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Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 15601-15700   *Has distinct variable group(s)
TypeLabelDescription
Statement
 
Theoremgeoisum1c 15601* The infinite sum of 𝐴 · (𝑅↑1) + 𝐴 · (𝑅↑2)... is (𝐴 · 𝑅) / (1 − 𝑅). (Contributed by NM, 2-Nov-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Apr-2014.)
((𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℂ ∧ (abs‘𝑅) < 1) → Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ (𝐴 · (𝑅𝑘)) = ((𝐴 · 𝑅) / (1 − 𝑅)))
 
Theorem0.999... 15602 The recurring decimal 0.999..., which is defined as the infinite sum 0.9 + 0.09 + 0.009 + ... i.e. 9 / 10↑1 + 9 / 10↑2 + 9 / 10↑3 + ..., is exactly equal to 1, according to ZF set theory. Interestingly, about 40% of the people responding to a poll at http://forum.physorg.com/index.php?showtopic=13177 disagree. (Contributed by NM, 2-Nov-2007.) (Revised by AV, 8-Sep-2021.)
Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ (9 / (10↑𝑘)) = 1
 
Theoremgeoihalfsum 15603 Prove that the infinite geometric series of 1/2, 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + ... = 1. Uses geoisum1 15600. This is a representation of .111... in binary with an infinite number of 1's. Theorem 0.999... 15602 proves a similar claim for .999... in base 10. (Contributed by David A. Wheeler, 4-Jan-2017.) (Proof shortened by AV, 9-Jul-2022.)
Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ (1 / (2↑𝑘)) = 1
 
5.10.10  Ratio test for infinite series convergence
 
Theoremcvgrat 15604* Ratio test for convergence of a complex infinite series. If the ratio 𝐴 of the absolute values of successive terms in an infinite sequence 𝐹 is less than 1 for all terms beyond some index 𝐵, then the infinite sum of the terms of 𝐹 converges to a complex number. Equivalent to first part of Exercise 4 of [Gleason] p. 182. (Contributed by NM, 26-Apr-2005.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 27-Apr-2014.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   𝑊 = (ℤ𝑁)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 < 1)    &   (𝜑𝑁𝑍)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑊) → (abs‘(𝐹‘(𝑘 + 1))) ≤ (𝐴 · (abs‘(𝐹𝑘))))       (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ∈ dom ⇝ )
 
5.10.11  Mertens' theorem
 
Theoremmertenslem1 15605* Lemma for mertens 15607. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 29-Apr-2014.)
((𝜑𝑗 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝐹𝑗) = 𝐴)    &   ((𝜑𝑗 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝐾𝑗) = (abs‘𝐴))    &   ((𝜑𝑗 ∈ ℕ0) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝐺𝑘) = 𝐵)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ ℕ0) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝐻𝑘) = Σ𝑗 ∈ (0...𝑘)(𝐴 · (𝐺‘(𝑘𝑗))))    &   (𝜑 → seq0( + , 𝐾) ∈ dom ⇝ )    &   (𝜑 → seq0( + , 𝐺) ∈ dom ⇝ )    &   (𝜑𝐸 ∈ ℝ+)    &   𝑇 = {𝑧 ∣ ∃𝑛 ∈ (0...(𝑠 − 1))𝑧 = (abs‘Σ𝑘 ∈ (ℤ‘(𝑛 + 1))(𝐺𝑘))}    &   (𝜓 ↔ (𝑠 ∈ ℕ ∧ ∀𝑛 ∈ (ℤ𝑠)(abs‘Σ𝑘 ∈ (ℤ‘(𝑛 + 1))(𝐺𝑘)) < ((𝐸 / 2) / (Σ𝑗 ∈ ℕ0 (𝐾𝑗) + 1))))    &   (𝜑 → (𝜓 ∧ (𝑡 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ ∀𝑚 ∈ (ℤ𝑡)(𝐾𝑚) < (((𝐸 / 2) / 𝑠) / (sup(𝑇, ℝ, < ) + 1)))))    &   (𝜑 → (0 ≤ sup(𝑇, ℝ, < ) ∧ (𝑇 ⊆ ℝ ∧ 𝑇 ≠ ∅ ∧ ∃𝑧 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑤𝑇 𝑤𝑧)))       (𝜑 → ∃𝑦 ∈ ℕ0𝑚 ∈ (ℤ𝑦)(abs‘Σ𝑗 ∈ (0...𝑚)(𝐴 · Σ𝑘 ∈ (ℤ‘((𝑚𝑗) + 1))𝐵)) < 𝐸)
 
