P. 407 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 40601-40700   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	amgm3d 40601	Arithmetic-geometric mean inequality for 𝑛 = 3. (Contributed by Stanislas Polu, 11-Sep-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ+)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ+)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐴 · (𝐵 · 𝐶))↑𝑐(1 / 3)) ≤ ((𝐴 + (𝐵 + 𝐶)) / 3))
Theorem	amgm4d 40602	Arithmetic-geometric mean inequality for 𝑛 = 4. (Contributed by Stanislas Polu, 11-Sep-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ+)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ+)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ ℝ+)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐴 · (𝐵 · (𝐶 · 𝐷)))↑𝑐(1 / 4)) ≤ ((𝐴 + (𝐵 + (𝐶 + 𝐷))) / 4))
20.33  Mathbox for Rohan Ridenour
20.33.1  Misc
Theorem	spALT 40603	sp 2182 can be proven from the other classic axioms. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Nov-2023.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) Use sp 2182 instead. (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ (∀𝑥𝜑 → 𝜑)
Theorem	elnelneqd 40604	Two classes are not equal if there is an element of one which is not an element of the other. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 11-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝐴 = 𝐵)
Theorem	elnelneq2d 40605	Two classes are not equal if one but not the other is an element of a given class. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 12-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝐴 = 𝐵)
Theorem	rr-spce 40606*	Prove an existential. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 12-Aug-2023.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 = 𝐴) → 𝜓)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥𝜓)
Theorem	rexlimdvaacbv 40607*	Unpack a restricted existential antecedent while changing the variable with implicit substitution. The equivalent of this theorem without the bound variable change is rexlimdvaa 3285. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝜃)) → 𝜒)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓 → 𝜒))
Theorem	rexlimddvcbvw 40608*	Unpack a restricted existential assumption while changing the variable with implicit substitution. Similar to rexlimdvaacbv 40607. The equivalent of this theorem without the bound variable change is rexlimddv 3291. Version of rexlimddvcbv 40609 with a disjoint variable condition, which does not require ax-13 2390. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.) (Revised by Gino Giotto, 2-Apr-2024.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜃)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝜒)) → 𝜓)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜃 ↔ 𝜒))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝜓)
Theorem	rexlimddvcbv 40609*	Unpack a restricted existential assumption while changing the variable with implicit substitution. Similar to rexlimdvaacbv 40607. The equivalent of this theorem without the bound variable change is rexlimddv 3291. Usage of this theorem is discouraged because it depends on ax-13 2390, see rexlimddvcbvw 40608 for a weaker version that does not require it. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜃)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝜒)) → 𝜓)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜃 ↔ 𝜒))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝜓)
Theorem	rr-elrnmpt3d 40610*	Elementhood in an image set. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 11-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 = 𝐶) → 𝐵 = 𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ ran 𝐹)
Theorem	rr-phpd 40611	Equivalent of php 8701 without negation. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ω)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)
Theorem	suceqd 40612	Deduction associated with suceq 6256. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 8-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → suc 𝐴 = suc 𝐵)
Theorem	tfindsd 40613*	Deduction associated with tfinds 7574. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 8-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝑥 = ∅ → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = suc 𝑦 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜂))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝜒)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ On ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ Lim 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 𝜃) → 𝜓)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ On)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝜂)
20.33.2  Shorter primitive equivalent of ax-groth
20.33.2.1  Grothendieck universes are closed under collection
Theorem	gru0eld 40614	A nonempty Grothendieck universe contains the empty set. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 11-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Univ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∅ ∈ 𝐺)
Theorem	grusucd 40615	Grothendieck universes are closed under ordinal successor. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 9-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Univ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → suc 𝐴 ∈ 𝐺)
Theorem	r1rankcld 40616	Any rank of the cumulative hierarchy is closed under the rank function. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 11-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ (𝑅1‘𝑅))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (rank‘𝐴) ∈ (𝑅1‘𝑅))
Theorem	grur1cld 40617	Grothendieck universes are closed under the cumulative hierarchy function. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 8-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Univ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑅1‘𝐴) ∈ 𝐺)
Theorem	grurankcld 40618	Grothendieck universes are closed under the rank function. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 9-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Univ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (rank‘𝐴) ∈ 𝐺)
Theorem	grurankrcld 40619	If a Grothendieck universe contains a set's rank, it contains that set. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 9-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Univ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (rank‘𝐴) ∈ 𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐺)
Syntax	cscott 40620	Extend class notation with the Scott's trick operation.
class Scott 𝐴
Definition	df-scott 40621*	Define the Scott operation. This operation constructs a subset of the input class which is nonempty whenever its input is using Scott's trick. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 9-Aug-2023.)
