P. 456 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 45501-45600   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	ringcsectALTV 45501	A section in the category of rings, written out. (Contributed by AV, 14-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐶 = (RingCatALTV‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (Base‘𝑋)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (Sect‘𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹(𝑋𝑆𝑌)𝐺 ↔ (𝐹 ∈ (𝑋 RingHom 𝑌) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (𝑌 RingHom 𝑋) ∧ (𝐺 ∘ 𝐹) = ( I ↾ 𝐸))))
Theorem	ringcinvALTV 45502	An inverse in the category of rings is the converse operation. (Contributed by AV, 14-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐶 = (RingCatALTV‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (Inv‘𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹(𝑋𝑁𝑌)𝐺 ↔ (𝐹 ∈ (𝑋 RingIso 𝑌) ∧ 𝐺 = ◡𝐹)))
Theorem	ringcisoALTV 45503	An isomorphism in the category of rings is a bijection. (Contributed by AV, 14-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐶 = (RingCatALTV‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (Iso‘𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 ∈ (𝑋𝐼𝑌) ↔ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑋 RingIso 𝑌)))
Theorem	ringcbasbasALTV 45504	An element of the base set of the base set of the category of rings (i.e. the base set of a ring) belongs to the considered weak universe. (Contributed by AV, 15-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐶 = (RingCatALTV‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ WUni)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑅 ∈ 𝐵) → (Base‘𝑅) ∈ 𝑈)
Theorem	funcringcsetclem1ALTV 45505*	Lemma 1 for funcringcsetcALTV 45514. (Contributed by AV, 15-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (RingCatALTV‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (SetCat‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ WUni)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ (Base‘𝑥)))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝐹‘𝑋) = (Base‘𝑋))
Theorem	funcringcsetclem2ALTV 45506*	Lemma 2 for funcringcsetcALTV 45514. (Contributed by AV, 15-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (RingCatALTV‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (SetCat‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ WUni)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ (Base‘𝑥)))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝐹‘𝑋) ∈ 𝑈)
Theorem	funcringcsetclem3ALTV 45507*	Lemma 3 for funcringcsetcALTV 45514. (Contributed by AV, 15-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (RingCatALTV‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (SetCat‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ WUni)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ (Base‘𝑥)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐵⟶𝐶)
Theorem	funcringcsetclem4ALTV 45508*	Lemma 4 for funcringcsetcALTV 45514. (Contributed by AV, 15-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (RingCatALTV‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (SetCat‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ WUni)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ (Base‘𝑥)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ ( I ↾ (𝑥 RingHom 𝑦))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 Fn (𝐵 × 𝐵))
Theorem	funcringcsetclem5ALTV 45509*	Lemma 5 for funcringcsetcALTV 45514. (Contributed by AV, 15-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (RingCatALTV‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (SetCat‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ WUni)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ (Base‘𝑥)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ ( I ↾ (𝑥 RingHom 𝑦))))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵)) → (𝑋𝐺𝑌) = ( I ↾ (𝑋 RingHom 𝑌)))
Theorem	funcringcsetclem6ALTV 45510*	Lemma 6 for funcringcsetcALTV 45514. (Contributed by AV, 15-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (RingCatALTV‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (SetCat‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ WUni)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ (Base‘𝑥)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ ( I ↾ (𝑥 RingHom 𝑦))))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵) ∧ 𝐻 ∈ (𝑋 RingHom 𝑌)) → ((𝑋𝐺𝑌)‘𝐻) = 𝐻)
Theorem	funcringcsetclem7ALTV 45511*	Lemma 7 for funcringcsetcALTV 45514. (Contributed by AV, 15-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (RingCatALTV‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (SetCat‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ WUni)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ (Base‘𝑥)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ ( I ↾ (𝑥 RingHom 𝑦))))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → ((𝑋𝐺𝑋)‘((Id‘𝑅)‘𝑋)) = ((Id‘𝑆)‘(𝐹‘𝑋)))