Theoremmertenslem2 15606* Lemma for mertens 15607. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-Apr-2014.)
((𝜑𝑗 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝐹𝑗) = 𝐴)    &   ((𝜑𝑗 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝐾𝑗) = (abs‘𝐴))    &   ((𝜑𝑗 ∈ ℕ0) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝐺𝑘) = 𝐵)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ ℕ0) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝐻𝑘) = Σ𝑗 ∈ (0...𝑘)(𝐴 · (𝐺‘(𝑘𝑗))))    &   (𝜑 → seq0( + , 𝐾) ∈ dom ⇝ )    &   (𝜑 → seq0( + , 𝐺) ∈ dom ⇝ )    &   (𝜑𝐸 ∈ ℝ+)    &   𝑇 = {𝑧 ∣ ∃𝑛 ∈ (0...(𝑠 − 1))𝑧 = (abs‘Σ𝑘 ∈ (ℤ‘(𝑛 + 1))(𝐺𝑘))}    &   (𝜓 ↔ (𝑠 ∈ ℕ ∧ ∀𝑛 ∈ (ℤ𝑠)(abs‘Σ𝑘 ∈ (ℤ‘(𝑛 + 1))(𝐺𝑘)) < ((𝐸 / 2) / (Σ𝑗 ∈ ℕ0 (𝐾𝑗) + 1))))       (𝜑 → ∃𝑦 ∈ ℕ0𝑚 ∈ (ℤ𝑦)(abs‘Σ𝑗 ∈ (0...𝑚)(𝐴 · Σ𝑘 ∈ (ℤ‘((𝑚𝑗) + 1))𝐵)) < 𝐸)
 
Theoremmertens 15607* Mertens' theorem. If 𝐴(𝑗) is an absolutely convergent series and 𝐵(𝑘) is convergent, then 𝑗 ∈ ℕ0𝐴(𝑗) · Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ0𝐵(𝑘)) = Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ0Σ𝑗 ∈ (0...𝑘)(𝐴(𝑗) · 𝐵(𝑘𝑗)) (and this latter series is convergent). This latter sum is commonly known as the Cauchy product of the sequences. The proof follows the outline at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy_product#Proof_of_Mertens.27_theorem. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 29-Apr-2014.)
((𝜑𝑗 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝐹𝑗) = 𝐴)    &   ((𝜑𝑗 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝐾𝑗) = (abs‘𝐴))    &   ((𝜑𝑗 ∈ ℕ0) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝐺𝑘) = 𝐵)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ ℕ0) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝐻𝑘) = Σ𝑗 ∈ (0...𝑘)(𝐴 · (𝐺‘(𝑘𝑗))))    &   (𝜑 → seq0( + , 𝐾) ∈ dom ⇝ )    &   (𝜑 → seq0( + , 𝐺) ∈ dom ⇝ )       (𝜑 → seq0( + , 𝐻) ⇝ (Σ𝑗 ∈ ℕ0 𝐴 · Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ0 𝐵))
 
5.10.12  Finite and infinite products
 
5.10.12.1  Product sequences
 
Theoremprodf 15608* An infinite product of complex terms is a function from an upper set of integers to . (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → seq𝑀( · , 𝐹):𝑍⟶ℂ)
 
Theoremclim2prod 15609* The limit of an infinite product with an initial segment added. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Dec-2017.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑁𝑍)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑 → seq(𝑁 + 1)( · , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝐴)       (𝜑 → seq𝑀( · , 𝐹) ⇝ ((seq𝑀( · , 𝐹)‘𝑁) · 𝐴))
 
Theoremclim2div 15610* The limit of an infinite product with an initial segment removed. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 20-Dec-2017.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑁𝑍)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( · , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝐴)    &   (𝜑 → (seq𝑀( · , 𝐹)‘𝑁) ≠ 0)       (𝜑 → seq(𝑁 + 1)( · , 𝐹) ⇝ (𝐴 / (seq𝑀( · , 𝐹)‘𝑁)))
 
Theoremprodfmul 15611* The product of two infinite products. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → (𝐹𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → (𝐺𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → (𝐻𝑘) = ((𝐹𝑘) · (𝐺𝑘)))       (𝜑 → (seq𝑀( · , 𝐻)‘𝑁) = ((seq𝑀( · , 𝐹)‘𝑁) · (seq𝑀( · , 𝐺)‘𝑁)))
 
Theoremprodf1 15612 The value of the partial products in a one-valued infinite product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 5-Dec-2017.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)       (𝑁𝑍 → (seq𝑀( · , (𝑍 × {1}))‘𝑁) = 1)
 