⊢ Scott 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (rank‘𝑥) ⊆ (rank‘𝑦)}
Theorem	scotteqd 40622	Equality theorem for the Scott operation. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 9-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → Scott 𝐴 = Scott 𝐵)
Theorem	scotteq 40623	Closed form of scotteqd 40622. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 9-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → Scott 𝐴 = Scott 𝐵)
Theorem	nfscott 40624	Bound-variable hypothesis builder for the Scott operation. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 11-Aug-2023.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥Scott 𝐴
Theorem	scottabf 40625*	Value of the Scott operation at a class abstraction. Variant of scottab 40626 with a nonfreeness hypothesis instead of a disjoint variable condition. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 14-Aug-2023.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜓    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ Scott {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} = {𝑥 ∣ (𝜑 ∧ ∀𝑦(𝜓 → (rank‘𝑥) ⊆ (rank‘𝑦)))}
Theorem	scottab 40626*	Value of the Scott operation at a class abstraction. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 14-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ Scott {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} = {𝑥 ∣ (𝜑 ∧ ∀𝑦(𝜓 → (rank‘𝑥) ⊆ (rank‘𝑦)))}
Theorem	scottabes 40627*	Value of the Scott operation at a class abstraction. Variant of scottab 40626 using explicit substitution. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 14-Aug-2023.)
⊢ Scott {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} = {𝑥 ∣ (𝜑 ∧ ∀𝑦([𝑦 / 𝑥]𝜑 → (rank‘𝑥) ⊆ (rank‘𝑦)))}
Theorem	scottss 40628	Scott's trick produces a subset of the input class. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 11-Aug-2023.)
⊢ Scott 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐴
Theorem	elscottab 40629*	An element of the output of the Scott operation applied to a class abstraction satisfies the class abstraction's predicate. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 14-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑦 ∈ Scott {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} → 𝜓)
Theorem	scottex2 40630	scottex 9314 expressed using Scott. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 9-Aug-2023.)
⊢ Scott 𝐴 ∈ V
Theorem	scotteld 40631*	The Scott operation sends inhabited classes to inhabited sets. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 11-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 𝑥 ∈ Scott 𝐴)
Theorem	scottelrankd 40632	Property of a Scott's trick set. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 11-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Scott 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ Scott 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (rank‘𝐵) ⊆ (rank‘𝐶))
Theorem	scottrankd 40633	Rank of a nonempty Scott's trick set. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 11-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Scott 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (rank‘Scott 𝐴) = suc (rank‘𝐵))
Theorem	gruscottcld 40634	If a Grothendieck universe contains an element of a Scott's trick set, it contains the Scott's trick set. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 11-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Univ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Scott 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → Scott 𝐴 ∈ 𝐺)
Syntax	ccoll 40635	Extend class notation with the collection operation.