Theorem	funcringcsetclem8ALTV 45512*	Lemma 8 for funcringcsetcALTV 45514. (Contributed by AV, 15-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (RingCatALTV‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (SetCat‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ WUni)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ (Base‘𝑥)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ ( I ↾ (𝑥 RingHom 𝑦))))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵)) → (𝑋𝐺𝑌):(𝑋(Hom ‘𝑅)𝑌)⟶((𝐹‘𝑋)(Hom ‘𝑆)(𝐹‘𝑌)))
Theorem	funcringcsetclem9ALTV 45513*	Lemma 9 for funcringcsetcALTV 45514. (Contributed by AV, 15-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (RingCatALTV‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (SetCat‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ WUni)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ (Base‘𝑥)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ ( I ↾ (𝑥 RingHom 𝑦))))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑍 ∈ 𝐵) ∧ (𝐻 ∈ (𝑋(Hom ‘𝑅)𝑌) ∧ 𝐾 ∈ (𝑌(Hom ‘𝑅)𝑍))) → ((𝑋𝐺𝑍)‘(𝐾(⟨𝑋, 𝑌⟩(comp‘𝑅)𝑍)𝐻)) = (((𝑌𝐺𝑍)‘𝐾)(⟨(𝐹‘𝑋), (𝐹‘𝑌)⟩(comp‘𝑆)(𝐹‘𝑍))((𝑋𝐺𝑌)‘𝐻)))
Theorem	funcringcsetcALTV 45514*	The "natural forgetful functor" from the category of rings into the category of sets which sends each ring to its underlying set (base set) and the morphisms (ring homomorphisms) to mappings of the corresponding base sets. (Contributed by AV, 16-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (RingCatALTV‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (SetCat‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ WUni)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ (Base‘𝑥)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ ( I ↾ (𝑥 RingHom 𝑦))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹(𝑅 Func 𝑆)𝐺)
Theorem	irinitoringc 45515	The ring of integers is an initial object in the category of unital rings (within a universe containing the ring of integers). Example 7.2 (6) of [Adamek] p. 101 , and example in [Lang] p. 58. (Contributed by AV, 3-Apr-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ℤring ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (RingCat‘𝑈)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ℤring ∈ (InitO‘𝐶))
Theorem	zrtermoringc 45516	The zero ring is a terminal object in the category of unital rings. (Contributed by AV, 17-Apr-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (RingCat‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ∈ (Ring ∖ NzRing))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ∈ 𝑈)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ∈ (TermO‘𝐶))
Theorem	zrninitoringc 45517*	The zero ring is not an initial object in the category of unital rings (if the universe contains at least one unital ring different from the zero ring). (Contributed by AV, 18-Apr-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (RingCat‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ∈ (Ring ∖ NzRing))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑟 ∈ (Base‘𝐶)𝑟 ∈ NzRing)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ∉ (InitO‘𝐶))
Theorem	nzerooringczr 45518	There is no zero object in the category of unital rings (at least in a universe which contains the zero ring and the ring of integers). Example 7.9 (3) in [Adamek] p. 103. (Contributed by AV, 18-Apr-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (RingCat‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ∈ (Ring ∖ NzRing))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ℤring ∈ 𝑈)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (ZeroO‘𝐶) = ∅)
20.41.19.10  Subcategories of the category of rings
Theorem	srhmsubclem1 45519*	Lemma 1 for srhmsubc 45522. (Contributed by AV, 19-Feb-2020.)
⊢ ∀𝑟 ∈ 𝑆 𝑟 ∈ Ring    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ 𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐶 → 𝑋 ∈ (𝑈 ∩ Ring))
Theorem	srhmsubclem2 45520*	Lemma 2 for srhmsubc 45522. (Contributed by AV, 19-Feb-2020.)
⊢ ∀𝑟 ∈ 𝑆 𝑟 ∈ Ring    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ 𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐶) → 𝑋 ∈ (Base‘(RingCat‘𝑈)))
Theorem	srhmsubclem3 45521*	Lemma 3 for srhmsubc 45522. (Contributed by AV, 19-Feb-2020.)
⊢ ∀𝑟 ∈ 𝑆 𝑟 ∈ Ring    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐶 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐶)) → (𝑋𝐽𝑌) = (𝑋(Hom ‘(RingCat‘𝑈))𝑌))
Theorem	srhmsubc 45522*	According to df-subc 17441, the subcategories (Subcat‘𝐶) of a category 𝐶 are subsets of the homomorphisms of 𝐶 (see subcssc 17471 and subcss2 17474). Therefore, the set of special ring homomorphisms (i.e., ring homomorphisms from a special ring to another ring of that kind) is a subcategory of the category of (unital) rings. (Contributed by AV, 19-Feb-2020.)
⊢ ∀𝑟 ∈ 𝑆 𝑟 ∈ Ring    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐶 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝐽 ∈ (Subcat‘(RingCat‘𝑈)))
Theorem	sringcat 45523*	The restriction of the category of (unital) rings to the set of special ring homomorphisms is a category. (Contributed by AV, 19-Feb-2020.)