Theoremprodf1f 15613 A one-valued infinite product is equal to the constant one function. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 5-Dec-2017.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)       (𝑀 ∈ ℤ → seq𝑀( · , (𝑍 × {1})) = (𝑍 × {1}))
 
Theoremprodfclim1 15614 The constant one product converges to one. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 5-Dec-2017.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)       (𝑀 ∈ ℤ → seq𝑀( · , (𝑍 × {1})) ⇝ 1)
 
Theoremprodfn0 15615* No term of a nonzero infinite product is zero. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 14-Jan-2018.)
(𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → (𝐹𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → (𝐹𝑘) ≠ 0)       (𝜑 → (seq𝑀( · , 𝐹)‘𝑁) ≠ 0)
 
Theoremprodfrec 15616* The reciprocal of an infinite product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 15-Jan-2018.)
(𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → (𝐹𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → (𝐹𝑘) ≠ 0)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → (𝐺𝑘) = (1 / (𝐹𝑘)))       (𝜑 → (seq𝑀( · , 𝐺)‘𝑁) = (1 / (seq𝑀( · , 𝐹)‘𝑁)))
 
Theoremprodfdiv 15617* The quotient of two infinite products. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 15-Jan-2018.)
(𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → (𝐹𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → (𝐺𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → (𝐺𝑘) ≠ 0)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → (𝐻𝑘) = ((𝐹𝑘) / (𝐺𝑘)))       (𝜑 → (seq𝑀( · , 𝐻)‘𝑁) = ((seq𝑀( · , 𝐹)‘𝑁) / (seq𝑀( · , 𝐺)‘𝑁)))
 
5.10.12.2  Non-trivial convergence
 
Theoremntrivcvg 15618* A non-trivially converging infinite product converges. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Dec-2017.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑 → ∃𝑛𝑍𝑦(𝑦 ≠ 0 ∧ seq𝑛( · , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝑦))    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → seq𝑀( · , 𝐹) ∈ dom ⇝ )
 
Theoremntrivcvgn0 15619* A product that converges to a nonzero value converges non-trivially. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Dec-2017.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( · , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝑋)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ≠ 0)       (𝜑 → ∃𝑛𝑍𝑦(𝑦 ≠ 0 ∧ seq𝑛( · , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝑦))
 
Theoremntrivcvgfvn0 15620* Any value of a product sequence that converges to a nonzero value is itself nonzero. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 20-Dec-2017.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑁𝑍)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( · , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝑋)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ≠ 0)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → (seq𝑀( · , 𝐹)‘𝑁) ≠ 0)
 
Theoremntrivcvgtail 15621* A tail of a non-trivially convergent sequence converges non-trivially. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 20-Dec-2017.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑁𝑍)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( · , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝑋)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ≠ 0)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → (( ⇝ ‘seq𝑁( · , 𝐹)) ≠ 0 ∧ seq𝑁( · , 𝐹) ⇝ ( ⇝ ‘seq𝑁( · , 𝐹))))
 
Theoremntrivcvgmullem 15622* Lemma for ntrivcvgmul 15623. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 19-Dec-2017.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑁𝑍)    &   (𝜑𝑃𝑍)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ≠ 0)    &   (𝜑𝑌 ≠ 0)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑁( · , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝑋)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑃( · , 𝐺) ⇝ 𝑌)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐺𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑𝑁𝑃)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐻𝑘) = ((𝐹𝑘) · (𝐺𝑘)))       (𝜑 → ∃𝑞𝑍𝑤(𝑤 ≠ 0 ∧ seq𝑞( · , 𝐻) ⇝ 𝑤))
 
Theoremntrivcvgmul 15623* The product of two non-trivially converging products converges non-trivially. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Dec-2017.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑 → ∃𝑛𝑍𝑦(𝑦 ≠ 0 ∧ seq𝑛( · , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝑦))    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑 → ∃𝑚𝑍𝑧(𝑧 ≠ 0 ∧ seq𝑚( · , 𝐺) ⇝ 𝑧))    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐺𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐻𝑘) = ((𝐹𝑘) · (𝐺𝑘)))       (𝜑 → ∃𝑝𝑍𝑤(𝑤 ≠ 0 ∧ seq𝑝( · , 𝐻) ⇝ 𝑤))
 