class (𝐹 Coll 𝐴)
Definition	df-coll 40636*	Define the collection operation. This is similar to the image set operation “, but it uses Scott's trick to ensure the output is always a set. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 11-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝐹 Coll 𝐴) = ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 Scott (𝐹 “ {𝑥})
Theorem	dfcoll2 40637*	Alternate definition of the collection operation. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 11-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝐹 Coll 𝐴) = ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 Scott {𝑦 ∣ 𝑥𝐹𝑦}
Theorem	colleq12d 40638	Equality theorem for the collection operation. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 11-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 = 𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 Coll 𝐴) = (𝐺 Coll 𝐵))
Theorem	colleq1 40639	Equality theorem for the collection operation. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 11-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝐹 = 𝐺 → (𝐹 Coll 𝐴) = (𝐺 Coll 𝐴))
Theorem	colleq2 40640	Equality theorem for the collection operation. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 11-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → (𝐹 Coll 𝐴) = (𝐹 Coll 𝐵))
Theorem	nfcoll 40641	Bound-variable hypothesis builder for the collection operation. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 11-Aug-2023.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐹    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥(𝐹 Coll 𝐴)
Theorem	collexd 40642	The output of the collection operation is a set if the second input is. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 11-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 Coll 𝐴) ∈ V)
Theorem	cpcolld 40643*	Property of the collection operation. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 11-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑥𝐹𝑦)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑦 ∈ (𝐹 Coll 𝐴)𝑥𝐹𝑦)
Theorem	cpcoll2d 40644*	cpcolld 40643 with an extra existential quantifier. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 12-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑦 𝑥𝐹𝑦)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑦 ∈ (𝐹 Coll 𝐴)𝑥𝐹𝑦)
Theorem	grucollcld 40645	A Grothendieck universe contains the output of a collection operation whenever its left input is a relation on the universe, and its right input is in the universe. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 11-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Univ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⊆ (𝐺 × 𝐺))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 Coll 𝐴) ∈ 𝐺)
20.33.2.2  Minimal universes
Theorem	ismnu 40646*	The hypothesis of this theorem defines a class M of sets that we temporarily call "minimal universes", and which will turn out in grumnueq 40672 to be exactly Grothendicek universes. Minimal universes are sets which satisfy the predicate on 𝑦 in rr-groth 40684, except for the 𝑥 ∈ 𝑦 clause. A minimal universe is closed under subsets (mnussd 40648), powersets (mnupwd 40652), and an operation which is similar to a combination of collection and union (mnuop3d 40656), from which closure under pairing (mnuprd 40661), unions (mnuunid 40662), and function ranges (mnurnd 40668) can be deduced, from which equivalence with Grothendieck universes (grumnueq 40672) can be deduced. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝑈 ∈ 𝑀 ↔ ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝑈 (𝒫 𝑧 ⊆ 𝑈 ∧ ∀𝑓∃𝑤 ∈ 𝑈 (𝒫 𝑧 ⊆ 𝑤 ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ 𝑧 (∃𝑣 ∈ 𝑈 (𝑖 ∈ 𝑣 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑓) → ∃𝑢 ∈ 𝑓 (𝑖 ∈ 𝑢 ∧ ∪ 𝑢 ⊆ 𝑤))))))
Theorem	mnuop123d 40647*	Operations of a minimal universe. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝒫 𝐴 ⊆ 𝑈 ∧ ∀𝑓∃𝑤 ∈ 𝑈 (𝒫 𝐴 ⊆ 𝑤 ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ 𝐴 (∃𝑣 ∈ 𝑈 (𝑖 ∈ 𝑣 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑓) → ∃𝑢 ∈ 𝑓 (𝑖 ∈ 𝑢 ∧ ∪ 𝑢 ⊆ 𝑤)))))
Theorem	mnussd 40648*	Minimal universes are closed under subsets. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑈)
Theorem	mnuss2d 40649*	mnussd 40648 with arguments provided with an existential quantifier. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑈 𝐴 ⊆ 𝑥)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)
Theorem	mnu0eld 40650*	A nonempty minimal universe contains the empty set. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∅ ∈ 𝑈)
Theorem	mnuop23d 40651*	Second and third operations of a minimal universe. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑤 ∈ 𝑈 (𝒫 𝐴 ⊆ 𝑤 ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ 𝐴 (∃𝑣 ∈ 𝑈 (𝑖 ∈ 𝑣 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝐹) → ∃𝑢 ∈ 𝐹 (𝑖 ∈ 𝑢 ∧ ∪ 𝑢 ⊆ 𝑤))))
