P. 56 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 5501-5600   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	pocl 5501	Characteristic properties of a partial order in class notation. (Contributed by NM, 27-Mar-1997.) Reduce axiom usage and shorten proof. (Revised by Gino Giotto, 3-Oct-2024.)
⊢ (𝑅 Po 𝐴 → ((𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝐴) → (¬ 𝐵𝑅𝐵 ∧ ((𝐵𝑅𝐶 ∧ 𝐶𝑅𝐷) → 𝐵𝑅𝐷))))
Theorem	poclOLD 5502	Obsolete version of pocl 5501 as of 3-Oct-2024. (Contributed by NM, 27-Mar-1997.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ (𝑅 Po 𝐴 → ((𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝐴) → (¬ 𝐵𝑅𝐵 ∧ ((𝐵𝑅𝐶 ∧ 𝐶𝑅𝐷) → 𝐵𝑅𝐷))))
Theorem	ispod 5503*	Sufficient conditions for a partial order. (Contributed by NM, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → ¬ 𝑥𝑅𝑥)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐴)) → ((𝑥𝑅𝑦 ∧ 𝑦𝑅𝑧) → 𝑥𝑅𝑧))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Po 𝐴)
Theorem	swopolem 5504*	Perform the substitutions into the strict weak ordering law. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 31-Dec-2014.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝑥𝑅𝑦 → (𝑥𝑅𝑧 ∨ 𝑧𝑅𝑦)))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑍 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝑋𝑅𝑌 → (𝑋𝑅𝑍 ∨ 𝑍𝑅𝑌)))
Theorem	swopo 5505*	A strict weak order is a partial order. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝑦𝑅𝑧 → ¬ 𝑧𝑅𝑦))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝑥𝑅𝑦 → (𝑥𝑅𝑧 ∨ 𝑧𝑅𝑦)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Po 𝐴)
Theorem	poirr 5506	A partial order is irreflexive. (Contributed by NM, 27-Mar-1997.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Po 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴) → ¬ 𝐵𝑅𝐵)
Theorem	potr 5507	A partial order is a transitive relation. (Contributed by NM, 27-Mar-1997.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Po 𝐴 ∧ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝐴)) → ((𝐵𝑅𝐶 ∧ 𝐶𝑅𝐷) → 𝐵𝑅𝐷))
Theorem	po2nr 5508	A partial order has no 2-cycle loops. (Contributed by NM, 27-Mar-1997.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Po 𝐴 ∧ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴)) → ¬ (𝐵𝑅𝐶 ∧ 𝐶𝑅𝐵))
Theorem	po3nr 5509	A partial order has no 3-cycle loops. (Contributed by NM, 27-Mar-1997.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Po 𝐴 ∧ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝐴)) → ¬ (𝐵𝑅𝐶 ∧ 𝐶𝑅𝐷 ∧ 𝐷𝑅𝐵))
Theorem	po2ne 5510	Two sets related by a partial order are not equal. (Contributed by AV, 13-Mar-2023.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Po 𝑉 ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉) ∧ 𝐴𝑅𝐵) → 𝐴 ≠ 𝐵)
Theorem	po0 5511	Any relation is a partial order on the empty set. (Contributed by NM, 28-Mar-1997.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 25-Jul-2011.)
⊢ 𝑅 Po ∅
Theorem	pofun 5512*	The inverse image of a partial order is a partial order. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 18-Jun-2011.)
⊢ 𝑆 = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ 𝑋𝑅𝑌}    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → 𝑋 = 𝑌)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 Po 𝐵 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → 𝑆 Po 𝐴)
Theorem	sopo 5513	A strict linear order is a strict partial order. (Contributed by NM, 28-Mar-1997.)
⊢ (𝑅 Or 𝐴 → 𝑅 Po 𝐴)
Theorem	soss 5514	Subset theorem for the strict ordering predicate. (Contributed by NM, 16-Mar-1997.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 25-Jul-2011.)
⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 → (𝑅 Or 𝐵 → 𝑅 Or 𝐴))
Theorem	soeq1 5515	Equality theorem for the strict ordering predicate. (Contributed by NM, 16-Mar-1997.)