5.10.12.3  Complex products
 
Syntaxcprod 15624 Extend class notation to include complex products.
class 𝑘𝐴 𝐵
 
Definitiondf-prod 15625* Define the product of a series with an index set of integers 𝐴. This definition takes most of the aspects of df-sum 15407 and adapts them for multiplication instead of addition. However, we insist that in the infinite case, there is a nonzero tail of the sequence. This ensures that the convergence criteria match those of infinite sums. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
𝑘𝐴 𝐵 = (℩𝑥(∃𝑚 ∈ ℤ (𝐴 ⊆ (ℤ𝑚) ∧ ∃𝑛 ∈ (ℤ𝑚)∃𝑦(𝑦 ≠ 0 ∧ seq𝑛( · , (𝑘 ∈ ℤ ↦ if(𝑘𝐴, 𝐵, 1))) ⇝ 𝑦) ∧ seq𝑚( · , (𝑘 ∈ ℤ ↦ if(𝑘𝐴, 𝐵, 1))) ⇝ 𝑥) ∨ ∃𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∃𝑓(𝑓:(1...𝑚)–1-1-onto𝐴𝑥 = (seq1( · , (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑓𝑛) / 𝑘𝐵))‘𝑚))))
 
Theoremprodex 15626 A product is a set. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
𝑘𝐴 𝐵 ∈ V
 
Theoremprodeq1f 15627 Equality theorem for a product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 1-Dec-2017.)
𝑘𝐴    &   𝑘𝐵       (𝐴 = 𝐵 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐶 = ∏𝑘𝐵 𝐶)
 
Theoremprodeq1 15628* Equality theorem for a product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 1-Dec-2017.)
(𝐴 = 𝐵 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐶 = ∏𝑘𝐵 𝐶)
 
Theoremnfcprod1 15629* Bound-variable hypothesis builder for product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
𝑘𝐴       𝑘𝑘𝐴 𝐵
 
Theoremnfcprod 15630* Bound-variable hypothesis builder for product: if 𝑥 is (effectively) not free in 𝐴 and 𝐵, it is not free in 𝑘𝐴𝐵. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 1-Dec-2017.)
𝑥𝐴    &   𝑥𝐵       𝑥𝑘𝐴 𝐵
 
Theoremprodeq2w 15631* Equality theorem for product, when the class expressions 𝐵 and 𝐶 are equal everywhere. Proved using only Extensionality. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
(∀𝑘 𝐵 = 𝐶 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵 = ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐶)
 
Theoremprodeq2ii 15632* Equality theorem for product, with the class expressions 𝐵 and 𝐶 guarded by I to be always sets. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
(∀𝑘𝐴 ( I ‘𝐵) = ( I ‘𝐶) → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵 = ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐶)
 
Theoremprodeq2 15633* Equality theorem for product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
(∀𝑘𝐴 𝐵 = 𝐶 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵 = ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐶)
 
Theoremcbvprod 15634* Change bound variable in a product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
(𝑗 = 𝑘𝐵 = 𝐶)    &   𝑘𝐴    &   𝑗𝐴    &   𝑘𝐵    &   𝑗𝐶       𝑗𝐴 𝐵 = ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐶
 
Theoremcbvprodv 15635* Change bound variable in a product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
(𝑗 = 𝑘𝐵 = 𝐶)       𝑗𝐴 𝐵 = ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐶
 
Theoremcbvprodi 15636* Change bound variable in a product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
𝑘𝐵    &   𝑗𝐶    &   (𝑗 = 𝑘𝐵 = 𝐶)       𝑗𝐴 𝐵 = ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐶
 
Theoremprodeq1i 15637* Equality inference for product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
𝐴 = 𝐵       𝑘𝐴 𝐶 = ∏𝑘𝐵 𝐶
 
Theoremprodeq2i 15638* Equality inference for product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
(𝑘𝐴𝐵 = 𝐶)       𝑘𝐴 𝐵 = ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐶
 
Theoremprodeq12i 15639* Equality inference for product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
𝐴 = 𝐵    &   (𝑘𝐴𝐶 = 𝐷)       𝑘𝐴 𝐶 = ∏𝑘𝐵 𝐷
 
Theoremprodeq1d 15640* Equality deduction for product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑𝐴 = 𝐵)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐶 = ∏𝑘𝐵 𝐶)
 
Theoremprodeq2d 15641* Equality deduction for product. Note that unlike prodeq2dv 15642, 𝑘 may occur in 𝜑. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑 → ∀𝑘𝐴 𝐵 = 𝐶)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵 = ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐶)
 
Theoremprodeq2dv 15642* Equality deduction for product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 = 𝐶)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵 = ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐶)
 
Theoremprodeq2sdv 15643* Equality deduction for product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑𝐵 = 𝐶)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵 = ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐶)
 
Theorem2cprodeq2dv 15644* Equality deduction for double product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
((𝜑𝑗𝐴𝑘𝐵) → 𝐶 = 𝐷)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑗𝐴𝑘𝐵 𝐶 = ∏𝑗𝐴𝑘𝐵 𝐷)
 