Theorem	mnupwd 40652*	Minimal universes are closed under powersets. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝒫 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)
Theorem	mnusnd 40653*	Minimal universes are closed under singletons. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → {𝐴} ∈ 𝑈)
Theorem	mnuprssd 40654*	A minimal universe contains pairs of subsets of an element of the universe. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → {𝐴, 𝐵} ∈ 𝑈)
Theorem	mnuprss2d 40655*	Special case of mnuprssd 40654. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐶    &   ⊢ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐶    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → {𝐴, 𝐵} ∈ 𝑈)
Theorem	mnuop3d 40656*	Third operation of a minimal universe. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⊆ 𝑈)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑤 ∈ 𝑈 ∀𝑖 ∈ 𝐴 (∃𝑣 ∈ 𝐹 𝑖 ∈ 𝑣 → ∃𝑢 ∈ 𝐹 (𝑖 ∈ 𝑢 ∧ ∪ 𝑢 ⊆ 𝑤)))
Theorem	mnuprdlem1 40657*	Lemma for mnuprd 40661. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 11-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐹 = {{∅, {𝐴}}, {{∅}, {𝐵}}}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑖 ∈ {∅, {∅}}∃𝑢 ∈ 𝐹 (𝑖 ∈ 𝑢 ∧ ∪ 𝑢 ⊆ 𝑤))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑤)
Theorem	mnuprdlem2 40658*	Lemma for mnuprd 40661. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 11-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐹 = {{∅, {𝐴}}, {{∅}, {𝐵}}}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝐴 = ∅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑖 ∈ {∅, {∅}}∃𝑢 ∈ 𝐹 (𝑖 ∈ 𝑢 ∧ ∪ 𝑢 ⊆ 𝑤))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑤)
Theorem	mnuprdlem3 40659*	Lemma for mnuprd 40661. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 11-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐹 = {{∅, {𝐴}}, {{∅}, {𝐵}}}    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑖𝜑    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑖 ∈ {∅, {∅}}∃𝑣 ∈ 𝐹 𝑖 ∈ 𝑣)
Theorem	mnuprdlem4 40660*	Lemma for mnuprd 40661. General case. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = {{∅, {𝐴}}, {{∅}, {𝐵}}}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝐴 = ∅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → {𝐴, 𝐵} ∈ 𝑈)
Theorem	mnuprd 40661*	Minimal universes are closed under pairing. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑈)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → {𝐴, 𝐵} ∈ 𝑈)
Theorem	mnuunid 40662*	Minimal universes are closed under union. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∪ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)
Theorem	mnuund 40663*	Minimal universes are closed under binary unions. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑈)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∈ 𝑈)
Theorem	mnutrcld 40664*	Minimal universes contain the elements of their elements. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑈)
Theorem	mnutrd 40665*	Minimal universes are transitive. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑀)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → Tr 𝑈)
Theorem	mnurndlem1 40666*	Lemma for mnurnd 40668. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 12-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐴⟶𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑖 ∈ 𝐴 (∃𝑣 ∈ ran (𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ {𝑎, {(𝐹‘𝑎), 𝐴}})𝑖 ∈ 𝑣 → ∃𝑢 ∈ ran (𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ {𝑎, {(𝐹‘𝑎), 𝐴}})(𝑖 ∈ 𝑢 ∧ ∪ 𝑢 ⊆ 𝑤)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ran 𝐹 ⊆ 𝑤)
Theorem	mnurndlem2 40667*	Lemma for mnurnd 40668. Deduction theorem input. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐴⟶𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ran 𝐹 ∈ 𝑈)
Theorem	mnurnd 40668*	Minimal universes contain ranges of functions from an element of the universe to the universe. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐴⟶𝑈)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ran 𝐹 ∈ 𝑈)
Theorem	mnugrud 40669*	Minimal universes are Grothendieck universes. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑀)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ Univ)
Theorem	grumnudlem 40670*	Lemma for grumnud 40671. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Univ)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = ({⟨𝑏, 𝑐⟩ ∣ ∃𝑑(∪ 𝑑 = 𝑐 ∧ 𝑑 ∈ 𝑓 ∧ 𝑏 ∈ 𝑑)} ∩ (𝐺 × 𝐺))    &   ⊢ ((𝑖 ∈ 𝐺 ∧ ℎ ∈ 𝐺) → (𝑖𝐹ℎ ↔ ∃𝑗(∪ 𝑗 = ℎ ∧ 𝑗 ∈ 𝑓 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ 𝑗)))    &   ⊢ ((ℎ ∈ (𝐹 Coll 𝑧) ∧ (∪ 𝑗 = ℎ ∧ 𝑗 ∈ 𝑓 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ 𝑗)) → ∃𝑢 ∈ 𝑓 (𝑖 ∈ 𝑢 ∧ ∪ 𝑢 ∈ (𝐹 Coll 𝑧)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝑀)
Theorem	grumnud 40671*	Grothendieck universes are minimal universes. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 12-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Univ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝑀)