⊢ (𝑅 = 𝑆 → (𝑅 Or 𝐴 ↔ 𝑆 Or 𝐴))
Theorem	soeq2 5516	Equality theorem for the strict ordering predicate. (Contributed by NM, 16-Mar-1997.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → (𝑅 Or 𝐴 ↔ 𝑅 Or 𝐵))
Theorem	sonr 5517	A strict order relation is irreflexive. (Contributed by NM, 24-Nov-1995.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Or 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴) → ¬ 𝐵𝑅𝐵)
Theorem	sotr 5518	A strict order relation is a transitive relation. (Contributed by NM, 21-Jan-1996.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Or 𝐴 ∧ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝐴)) → ((𝐵𝑅𝐶 ∧ 𝐶𝑅𝐷) → 𝐵𝑅𝐷))
Theorem	solin 5519	A strict order relation is linear (satisfies trichotomy). (Contributed by NM, 21-Jan-1996.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Or 𝐴 ∧ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝐵𝑅𝐶 ∨ 𝐵 = 𝐶 ∨ 𝐶𝑅𝐵))
Theorem	so2nr 5520	A strict order relation has no 2-cycle loops. (Contributed by NM, 21-Jan-1996.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Or 𝐴 ∧ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴)) → ¬ (𝐵𝑅𝐶 ∧ 𝐶𝑅𝐵))
Theorem	so3nr 5521	A strict order relation has no 3-cycle loops. (Contributed by NM, 21-Jan-1996.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Or 𝐴 ∧ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝐴)) → ¬ (𝐵𝑅𝐶 ∧ 𝐶𝑅𝐷 ∧ 𝐷𝑅𝐵))
Theorem	sotric 5522	A strict order relation satisfies strict trichotomy. (Contributed by NM, 19-Feb-1996.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Or 𝐴 ∧ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝐵𝑅𝐶 ↔ ¬ (𝐵 = 𝐶 ∨ 𝐶𝑅𝐵)))
Theorem	sotrieq 5523	Trichotomy law for strict order relation. (Contributed by NM, 9-Apr-1996.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 25-Jul-2011.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Or 𝐴 ∧ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝐵 = 𝐶 ↔ ¬ (𝐵𝑅𝐶 ∨ 𝐶𝑅𝐵)))
Theorem	sotrieq2 5524	Trichotomy law for strict order relation. (Contributed by NM, 5-May-1999.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Or 𝐴 ∧ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝐵 = 𝐶 ↔ (¬ 𝐵𝑅𝐶 ∧ ¬ 𝐶𝑅𝐵)))
Theorem	soasym 5525	Asymmetry law for strict orderings. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 24-Nov-2021.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Or 𝐴 ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝑋𝑅𝑌 → ¬ 𝑌𝑅𝑋))
Theorem	sotr2 5526	A transitivity relation. (Read 𝐵 ≤ 𝐶 and 𝐶 < 𝐷 implies 𝐵 < 𝐷.) (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-May-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Or 𝐴 ∧ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝐴)) → ((¬ 𝐶𝑅𝐵 ∧ 𝐶𝑅𝐷) → 𝐵𝑅𝐷))
Theorem	issod 5527*	An irreflexive, transitive, linear relation is a strict ordering. (Contributed by NM, 21-Jan-1996.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Po 𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝑥𝑅𝑦 ∨ 𝑥 = 𝑦 ∨ 𝑦𝑅𝑥))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Or 𝐴)
Theorem	issoi 5528*	An irreflexive, transitive, linear relation is a strict ordering. (Contributed by NM, 21-Jan-1996.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → ¬ 𝑥𝑅𝑥)    &   ⊢ ((𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐴) → ((𝑥𝑅𝑦 ∧ 𝑦𝑅𝑧) → 𝑥𝑅𝑧))    &   ⊢ ((𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝑥𝑅𝑦 ∨ 𝑥 = 𝑦 ∨ 𝑦𝑅𝑥))    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑅 Or 𝐴
Theorem	isso2i 5529*	Deduce strict ordering from its properties. (Contributed by NM, 29-Jan-1996.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝑥𝑅𝑦 ↔ ¬ (𝑥 = 𝑦 ∨ 𝑦𝑅𝑥)))    &   ⊢ ((𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐴) → ((𝑥𝑅𝑦 ∧ 𝑦𝑅𝑧) → 𝑥𝑅𝑧))    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑅 Or 𝐴
Theorem	so0 5530	Any relation is a strict ordering of the empty set. (Contributed by NM, 16-Mar-1997.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 25-Jul-2011.)