Theoremprodeq12dv 15645* Equality deduction for product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑𝐴 = 𝐵)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐶 = 𝐷)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐶 = ∏𝑘𝐵 𝐷)
 
Theoremprodeq12rdv 15646* Equality deduction for product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑𝐴 = 𝐵)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐵) → 𝐶 = 𝐷)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐶 = ∏𝑘𝐵 𝐷)
 
Theoremprod2id 15647* The second class argument to a product can be chosen so that it is always a set. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
𝑘𝐴 𝐵 = ∏𝑘𝐴 ( I ‘𝐵)
 
Theoremprodrblem 15648* Lemma for prodrb 15651. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
𝐹 = (𝑘 ∈ ℤ ↦ if(𝑘𝐴, 𝐵, 1))    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))       ((𝜑𝐴 ⊆ (ℤ𝑁)) → (seq𝑀( · , 𝐹) ↾ (ℤ𝑁)) = seq𝑁( · , 𝐹))
 
Theoremfprodcvg 15649* The sequence of partial products of a finite product converges to the whole product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
𝐹 = (𝑘 ∈ ℤ ↦ if(𝑘𝐴, 𝐵, 1))    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝐴 ⊆ (𝑀...𝑁))       (𝜑 → seq𝑀( · , 𝐹) ⇝ (seq𝑀( · , 𝐹)‘𝑁))
 
Theoremprodrblem2 15650* Lemma for prodrb 15651. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
𝐹 = (𝑘 ∈ ℤ ↦ if(𝑘𝐴, 𝐵, 1))    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ⊆ (ℤ𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝐴 ⊆ (ℤ𝑁))       ((𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀)) → (seq𝑀( · , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝐶 ↔ seq𝑁( · , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝐶))
 
Theoremprodrb 15651* Rebase the starting point of a product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
𝐹 = (𝑘 ∈ ℤ ↦ if(𝑘𝐴, 𝐵, 1))    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ⊆ (ℤ𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝐴 ⊆ (ℤ𝑁))       (𝜑 → (seq𝑀( · , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝐶 ↔ seq𝑁( · , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝐶))
 
Theoremprodmolem3 15652* Lemma for prodmo 15655. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
𝐹 = (𝑘 ∈ ℤ ↦ if(𝑘𝐴, 𝐵, 1))    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   𝐺 = (𝑗 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑓𝑗) / 𝑘𝐵)    &   𝐻 = (𝑗 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝐾𝑗) / 𝑘𝐵)    &   (𝜑 → (𝑀 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ))    &   (𝜑𝑓:(1...𝑀)–1-1-onto𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝐾:(1...𝑁)–1-1-onto𝐴)       (𝜑 → (seq1( · , 𝐺)‘𝑀) = (seq1( · , 𝐻)‘𝑁))
 
Theoremprodmolem2a 15653* Lemma for prodmo 15655. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
𝐹 = (𝑘 ∈ ℤ ↦ if(𝑘𝐴, 𝐵, 1))    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   𝐺 = (𝑗 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑓𝑗) / 𝑘𝐵)    &   𝐻 = (𝑗 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝐾𝑗) / 𝑘𝐵)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ⊆ (ℤ𝑀))    &   (𝜑𝑓:(1...𝑁)–1-1-onto𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝐾 Isom < , < ((1...(♯‘𝐴)), 𝐴))       (𝜑 → seq𝑀( · , 𝐹) ⇝ (seq1( · , 𝐺)‘𝑁))
 
Theoremprodmolem2 15654* Lemma for prodmo 15655. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
𝐹 = (𝑘 ∈ ℤ ↦ if(𝑘𝐴, 𝐵, 1))    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   𝐺 = (𝑗 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑓𝑗) / 𝑘𝐵)       ((𝜑 ∧ ∃𝑚 ∈ ℤ (𝐴 ⊆ (ℤ𝑚) ∧ ∃𝑛 ∈ (ℤ𝑚)∃𝑦(𝑦 ≠ 0 ∧ seq𝑛( · , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝑦) ∧ seq𝑚( · , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝑥)) → (∃𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∃𝑓(𝑓:(1...𝑚)–1-1-onto𝐴𝑧 = (seq1( · , 𝐺)‘𝑚)) → 𝑥 = 𝑧))
 