Theorem	grumnueq 40672*	The class of Grothendieck universes is equal to the class of minimal universes. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ Univ = {𝑘 ∣ ∀𝑙 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑘 ∧ ∀𝑚∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑘 (𝒫 𝑙 ⊆ 𝑛 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ 𝑙 (∃𝑞 ∈ 𝑘 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑞 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑚) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑚 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑟 ∧ ∪ 𝑟 ⊆ 𝑛))))}
20.33.2.3  Primitive equivalent of ax-groth
Theorem	expandan 40673	Expand conjunction to primitives. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓)    &   ⊢ (𝜒 ↔ 𝜃)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜒) ↔ ¬ (𝜓 → ¬ 𝜃))
Theorem	expandexn 40674	Expand an existential quantifier to primitives while contracting a double negation. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 ↔ ¬ 𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ (∃𝑥𝜑 ↔ ¬ ∀𝑥𝜓)
Theorem	expandral 40675	Expand a restricted universal quantifier to primitives. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ↔ ∀𝑥(𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → 𝜓))
Theorem	expandrexn 40676	Expand a restricted existential quantifier to primitives while contracting a double negation. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 ↔ ¬ 𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ (∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ↔ ¬ ∀𝑥(𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → 𝜓))
Theorem	expandrex 40677	Expand a restricted existential quantifier to primitives. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ (∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ↔ ¬ ∀𝑥(𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → ¬ 𝜓))
Theorem	expanduniss 40678*	Expand ∪ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 to primitives. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (∪ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ↔ ∀𝑥(𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → ∀𝑦(𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 → 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵)))
Theorem	ismnuprim 40679*	Express the predicate on 𝑈 in ismnu 40646 using only primitives. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (∀𝑧 ∈ 𝑈 (𝒫 𝑧 ⊆ 𝑈 ∧ ∀𝑓∃𝑤 ∈ 𝑈 (𝒫 𝑧 ⊆ 𝑤 ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ 𝑧 (∃𝑣 ∈ 𝑈 (𝑖 ∈ 𝑣 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑓) → ∃𝑢 ∈ 𝑓 (𝑖 ∈ 𝑢 ∧ ∪ 𝑢 ⊆ 𝑤)))) ↔ ∀𝑧(𝑧 ∈ 𝑈 → ∀𝑓 ¬ ∀𝑤(𝑤 ∈ 𝑈 → ¬ ∀𝑣 ¬ ((∀𝑡(𝑡 ∈ 𝑣 → 𝑡 ∈ 𝑧) → ¬ (𝑣 ∈ 𝑈 → ¬ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑤)) → ¬ ∀𝑖(𝑖 ∈ 𝑧 → (𝑣 ∈ 𝑈 → (𝑖 ∈ 𝑣 → (𝑣 ∈ 𝑓 → ¬ ∀𝑢(𝑢 ∈ 𝑓 → (𝑖 ∈ 𝑢 → ¬ ∀𝑜(𝑜 ∈ 𝑢 → ∀𝑠(𝑠 ∈ 𝑜 → 𝑠 ∈ 𝑤))))))))))))
Theorem	rr-grothprimbi 40680*	Express "every set is contained in a Grothendieck universe" using only primitives. The right side (without the outermost universal quantifier) is proven as rr-grothprim 40685. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (∀𝑥∃𝑦 ∈ Univ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑦 ↔ ∀𝑥 ¬ ∀𝑦(𝑥 ∈ 𝑦 → ¬ ∀𝑧(𝑧 ∈ 𝑦 → ∀𝑓 ¬ ∀𝑤(𝑤 ∈ 𝑦 → ¬ ∀𝑣 ¬ ((∀𝑡(𝑡 ∈ 𝑣 → 𝑡 ∈ 𝑧) → ¬ (𝑣 ∈ 𝑦 → ¬ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑤)) → ¬ ∀𝑖(𝑖 ∈ 𝑧 → (𝑣 ∈ 𝑦 → (𝑖 ∈ 𝑣 → (𝑣 ∈ 𝑓 → ¬ ∀𝑢(𝑢 ∈ 𝑓 → (𝑖 ∈ 𝑢 → ¬ ∀𝑜(𝑜 ∈ 𝑢 → ∀𝑠(𝑠 ∈ 𝑜 → 𝑠 ∈ 𝑤)))))))))))))
Theorem	inagrud 40681	Inaccessible levels of the cumulative hierarchy are Grothendieck universes. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼 ∈ Inacc)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑅1‘𝐼) ∈ Univ)
Theorem	inaex 40682*	Assuming the Tarski-Grothendieck axiom, every ordinal is contained in an inaccessible ordinal. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ On → ∃𝑥 ∈ Inacc 𝐴 ∈ 𝑥)
Theorem	gruex 40683*	Assuming the Tarski-Grothendieck axiom, every set is contained in a Grothendieck universe. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ ∃𝑦 ∈ Univ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑦
Theorem	rr-groth 40684*	An equivalent of ax-groth 10245 using only simple defined symbols. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ ∃𝑦(𝑥 ∈ 𝑦 ∧ ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝑦 (𝒫 𝑧 ⊆ 𝑦 ∧ ∀𝑓∃𝑤 ∈ 𝑦 (𝒫 𝑧 ⊆ 𝑤 ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ 𝑧 (∃𝑣 ∈ 𝑦 (𝑖 ∈ 𝑣 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑓) → ∃𝑢 ∈ 𝑓 (𝑖 ∈ 𝑢 ∧ ∪ 𝑢 ⊆ 𝑤)))))
Theorem	rr-grothprim 40685*	An equivalent of ax-groth 10245 using only primitives. This uses only 123 symbols, which is significantly less than the previous record of 163 established by grothprim 10256 (which uses some defined symbols, and requires 229 symbols if expanded to primitives). (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 13-Aug-2023.)