⊢ 𝑅 Or ∅
Theorem	somo 5531*	A totally ordered set has at most one minimal element. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Jun-2015.) (Revised by NM, 16-Jun-2017.)
⊢ (𝑅 Or 𝐴 → ∃*𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ¬ 𝑦𝑅𝑥)
2.3.9  Founded and well-ordering relations
Syntax	wfr 5532	Extend wff notation to include the well-founded predicate. Read: "𝑅 is a well-founded relation on 𝐴".
wff 𝑅 Fr 𝐴
Syntax	wse 5533	Extend wff notation to include the set-like predicate. Read: "𝑅 is set-like on 𝐴".
wff 𝑅 Se 𝐴
Syntax	wwe 5534	Extend wff notation to include the well-ordering predicate. Read: "𝑅 well-orders 𝐴".
wff 𝑅 We 𝐴
Definition	df-fr 5535*	Define the well-founded relation predicate. Definition 6.24(1) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 30. For alternate definitions, see dffr2 5544 and dffr3 5996. A class is called well-founded when the membership relation E (see df-eprel 5486) is well-founded on it, that is, 𝐴 is well-founded if E Fr 𝐴 (some sources request that the membership relation be well-founded on its transitive closure). (Contributed by NM, 3-Apr-1994.)
⊢ (𝑅 Fr 𝐴 ↔ ∀𝑥((𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑥 ≠ ∅) → ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝑥 ¬ 𝑧𝑅𝑦))
Definition	df-se 5536*	Define the set-like predicate. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 19-Nov-2014.)
⊢ (𝑅 Se 𝐴 ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 {𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝑦𝑅𝑥} ∈ V)
Definition	df-we 5537	Define the well-ordering predicate. For an alternate definition, see dfwe2 7602. (Contributed by NM, 3-Apr-1994.)
⊢ (𝑅 We 𝐴 ↔ (𝑅 Fr 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Or 𝐴))
Theorem	dffr6 5538*	Alternate definition of df-fr 5535. See dffr5 33627 for a definition without dummy variables (but note that their equivalence uses ax-sep 5218). (Contributed by BJ, 16-Nov-2024.)
⊢ (𝑅 Fr 𝐴 ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ (𝒫 𝐴 ∖ {∅})∃𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝑥 ¬ 𝑧𝑅𝑦)
Theorem	frd 5539*	A nonempty subset of an 𝑅-well-founded class has an 𝑅-minimal element (deduction form). (Contributed by BJ, 16-Nov-2024.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Fr 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ≠ ∅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ¬ 𝑦𝑅𝑥)
Theorem	fri 5540*	A nonempty subset of an 𝑅-well-founded class has an 𝑅-minimal element (inference form). (Contributed by BJ, 16-Nov-2024.) (Proof shortened by BJ, 19-Nov-2024.)
⊢ (((𝐵 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝑅 Fr 𝐴) ∧ (𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ ∅)) → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ¬ 𝑦𝑅𝑥)
Theorem	friOLD 5541*	Obsolete version of fri 5540 as of 16-Nov-2024. (Contributed by NM, 18-Mar-1997.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ (((𝐵 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝑅 Fr 𝐴) ∧ (𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ ∅)) → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ¬ 𝑦𝑅𝑥)
Theorem	seex 5542*	The 𝑅-preimage of an element of the base set in a set-like relation is a set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 19-Nov-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Se 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴) → {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝑥𝑅𝐵} ∈ V)
Theorem	exse 5543	Any relation on a set is set-like on it. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 22-Jun-2015.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝑅 Se 𝐴)
Theorem	dffr2 5544*	Alternate definition of well-founded relation. Similar to Definition 6.21 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 30. (Contributed by NM, 17-Feb-2004.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 27-Aug-2011.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 23-Jun-2015.) Avoid ax-10 2139, ax-11 2156, ax-12 2173, but use ax-8 2110. (Revised by Gino Giotto, 3-Oct-2024.)