Theoremprodmo 15655* A product has at most one limit. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Dec-2017.)
𝐹 = (𝑘 ∈ ℤ ↦ if(𝑘𝐴, 𝐵, 1))    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   𝐺 = (𝑗 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑓𝑗) / 𝑘𝐵)       (𝜑 → ∃*𝑥(∃𝑚 ∈ ℤ (𝐴 ⊆ (ℤ𝑚) ∧ ∃𝑛 ∈ (ℤ𝑚)∃𝑦(𝑦 ≠ 0 ∧ seq𝑛( · , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝑦) ∧ seq𝑚( · , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝑥) ∨ ∃𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∃𝑓(𝑓:(1...𝑚)–1-1-onto𝐴𝑥 = (seq1( · , 𝐺)‘𝑚))))
 
Theoremzprod 15656* Series product with index set a subset of the upper integers. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 5-Dec-2017.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑 → ∃𝑛𝑍𝑦(𝑦 ≠ 0 ∧ seq𝑛( · , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝑦))    &   (𝜑𝐴𝑍)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) = if(𝑘𝐴, 𝐵, 1))    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵 = ( ⇝ ‘seq𝑀( · , 𝐹)))
 
Theoremiprod 15657* Series product with an upper integer index set (i.e. an infinite product.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 5-Dec-2017.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑 → ∃𝑛𝑍𝑦(𝑦 ≠ 0 ∧ seq𝑛( · , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝑦))    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) = 𝐵)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝑍 𝐵 = ( ⇝ ‘seq𝑀( · , 𝐹)))
 
Theoremzprodn0 15658* Nonzero series product with index set a subset of the upper integers. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 6-Dec-2017.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ≠ 0)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( · , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝑋)    &   (𝜑𝐴𝑍)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) = if(𝑘𝐴, 𝐵, 1))    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵 = 𝑋)
 
Theoremiprodn0 15659* Nonzero series product with an upper integer index set (i.e. an infinite product.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 6-Dec-2017.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝑋 ≠ 0)    &   (𝜑 → seq𝑀( · , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝑋)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → (𝐹𝑘) = 𝐵)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝑍 𝐵 = 𝑋)
 
5.10.12.4  Finite products
 
Theoremfprod 15660* The value of a product over a nonempty finite set. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 6-Dec-2017.)
(𝑘 = (𝐹𝑛) → 𝐵 = 𝐶)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   (𝜑𝐹:(1...𝑀)–1-1-onto𝐴)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑛 ∈ (1...𝑀)) → (𝐺𝑛) = 𝐶)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵 = (seq1( · , 𝐺)‘𝑀))
 
Theoremfprodntriv 15661* A non-triviality lemma for finite sequences. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 16-Dec-2017.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑁𝑍)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ⊆ (𝑀...𝑁))       (𝜑 → ∃𝑛𝑍𝑦(𝑦 ≠ 0 ∧ seq𝑛( · , (𝑘𝑍 ↦ if(𝑘𝐴, 𝐵, 1))) ⇝ 𝑦))
 
Theoremprod0 15662 A product over the empty set is one. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 5-Dec-2017.)
𝑘 ∈ ∅ 𝐴 = 1
 
Theoremprod1 15663* Any product of one over a valid set is one. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 7-Dec-2017.)
((𝐴 ⊆ (ℤ𝑀) ∨ 𝐴 ∈ Fin) → ∏𝑘𝐴 1 = 1)
 
Theoremprodfc 15664* A lemma to facilitate conversions from the function form to the class-variable form of a product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 7-Dec-2017.)
𝑗𝐴 ((𝑘𝐴𝐵)‘𝑗) = ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵
 
Theoremfprodf1o 15665* Re-index a finite product using a bijection. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 7-Dec-2017.)
(𝑘 = 𝐺𝐵 = 𝐷)    &   (𝜑𝐶 ∈ Fin)    &   (𝜑𝐹:𝐶1-1-onto𝐴)    &   ((𝜑𝑛𝐶) → (𝐹𝑛) = 𝐺)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵 = ∏𝑛𝐶 𝐷)
 
Theoremprodss 15666* Change the index set to a subset in an upper integer product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 11-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑𝐴𝐵)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑 → ∃𝑛 ∈ (ℤ𝑀)∃𝑦(𝑦 ≠ 0 ∧ seq𝑛( · , (𝑘 ∈ (ℤ𝑀) ↦ if(𝑘𝐵, 𝐶, 1))) ⇝ 𝑦))    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝐵𝐴)) → 𝐶 = 1)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ⊆ (ℤ𝑀))       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐶 = ∏𝑘𝐵 𝐶)
 
Theoremfprodss 15667* Change the index set to a subset in a finite product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 16-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑𝐴𝐵)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝐵𝐴)) → 𝐶 = 1)    &   (𝜑𝐵 ∈ Fin)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐶 = ∏𝑘𝐵 𝐶)
 