⊢ ¬ ∀𝑦(𝑥 ∈ 𝑦 → ¬ ∀𝑧(𝑧 ∈ 𝑦 → ∀𝑓 ¬ ∀𝑤(𝑤 ∈ 𝑦 → ¬ ∀𝑣 ¬ ((∀𝑡(𝑡 ∈ 𝑣 → 𝑡 ∈ 𝑧) → ¬ (𝑣 ∈ 𝑦 → ¬ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑤)) → ¬ ∀𝑖(𝑖 ∈ 𝑧 → (𝑣 ∈ 𝑦 → (𝑖 ∈ 𝑣 → (𝑣 ∈ 𝑓 → ¬ ∀𝑢(𝑢 ∈ 𝑓 → (𝑖 ∈ 𝑢 → ¬ ∀𝑜(𝑜 ∈ 𝑢 → ∀𝑠(𝑠 ∈ 𝑜 → 𝑠 ∈ 𝑤))))))))))))
20.34  Mathbox for Steve Rodriguez
20.34.1  Miscellanea
Theorem	nanorxor 40686	'nand' is equivalent to the equivalence of inclusive and exclusive or. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 28-Feb-2020.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ⊼ 𝜓) ↔ ((𝜑 ∨ 𝜓) ↔ (𝜑 ⊻ 𝜓)))
Theorem	undisjrab 40687	Union of two disjoint restricted class abstractions; compare unrab 4274. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 28-Feb-2020.)
⊢ (({𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} ∩ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜓}) = ∅ ↔ ({𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} ∪ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜓}) = {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ (𝜑 ⊻ 𝜓)})
Theorem	iso0 40688	The empty set is an 𝑅, 𝑆 isomorphism from the empty set to the empty set. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 24-Oct-2015.)
⊢ ∅ Isom 𝑅, 𝑆 (∅, ∅)
Theorem	ssrecnpr 40689	ℝ is a subset of both ℝ and ℂ. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 22-Nov-2015.)
⊢ (𝑆 ∈ {ℝ, ℂ} → ℝ ⊆ 𝑆)
Theorem	seff 40690	Let set 𝑆 be the real or complex numbers. Then the exponential function restricted to 𝑆 is a mapping from 𝑆 to 𝑆. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 6-Nov-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ {ℝ, ℂ})    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (exp ↾ 𝑆):𝑆⟶𝑆)
Theorem	sblpnf 40691	The infinity ball in the absolute value metric is just the whole space. 𝑆 analogue of blpnf 23007. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 8-Nov-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ {ℝ, ℂ})    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = ((abs ∘ − ) ↾ (𝑆 × 𝑆))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑆) → (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)+∞) = 𝑆)
Theorem	prmunb2 40692*	The primes are unbounded. This generalizes prmunb 16250 to real 𝐴 with arch 11895 and lttrd 10801: every real is less than some positive integer, itself less than some prime. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 20-Jan-2020.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℝ → ∃𝑝 ∈ ℙ 𝐴 < 𝑝)
20.34.2  Ratio test for infinite series convergence and divergence
Theorem	dvgrat 40693*	Ratio test for divergence of a complex infinite series. See e.g. remark "if (abs‘((𝑎‘(𝑛 + 1)) / (𝑎‘𝑛))) ≥ 1 for all large n..." in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratio_test#The_test. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 28-Feb-2020.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (ℤ≥‘𝑁)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ 𝑍)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑊) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ≠ 0)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑊) → (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑘)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘(𝑘 + 1))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ∉ dom ⇝ )
Theorem	cvgdvgrat 40694*	Ratio test for convergence and divergence of a complex infinite series. If the ratio 𝑅 of the absolute values of successive terms in an infinite sequence 𝐹 converges to less than one, then the infinite sum of the terms of 𝐹 converges to a complex number; and if 𝑅 converges greater then the sum diverges. This combined form of cvgrat 15239 and dvgrat 40693 directly uses the limit of the ratio. (It also demonstrates how to use climi2 14868 and absltd 14789 to transform a limit to an inequality cf. https://math.stackexchange.com/q/2215191 14789, and how to use r19.29a 3289 in a similar fashion to Mario Carneiro's proof sketch with rexlimdva 3284 at https://groups.google.com/g/metamath/c/2RPikOiXLMo 3284.) (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 28-Feb-2020.