⊢ (𝑅 Fr 𝐴 ↔ ∀𝑥((𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑥 ≠ ∅) → ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 {𝑧 ∈ 𝑥 ∣ 𝑧𝑅𝑦} = ∅))
Theorem	dffr2ALT 5545*	Alternate proof of dffr2 5544, which avoids ax-8 2110 but requires ax-10 2139, ax-11 2156, ax-12 2173. (Contributed by NM, 17-Feb-2004.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 27-Aug-2011.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 23-Jun-2015.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ (𝑅 Fr 𝐴 ↔ ∀𝑥((𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑥 ≠ ∅) → ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 {𝑧 ∈ 𝑥 ∣ 𝑧𝑅𝑦} = ∅))
Theorem	frc 5546*	Property of well-founded relation (one direction of definition using class variables). (Contributed by NM, 17-Feb-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Nov-2014.)
⊢ 𝐵 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 Fr 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ ∅) → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 {𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ∣ 𝑦𝑅𝑥} = ∅)
Theorem	frss 5547	Subset theorem for the well-founded predicate. Exercise 1 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 31. (Contributed by NM, 3-Apr-1994.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 25-Jul-2011.)
⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 → (𝑅 Fr 𝐵 → 𝑅 Fr 𝐴))
Theorem	sess1 5548	Subset theorem for the set-like predicate. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Jun-2015.)
⊢ (𝑅 ⊆ 𝑆 → (𝑆 Se 𝐴 → 𝑅 Se 𝐴))
Theorem	sess2 5549	Subset theorem for the set-like predicate. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Jun-2015.)
⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 → (𝑅 Se 𝐵 → 𝑅 Se 𝐴))
Theorem	freq1 5550	Equality theorem for the well-founded predicate. (Contributed by NM, 9-Mar-1997.)
⊢ (𝑅 = 𝑆 → (𝑅 Fr 𝐴 ↔ 𝑆 Fr 𝐴))
Theorem	freq2 5551	Equality theorem for the well-founded predicate. (Contributed by NM, 3-Apr-1994.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → (𝑅 Fr 𝐴 ↔ 𝑅 Fr 𝐵))
Theorem	seeq1 5552	Equality theorem for the set-like predicate. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Jun-2015.)
⊢ (𝑅 = 𝑆 → (𝑅 Se 𝐴 ↔ 𝑆 Se 𝐴))
Theorem	seeq2 5553	Equality theorem for the set-like predicate. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Jun-2015.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → (𝑅 Se 𝐴 ↔ 𝑅 Se 𝐵))
Theorem	nffr 5554	Bound-variable hypothesis builder for well-founded relations. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 20-Jan-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 14-Oct-2016.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝑅    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥 𝑅 Fr 𝐴
Theorem	nfse 5555	Bound-variable hypothesis builder for set-like relations. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Jun-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 14-Oct-2016.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝑅    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥 𝑅 Se 𝐴
Theorem	nfwe 5556	Bound-variable hypothesis builder for well-orderings. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 20-Jan-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 14-Oct-2016.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝑅    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥 𝑅 We 𝐴
Theorem	frirr 5557	A well-founded relation is irreflexive. Special case of Proposition 6.23 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 30. (Contributed by NM, 2-Jan-1994.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 22-Jun-2015.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Fr 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴) → ¬ 𝐵𝑅𝐵)
Theorem	fr2nr 5558	A well-founded relation has no 2-cycle loops. Special case of Proposition 6.23 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 30. (Contributed by NM, 30-May-1994.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 22-Jun-2015.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Fr 𝐴 ∧ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴)) → ¬ (𝐵𝑅𝐶 ∧ 𝐶𝑅𝐵))
Theorem	fr0 5559	Any relation is well-founded on the empty set. (Contributed by NM, 17-Sep-1993.)
⊢ 𝑅 Fr ∅
Theorem	frminex 5560*	If an element of a well-founded set satisfies a property 𝜑, then there is a minimal element that satisfies 𝜑. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 18-Jun-2010.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 18-Nov-2016.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑅 Fr 𝐴 → (∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝜑 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝜓 → ¬ 𝑦𝑅𝑥))))
Theorem	efrirr 5561	A well-founded class does not belong to itself. (Contributed by NM, 18-Apr-1994.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 22-Jun-2015.)