Theoremfprodser 15668* A finite product expressed in terms of a partial product of an infinite sequence. The recursive definition of a finite product follows from here. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 14-Dec-2017.)
((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → (𝐹𝑘) = 𝐴)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)𝐴 = (seq𝑀( · , 𝐹)‘𝑁))
 
Theoremfprodcl2lem 15669* Finite product closure lemma. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 14-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑𝑆 ⊆ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥𝑆𝑦𝑆)) → (𝑥 · 𝑦) ∈ 𝑆)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵𝑆)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ≠ ∅)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵𝑆)
 
Theoremfprodcllem 15670* Finite product closure lemma. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 14-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑𝑆 ⊆ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥𝑆𝑦𝑆)) → (𝑥 · 𝑦) ∈ 𝑆)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵𝑆)    &   (𝜑 → 1 ∈ 𝑆)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵𝑆)
 
Theoremfprodcl 15671* Closure of a finite product of complex numbers. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 14-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)
 
Theoremfprodrecl 15672* Closure of a finite product of real numbers. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 14-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)
 
Theoremfprodzcl 15673* Closure of a finite product of integers. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 14-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℤ)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵 ∈ ℤ)
 
Theoremfprodnncl 15674* Closure of a finite product of positive integers. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 14-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℕ)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵 ∈ ℕ)
 
Theoremfprodrpcl 15675* Closure of a finite product of positive reals. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 14-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ+)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵 ∈ ℝ+)
 
Theoremfprodnn0cl 15676* Closure of a finite product of nonnegative integers. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 14-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℕ0)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵 ∈ ℕ0)
 
Theoremfprodcllemf 15677* Finite product closure lemma. A version of fprodcllem 15670 using bound-variable hypotheses instead of distinct variable conditions. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 5-Apr-2020.)
𝑘𝜑    &   (𝜑𝑆 ⊆ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥𝑆𝑦𝑆)) → (𝑥 · 𝑦) ∈ 𝑆)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵𝑆)    &   (𝜑 → 1 ∈ 𝑆)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵𝑆)
 
Theoremfprodreclf 15678* Closure of a finite product of real numbers. A version of fprodrecl 15672 using bound-variable hypotheses instead of distinct variable conditions. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 5-Apr-2020.)
𝑘𝜑    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)
 
Theoremfprodmul 15679* The product of two finite products. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 14-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 (𝐵 · 𝐶) = (∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵 · ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐶))
 
Theoremfproddiv 15680* The quotient of two finite products. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 15-Jan-2018.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐶 ≠ 0)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 (𝐵 / 𝐶) = (∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵 / ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐶))
 
Theoremprodsn 15681* A product of a singleton is the term. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 14-Dec-2017.)
(𝑘 = 𝑀𝐴 = 𝐵)       ((𝑀𝑉𝐵 ∈ ℂ) → ∏𝑘 ∈ {𝑀}𝐴 = 𝐵)
 
Theoremfprod1 15682* A finite product of only one term is the term itself. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 14-Dec-2017.)
(𝑘 = 𝑀𝐴 = 𝐵)       ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ) → ∏𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑀)𝐴 = 𝐵)
 
Theoremprodsnf 15683* A product of a singleton is the term. A version of prodsn 15681 using bound-variable hypotheses instead of distinct variable conditions. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 5-Apr-2020.)
𝑘𝐵    &   (𝑘 = 𝑀𝐴 = 𝐵)       ((𝑀𝑉𝐵 ∈ ℂ) → ∏𝑘 ∈ {𝑀}𝐴 = 𝐵)
 
Theoremclimprod1 15684 The limit of a product over one. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 15-Dec-2017.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)       (𝜑 → seq𝑀( · , (𝑍 × {1})) ⇝ 1)
 
Theoremfprodsplit 15685* Split a finite product into two parts. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 16-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑 → (𝐴𝐵) = ∅)    &   (𝜑𝑈 = (𝐴𝐵))    &   (𝜑𝑈 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑈) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝑈 𝐶 = (∏𝑘𝐴 𝐶 · ∏𝑘𝐵 𝐶))
 
Theoremfprodm1 15686* Separate out the last term in a finite product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 16-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝑘 = 𝑁𝐴 = 𝐵)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)𝐴 = (∏𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...(𝑁 − 1))𝐴 · 𝐵))
 
Theoremfprod1p 15687* Separate out the first term in a finite product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 24-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝑘 = 𝑀𝐴 = 𝐵)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)𝐴 = (𝐵 · ∏𝑘 ∈ ((𝑀 + 1)...𝑁)𝐴))
 