⊢ ∀𝑟 ∈ 𝑆 𝑟 ∈ Ring    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐶 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 → ((RingCat‘𝑈) ↾cat 𝐽) ∈ Cat)
Theorem	crhmsubc 45524*	According to df-subc 17441, the subcategories (Subcat‘𝐶) of a category 𝐶 are subsets of the homomorphisms of 𝐶 (see subcssc 17471 and subcss2 17474). Therefore, the set of commutative ring homomorphisms (i.e. ring homomorphisms from a commutative ring to a commutative ring) is a "subcategory" of the category of (unital) rings. (Contributed by AV, 19-Feb-2020.)
⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ CRing)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐶 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝐽 ∈ (Subcat‘(RingCat‘𝑈)))
Theorem	cringcat 45525*	The restriction of the category of (unital) rings to the set of commutative ring homomorphisms is a category, the "category of commutative rings". (Contributed by AV, 19-Feb-2020.)
⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ CRing)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐶 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 → ((RingCat‘𝑈) ↾cat 𝐽) ∈ Cat)
Theorem	drhmsubc 45526*	According to df-subc 17441, the subcategories (Subcat‘𝐶) of a category 𝐶 are subsets of the homomorphisms of 𝐶 (see subcssc 17471 and subcss2 17474). Therefore, the set of division ring homomorphisms is a "subcategory" of the category of (unital) rings. (Contributed by AV, 20-Feb-2020.)
⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ DivRing)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐶 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝐽 ∈ (Subcat‘(RingCat‘𝑈)))
Theorem	drngcat 45527*	The restriction of the category of (unital) rings to the set of division ring homomorphisms is a category, the "category of division rings". (Contributed by AV, 20-Feb-2020.)
⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ DivRing)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐶 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 → ((RingCat‘𝑈) ↾cat 𝐽) ∈ Cat)
Theorem	fldcat 45528*	The restriction of the category of (unital) rings to the set of field homomorphisms is a category, the "category of fields". (Contributed by AV, 20-Feb-2020.)
⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ DivRing)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐶 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑈 ∩ Field)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐷, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐷 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 → ((RingCat‘𝑈) ↾cat 𝐹) ∈ Cat)
Theorem	fldc 45529*	The restriction of the category of division rings to the set of field homomorphisms is a category, the "category of fields". (Contributed by AV, 20-Feb-2020.)
⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ DivRing)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐶 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑈 ∩ Field)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐷, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐷 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 → (((RingCat‘𝑈) ↾cat 𝐽) ↾cat 𝐹) ∈ Cat)
Theorem	fldhmsubc 45530*	According to df-subc 17441, the subcategories (Subcat‘𝐶) of a category 𝐶 are subsets of the homomorphisms of 𝐶 (see subcssc 17471 and subcss2 17474). Therefore, the set of field homomorphisms is a "subcategory" of the category of division rings. (Contributed by AV, 20-Feb-2020.)
⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ DivRing)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐶 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑈 ∩ Field)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐷, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐷 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝐹 ∈ (Subcat‘((RingCat‘𝑈) ↾cat 𝐽)))
Theorem	rngcrescrhm 45531	The category of non-unital rings (in a universe) restricted to the ring homomorphisms between unital rings (in the same universe). (Contributed by AV, 1-Mar-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (RngCat‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 = (Ring ∩ 𝑈))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ( RingHom ↾ (𝑅 × 𝑅))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐶 ↾cat 𝐻) = ((𝐶 ↾s 𝑅) sSet ⟨(Hom ‘ndx), 𝐻⟩))
Theorem	rhmsubclem1 45532	Lemma 1 for rhmsubc 45536. (Contributed by AV, 2-Mar-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (RngCat‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 = (Ring ∩ 𝑈))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ( RingHom ↾ (𝑅 × 𝑅))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 Fn (𝑅 × 𝑅))
Theorem	rhmsubclem2 45533	Lemma 2 for rhmsubc 45536. (Contributed by AV, 2-Mar-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (RngCat‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 = (Ring ∩ 𝑈))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ( RingHom ↾ (𝑅 × 𝑅))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑅 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑅) → (𝑋𝐻𝑌) = (𝑋 RingHom 𝑌))
Theorem	rhmsubclem3 45534*	Lemma 3 for rhmsubc 45536. (Contributed by AV, 2-Mar-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (RngCat‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 = (Ring ∩ 𝑈))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ( RingHom ↾ (𝑅 × 𝑅))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅) → ((Id‘(RngCat‘𝑈))‘𝑥) ∈ (𝑥𝐻𝑥))