⊢ ( E Fr 𝐴 → ¬ 𝐴 ∈ 𝐴)
Theorem	efrn2lp 5562	A well-founded class contains no 2-cycle loops. (Contributed by NM, 19-Apr-1994.)
⊢ (( E Fr 𝐴 ∧ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴)) → ¬ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐵))
Theorem	epse 5563	The membership relation is set-like on any class. (This is the origin of the term "set-like": a set-like relation "acts like" the membership relation of sets and their elements.) (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 22-Jun-2015.)
⊢ E Se 𝐴
Theorem	tz7.2 5564	Similar to Theorem 7.2 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 35, except that the Axiom of Regularity is not required due to the antecedent E Fr 𝐴. (Contributed by NM, 4-May-1994.)
⊢ ((Tr 𝐴 ∧ E Fr 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐴))
Theorem	dfepfr 5565*	An alternate way of saying that the membership relation is well-founded. (Contributed by NM, 17-Feb-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 23-Jun-2015.)
⊢ ( E Fr 𝐴 ↔ ∀𝑥((𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑥 ≠ ∅) → ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑥 ∩ 𝑦) = ∅))
Theorem	epfrc 5566*	A subset of a well-founded class has a minimal element. (Contributed by NM, 17-Feb-2004.) (Revised by David Abernethy, 22-Feb-2011.)
⊢ 𝐵 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ (( E Fr 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ ∅) → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 (𝐵 ∩ 𝑥) = ∅)
Theorem	wess 5567	Subset theorem for the well-ordering predicate. Exercise 4 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 31. (Contributed by NM, 19-Apr-1994.)
⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 → (𝑅 We 𝐵 → 𝑅 We 𝐴))
Theorem	weeq1 5568	Equality theorem for the well-ordering predicate. (Contributed by NM, 9-Mar-1997.)
⊢ (𝑅 = 𝑆 → (𝑅 We 𝐴 ↔ 𝑆 We 𝐴))
Theorem	weeq2 5569	Equality theorem for the well-ordering predicate. (Contributed by NM, 3-Apr-1994.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → (𝑅 We 𝐴 ↔ 𝑅 We 𝐵))
Theorem	wefr 5570	A well-ordering is well-founded. (Contributed by NM, 22-Apr-1994.)
⊢ (𝑅 We 𝐴 → 𝑅 Fr 𝐴)
Theorem	weso 5571	A well-ordering is a strict ordering. (Contributed by NM, 16-Mar-1997.)
⊢ (𝑅 We 𝐴 → 𝑅 Or 𝐴)
Theorem	wecmpep 5572	The elements of a class well-ordered by membership are comparable. (Contributed by NM, 17-May-1994.)
⊢ (( E We 𝐴 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝑥 ∈ 𝑦 ∨ 𝑥 = 𝑦 ∨ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥))
Theorem	wetrep 5573	On a class well-ordered by membership, the membership predicate is transitive. (Contributed by NM, 22-Apr-1994.)
⊢ (( E We 𝐴 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐴)) → ((𝑥 ∈ 𝑦 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑧) → 𝑥 ∈ 𝑧))
Theorem	wefrc 5574*	A nonempty subclass of a class well-ordered by membership has a minimal element. Special case of Proposition 6.26 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 31. (Contributed by NM, 17-Feb-2004.)
⊢ (( E We 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ ∅) → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 (𝐵 ∩ 𝑥) = ∅)
Theorem	we0 5575	Any relation is a well-ordering of the empty set. (Contributed by NM, 16-Mar-1997.)
⊢ 𝑅 We ∅
Theorem	wereu 5576*	A nonempty subset of an 𝑅-well-ordered class has a unique 𝑅 -minimal element. (Contributed by NM, 18-Mar-1997.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 28-Apr-2015.)
⊢ ((𝑅 We 𝐴 ∧ (𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ ∅)) → ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ¬ 𝑦𝑅𝑥)
Theorem	wereu2 5577*	A nonempty subclass of an 𝑅-well-ordered and 𝑅-setlike class has a unique 𝑅-minimal element. Proposition 6.26 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 31. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 29-Jan-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Jun-2015.)