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (ℤ≥‘𝑁)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ 𝑍)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑊) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ≠ 0)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (𝑘 ∈ 𝑊 ↦ (abs‘((𝐹‘(𝑘 + 1)) / (𝐹‘𝑘))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ⇝ 𝐿)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐿 ≠ 1)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐿 < 1 ↔ seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ∈ dom ⇝ ))
Theorem	radcnvrat 40695*	Let 𝐿 be the limit, if one exists, of the ratio (abs‘((𝐴‘(𝑘 + 1)) / (𝐴‘𝑘))) (as in the ratio test cvgdvgrat 40694) as 𝑘 increases. Then the radius of convergence of power series Σ𝑛 ∈ ℕ0((𝐴‘𝑛) · (𝑥↑𝑛)) is (1 / 𝐿) if 𝐿 is nonzero. Proof "The limit involved in the ratio test..." in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_convergence 40694 —a few lines that evidently hide quite an involved process to confirm. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 8-Mar-2020.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ ℂ ↦ (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((𝐴‘𝑛) · (𝑥↑𝑛))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴:ℕ0⟶ℂ)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = sup({𝑟 ∈ ℝ ∣ seq0( + , (𝐺‘𝑟)) ∈ dom ⇝ }, ℝ*, < )    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑘 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ (abs‘((𝐴‘(𝑘 + 1)) / (𝐴‘𝑘))))    &   ⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ0)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐴‘𝑘) ≠ 0)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ⇝ 𝐿)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐿 ≠ 0)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 = (1 / 𝐿))
20.34.3  Multiples
Theorem	reldvds 40696	The divides relation is in fact a relation. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 20-Jan-2020.)
⊢ Rel ∥
Theorem	nznngen 40697	All positive integers in the set of multiples of n, nℤ, are the absolute value of n or greater. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 20-Jan-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℤ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (( ∥ “ {𝑁}) ∩ ℕ) ⊆ (ℤ≥‘(abs‘𝑁)))
Theorem	nzss 40698	The set of multiples of m, mℤ, is a subset of those of n, nℤ, iff n divides m. Lemma 2.1(a) of https://www.mscs.dal.ca/~selinger/3343/handouts/ideals.pdf p. 5, with mℤ and nℤ as images of the divides relation under m and n. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 20-Jan-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (( ∥ “ {𝑀}) ⊆ ( ∥ “ {𝑁}) ↔ 𝑁 ∥ 𝑀))
Theorem	nzin 40699	The intersection of the set of multiples of m, mℤ, and those of n, nℤ, is the set of multiples of their least common multiple. Roughly Lemma 2.1(c) of https://www.mscs.dal.ca/~selinger/3343/handouts/ideals.pdf p. 5 and Problem 1(b) of https://people.math.binghamton.edu/mazur/teach/40107/40107h16sol.pdf p. 1, with mℤ and nℤ as images of the divides relation under m and n. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 20-Jan-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℤ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (( ∥ “ {𝑀}) ∩ ( ∥ “ {𝑁})) = ( ∥ “ {(𝑀 lcm 𝑁)}))
Theorem	nzprmdif 40700	Subtract one prime's multiples from an unequal prime's. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 20-Jan-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℙ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℙ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ≠ 𝑁)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (( ∥ “ {𝑀}) ∖ ( ∥ “ {𝑁})) = (( ∥ “ {𝑀}) ∖ ( ∥ “ {(𝑀 · 𝑁)})))