𝑥 ∣ (𝑤𝑥) ⊆ 𝑦})    &   𝐹 = (rec(𝐺, ∅) ↾ ω)    &   𝐴 ∈ V    &   𝐵 ∈ V       ((𝑥 ≠ ∅ ∧ 𝑥 𝑥) → 𝐹:ω–1-1→𝒫 𝑥)
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206 20501-20600 207 20601-20700 208 20701-20800 209 20801-20900 210 20901-21000 211 21001-21100 212 21101-21200 213 21201-21300 214 21301-21400 215 21401-21500 216 21501-21600 217 21601-21700 218 21701-21800 219 21801-21900 220 21901-22000 221 22001-22100 222 22101-22200 223 22201-22300 224 22301-22400 225 22401-22500 226 22501-22600 227 22601-22700 228 22701-22800 229 22801-22900 230 22901-23000 231 23001-23100 232 23101-23200 233 23201-23300 234 23301-23400 235 23401-23500 236 23501-23600 237 23601-23700 238 23701-23800 239 23801-23900 240 23901-24000 241 24001-24100 242 24101-24200 243 24201-24300 244 24301-24400 245 24401-24500 246 24501-24600 247 24601-24700 248 24701-24800 249 24801-24900 250 24901-25000 251 25001-25100 252 25101-25200 253 25201-25300 254 25301-25400 255 25401-25500 256 25501-25600 257 25601-25700 258 25701-25800 259 25801-25900 260 25901-26000 261 26001-26100 262 26101-26200 263 26201-26300 264 26301-26400 265 26401-26500 266 26501-26600 267 26601-26700 268 26701-26800 269 26801-26900 270 26901-27000 271 27001-27100 272 27101-27200 273 27201-27300 274 27301-27400 275 27401-27500 276 27501-27600 277 27601-27700 278 27701-27800 279 27801-27900 280 27901-28000 281 28001-28100 282 28101-28200 283 28201-28300 284 28301-28400 285 28401-28500 286 28501-28600 287 28601-28700 288 28701-28800 289 28801-28900 290 28901-29000 291 29001-29100 292 29101-29200 293 29201-29300 294 29301-29400 295 29401-29500 296 29501-29600 297 29601-29700 298 29701-29800 299 29801-29900 300 29901-30000 301 30001-30100 302 30101-30200 303 30201-30300 304 30301-30400 305 30401-30500 306 30501-30600 307 30601-30700 308 30701-30800 309 30801-30900 310 30901-31000 311 31001-31100 312 31101-31200 313 31201-31300 314 31301-31400 315 31401-31500 316 31501-31600 317 31601-31700 318 31701-31800 319 31801-31900 320 31901-32000 321 32001-32100 322 32101-32200 323 32201-32300 324 32301-32400 325 32401-32500 326 32501-32600 327 32601-32700 328 32701-32800 329 32801-32900 330 32901-33000 331 33001-33100 332 33101-33200 333 33201-33300 334 33301-33400 335 33401-33500 336 33501-33600 337 33601-33700 338 33701-33800 339 33801-33900 340 33901-34000 341 34001-34100 342 34101-34200 343 34201-34300 344 34301-34400 345 34401-34500 346 34501-34600 347 34601-34700 348 34701-34800 349 34801-34900 350 34901-35000 351 35001-35100 352 35101-35200 353 35201-35300 354 35301-35400 355 35401-35500 356 35501-35600 357 35601-35700 358 35701-35800 359 35801-35900 360 35901-36000 361 36001-36100 362 36101-36200 363 36201-36300 364 36301-36400 365 36401-36500 366 36501-36600 367 36601-36700 368 36701-36800 369 36801-36900 370 36901-37000 371 37001-37100 372 37101-37200 373 37201-37300 374 37301-37400 375 37401-37500 376 37501-37600 377 37601-37700 378 37701-37800 379 37801-37900 380 37901-38000 381 38001-38100 382 38101-38200 383 38201-38300 384 38301-38400 385 38401-38500 386 38501-38600 387 38601-38700 388 38701-38800 389 38801-38900 390 38901-39000 391 39001-39100 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