Theoremfprodp1 15688* Multiply in the last term in a finite product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 24-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...(𝑁 + 1))) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝑘 = (𝑁 + 1) → 𝐴 = 𝐵)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...(𝑁 + 1))𝐴 = (∏𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)𝐴 · 𝐵))
 
Theoremfprodm1s 15689* Separate out the last term in a finite product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 27-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)𝐴 = (∏𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...(𝑁 − 1))𝐴 · 𝑁 / 𝑘𝐴))
 
Theoremfprodp1s 15690* Multiply in the last term in a finite product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 27-Dec-2017.)
(𝜑𝑁 ∈ (ℤ𝑀))    &   ((𝜑𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...(𝑁 + 1))) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...(𝑁 + 1))𝐴 = (∏𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)𝐴 · (𝑁 + 1) / 𝑘𝐴))
 
Theoremprodsns 15691* A product of the singleton is the term. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 25-Dec-2017.)
((𝑀𝑉𝑀 / 𝑘𝐴 ∈ ℂ) → ∏𝑘 ∈ {𝑀}𝐴 = 𝑀 / 𝑘𝐴)
 
Theoremfprodfac 15692* Factorial using product notation. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 15-Dec-2017.)
(𝐴 ∈ ℕ0 → (!‘𝐴) = ∏𝑘 ∈ (1...𝐴)𝑘)
 
Theoremfprodabs 15693* The absolute value of a finite product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 25-Dec-2017.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑁𝑍)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → (abs‘∏𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)𝐴) = ∏𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)(abs‘𝐴))
 
Theoremfprodeq0 15694* Any finite product containing a zero term is itself zero. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 27-Dec-2017.)
𝑍 = (ℤ𝑀)    &   (𝜑𝑁𝑍)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝑍) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘 = 𝑁) → 𝐴 = 0)       ((𝜑𝐾 ∈ (ℤ𝑁)) → ∏𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝐾)𝐴 = 0)
 
Theoremfprodshft 15695* Shift the index of a finite product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 5-Jan-2018.)
(𝜑𝐾 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℤ)    &   ((𝜑𝑗 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝑗 = (𝑘𝐾) → 𝐴 = 𝐵)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑗 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)𝐴 = ∏𝑘 ∈ ((𝑀 + 𝐾)...(𝑁 + 𝐾))𝐵)
 
Theoremfprodrev 15696* Reversal of a finite product. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 5-Jan-2018.)
(𝜑𝐾 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   (𝜑𝑁 ∈ ℤ)    &   ((𝜑𝑗 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝑗 = (𝐾𝑘) → 𝐴 = 𝐵)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑗 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)𝐴 = ∏𝑘 ∈ ((𝐾𝑁)...(𝐾𝑀))𝐵)
 
Theoremfprodconst 15697* The product of constant terms (𝑘 is not free in 𝐵). (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 12-Jan-2018.)
((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ) → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵 = (𝐵↑(♯‘𝐴)))
 
Theoremfprodn0 15698* A finite product of nonzero terms is nonzero. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 15-Jan-2018.)
(𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   ((𝜑𝑘𝐴) → 𝐵 ≠ 0)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑘𝐴 𝐵 ≠ 0)
 
Theoremfprod2dlem 15699* Lemma for fprod2d 15700- induction step. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 30-Jan-2018.)
(𝑧 = ⟨𝑗, 𝑘⟩ → 𝐷 = 𝐶)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑗𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑗𝐴𝑘𝐵)) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   (𝜑 → ¬ 𝑦𝑥)    &   (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∪ {𝑦}) ⊆ 𝐴)    &   (𝜓 ↔ ∏𝑗𝑥𝑘𝐵 𝐶 = ∏𝑧 𝑗𝑥 ({𝑗} × 𝐵)𝐷)       ((𝜑𝜓) → ∏𝑗 ∈ (𝑥 ∪ {𝑦})∏𝑘𝐵 𝐶 = ∏𝑧 𝑗 ∈ (𝑥 ∪ {𝑦})({𝑗} × 𝐵)𝐷)
 
Theoremfprod2d 15700* Write a double product as a product over a two-dimensional region. Compare fsum2d 15492. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 30-Jan-2018.)
(𝑧 = ⟨𝑗, 𝑘⟩ → 𝐷 = 𝐶)    &   (𝜑𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑𝑗𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑗𝐴𝑘𝐵)) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)       (𝜑 → ∏𝑗𝐴𝑘𝐵 𝐶 = ∏𝑧 𝑗𝐴 ({𝑗} × 𝐵)𝐷)
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