⊢ (((𝑅 We 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Se 𝐴) ∧ (𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ ∅)) → ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ¬ 𝑦𝑅𝑥)
2.3.10  Relations
Syntax	cxp 5578	Extend the definition of a class to include the Cartesian product.
class (𝐴 × 𝐵)
Syntax	ccnv 5579	Extend the definition of a class to include the converse of a class.
class ◡𝐴
Syntax	cdm 5580	Extend the definition of a class to include the domain of a class.
class dom 𝐴
Syntax	crn 5581	Extend the definition of a class to include the range of a class.
class ran 𝐴
Syntax	cres 5582	Extend the definition of a class to include the restriction of a class. Read: "the restriction of 𝐴 to 𝐵".
class (𝐴 ↾ 𝐵)
Syntax	cima 5583	Extend the definition of a class to include the image of a class. Read: "the image of 𝐵 under 𝐴".
class (𝐴 “ 𝐵)
Syntax	ccom 5584	Extend the definition of a class to include the composition of two classes. (Read: The composition of 𝐴 and 𝐵.)
class (𝐴 ∘ 𝐵)
Syntax	wrel 5585	Extend the definition of a wff to include the relation predicate. Read: "𝐴 is a relation".
wff Rel 𝐴
Definition	df-xp 5586*	Define the Cartesian product of two classes. This is also sometimes called the "cross product" but that term also has other meanings; we intentionally choose a less ambiguous term. Definition 9.11 of [Quine] p. 64. For example, ({1, 5} × {2, 7}) = ({⟨1, 2⟩, ⟨1, 7⟩} ∪ {⟨5, 2⟩, ⟨5, 7⟩}) (ex-xp 28701). Another example is that the set of rational numbers is defined in df-q 12618 using the Cartesian product (ℤ × ℕ); the left- and right-hand sides of the Cartesian product represent the top (integer) and bottom (natural) numbers of a fraction. (Contributed by NM, 4-Jul-1994.)
⊢ (𝐴 × 𝐵) = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵)}
Definition	df-rel 5587	Define the relation predicate. Definition 6.4(1) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 23. For alternate definitions, see dfrel2 6081 and dfrel3 6090. (Contributed by NM, 1-Aug-1994.)
⊢ (Rel 𝐴 ↔ 𝐴 ⊆ (V × V))
Definition	df-cnv 5588*	Define the converse of a class. Definition 9.12 of [Quine] p. 64. The converse of a binary relation swaps its arguments, i.e., if 𝐴 ∈ V and 𝐵 ∈ V then (𝐴◡𝑅𝐵 ↔ 𝐵𝑅𝐴), as proven in brcnv 5780 (see df-br 5071 and df-rel 5587 for more on relations). For example, ◡{⟨2, 6⟩, ⟨3, 9⟩} = {⟨6, 2⟩, ⟨9, 3⟩} (ex-cnv 28702). We use Quine's breve accent (smile) notation. Like Quine, we use it as a prefix, which eliminates the need for parentheses. "Converse" is Quine's terminology. Some authors use a "minus one" exponent and call it "inverse", especially when the argument is a function, although this is not in general a genuine inverse. (Contributed by NM, 4-Jul-1994.)
⊢ ◡𝐴 = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ 𝑦𝐴𝑥}
Definition	df-co 5589*	Define the composition of two classes. Definition 6.6(3) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 24. For example, ((exp ∘ cos)‘0) = e (ex-co 28703) because (cos‘0) = 1 (see cos0 15787) and (exp‘1) = e (see df-e 15706). Note that Definition 7 of [Suppes] p. 63 reverses 𝐴 and 𝐵, uses / instead of ∘, and calls the operation "relative product". (Contributed by NM, 4-Jul-1994.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∘ 𝐵) = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ ∃𝑧(𝑥𝐵𝑧 ∧ 𝑧𝐴𝑦)}
Definition	df-dm 5590*	Define the domain of a class. Definition 3 of [Suppes] p. 59. For example, 𝐹 = {⟨2, 6⟩, ⟨3, 9⟩} → dom 𝐹 = {2, 3} (ex-dm 28704). Another example is the domain of the complex arctangent, (𝐴 ∈ dom arctan ↔ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝐴 ≠ -i ∧ 𝐴 ≠ i)) (for proof see atandm 25931). Contrast with range (defined in df-rn 5591). For alternate definitions see dfdm2 6173, dfdm3 5785, and dfdm4 5793. The notation "dom " is used by Enderton; other authors sometimes use script D. (Contributed by NM, 1-Aug-1994.)
⊢ dom 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∣ ∃𝑦 𝑥𝐴𝑦}
Definition	df-rn 5591	Define the range of a class. For example, 𝐹 = {⟨2, 6⟩, ⟨3, 9⟩} → ran 𝐹 = {6, 9} (ex-rn 28705). Contrast with domain (defined in df-dm 5590). For alternate definitions, see dfrn2 5786, dfrn3 5787, and dfrn4 6094. The notation "ran " is used by Enderton. The range of a function is often also called "the image of the function" (see definition in [Lang] p. ix), which can be justified by imadmrn 5968. Not to be confused with "codomain" (see df-f 6422), which may be a superset/superclass of the range (see frn 6591). (Contributed by NM, 1-Aug-1994.)
⊢ ran 𝐴 = dom ◡𝐴
Definition	df-res 5592	Define the restriction of a class. Definition 6.6(1) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 24. For example, the expression (exp ↾ ℝ) (used in reeff1 15757) means "the exponential function e to the x, but the exponent x must be in the reals" (df-ef 15705 defines the exponential function, which normally allows the exponent to be a complex number). Another example is (𝐹 = {⟨2, 6⟩, ⟨3, 9⟩} ∧ 𝐵 = {1, 2}) → (𝐹 ↾ 𝐵) = {⟨2, 6⟩} (ex-res 28706). We do not introduce a special syntax for the corestriction of a class: it will be expressed either as the intersection (𝐴 ∩ (V × 𝐵)) or as the converse of the restricted converse (see cnvrescnv 6087). (Contributed by NM, 2-Aug-1994.)
⊢ (𝐴 ↾ 𝐵) = (𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 × V))
Definition	df-ima 5593	Define the image of a class (as restricted by another class). Definition 6.6(2) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 24. For example, (𝐹 = {⟨2, 6⟩, ⟨3, 9⟩} ∧ 𝐵 = {1, 2}) → (𝐹 “ 𝐵) = {6} (ex-ima 28707). Contrast with restriction (df-res 5592) and range (df-rn 5591). For an alternate definition, see dfima2 5960. (Contributed by NM, 2-Aug-1994.)
⊢ (𝐴 “ 𝐵) = ran (𝐴 ↾ 𝐵)
Theorem	xpeq1 5594	Equality theorem for Cartesian product. (Contributed by NM, 4-Jul-1994.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → (𝐴 × 𝐶) = (𝐵 × 𝐶))
Theorem	xpss12 5595	Subset theorem for Cartesian product. Generalization of Theorem 101 of [Suppes] p. 52. (Contributed by NM, 26-Aug-1995.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 27-Aug-2011.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐶 ⊆ 𝐷) → (𝐴 × 𝐶) ⊆ (𝐵 × 𝐷))
Theorem	xpss 5596	A Cartesian product is included in the ordered pair universe. Exercise 3 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 25. (Contributed by NM, 2-Aug-1994.)
⊢ (𝐴 × 𝐵) ⊆ (V × V)
Theorem	inxpssres 5597	Intersection with a Cartesian product is a subclass of restriction. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 19-Jul-2019.)
⊢ (𝑅 ∩ (𝐴 × 𝐵)) ⊆ (𝑅 ↾ 𝐴)
Theorem	relxp 5598	A Cartesian product is a relation. Theorem 3.13(i) of [Monk1] p. 37. (Contributed by NM, 2-Aug-1994.)
⊢ Rel (𝐴 × 𝐵)
Theorem	xpss1 5599	Subset relation for Cartesian product. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 30-Aug-2009.)
⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 → (𝐴 × 𝐶) ⊆ (𝐵 × 𝐶))
Theorem	xpss2 5600	Subset relation for Cartesian product. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 30-Aug-2009.)
⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 → (𝐶 × 𝐴) ⊆ (𝐶 × 𝐵))