Theorem	rhmsubclem4 45535*	Lemma 4 for rhmsubc 45536. (Contributed by AV, 2-Mar-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (RngCat‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 = (Ring ∩ 𝑈))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ( RingHom ↾ (𝑅 × 𝑅))    ⇒   ⊢ ((((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅) ∧ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑅 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑅)) ∧ (𝑓 ∈ (𝑥𝐻𝑦) ∧ 𝑔 ∈ (𝑦𝐻𝑧))) → (𝑔(⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩(comp‘(RngCat‘𝑈))𝑧)𝑓) ∈ (𝑥𝐻𝑧))
Theorem	rhmsubc 45536	According to df-subc 17441, the subcategories (Subcat‘𝐶) of a category 𝐶 are subsets of the homomorphisms of 𝐶 (see subcssc 17471 and subcss2 17474). Therefore, the set of unital ring homomorphisms is a "subcategory" of the category of non-unital rings. (Contributed by AV, 2-Mar-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (RngCat‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 = (Ring ∩ 𝑈))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ( RingHom ↾ (𝑅 × 𝑅))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ (Subcat‘(RngCat‘𝑈)))
Theorem	rhmsubccat 45537	The restriction of the category of non-unital rings to the set of unital ring homomorphisms is a category. (Contributed by AV, 4-Mar-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (RngCat‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 = (Ring ∩ 𝑈))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ( RingHom ↾ (𝑅 × 𝑅))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((RngCat‘𝑈) ↾cat 𝐻) ∈ Cat)
Theorem	srhmsubcALTVlem1 45538*	Lemma 1 for srhmsubcALTV 45540. (Contributed by AV, 19-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ ∀𝑟 ∈ 𝑆 𝑟 ∈ Ring    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ 𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐶) → 𝑋 ∈ (Base‘(RingCatALTV‘𝑈)))
Theorem	srhmsubcALTVlem2 45539*	Lemma 2 for srhmsubcALTV 45540. (Contributed by AV, 19-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ ∀𝑟 ∈ 𝑆 𝑟 ∈ Ring    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐶 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐶)) → (𝑋𝐽𝑌) = (𝑋(Hom ‘(RingCatALTV‘𝑈))𝑌))
Theorem	srhmsubcALTV 45540*	According to df-subc 17441, the subcategories (Subcat‘𝐶) of a category 𝐶 are subsets of the homomorphisms of 𝐶 (see subcssc 17471 and subcss2 17474). Therefore, the set of special ring homomorphisms (i.e., ring homomorphisms from a special ring to another ring of that kind) is a subcategory of the category of (unital) rings. (Contributed by AV, 19-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ ∀𝑟 ∈ 𝑆 𝑟 ∈ Ring    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐶 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝐽 ∈ (Subcat‘(RingCatALTV‘𝑈)))
Theorem	sringcatALTV 45541*	The restriction of the category of (unital) rings to the set of special ring homomorphisms is a category. (Contributed by AV, 19-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ ∀𝑟 ∈ 𝑆 𝑟 ∈ Ring    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐶 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 → ((RingCatALTV‘𝑈) ↾cat 𝐽) ∈ Cat)
Theorem	crhmsubcALTV 45542*	According to df-subc 17441, the subcategories (Subcat‘𝐶) of a category 𝐶 are subsets of the homomorphisms of 𝐶 (see subcssc 17471 and subcss2 17474). Therefore, the set of commutative ring homomorphisms (i.e. ring homomorphisms from a commutative ring to a commutative ring) is a "subcategory" of the category of (unital) rings. (Contributed by AV, 19-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ CRing)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐶 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝐽 ∈ (Subcat‘(RingCatALTV‘𝑈)))
Theorem	cringcatALTV 45543*	The restriction of the category of (unital) rings to the set of commutative ring homomorphisms is a category, the "category of commutative rings". (Contributed by AV, 19-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ CRing)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐶 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 → ((RingCatALTV‘𝑈) ↾cat 𝐽) ∈ Cat)
Theorem	drhmsubcALTV 45544*	According to df-subc 17441, the subcategories (Subcat‘𝐶) of a category 𝐶 are subsets of the homomorphisms of 𝐶 (see subcssc 17471 and subcss2 17474). Therefore, the set of division ring homomorphisms is a "subcategory" of the category of (unital) rings. (Contributed by AV, 20-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ DivRing)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐶 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝐽 ∈ (Subcat‘(RingCatALTV‘𝑈)))
Theorem	drngcatALTV 45545*	The restriction of the category of (unital) rings to the set of division ring homomorphisms is a category, the "category of division rings". (Contributed by AV, 20-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ DivRing)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐶 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 → ((RingCatALTV‘𝑈) ↾cat 𝐽) ∈ Cat)
Theorem	fldcatALTV 45546*	The restriction of the category of (unital) rings to the set of field homomorphisms is a category, the "category of fields". (Contributed by AV, 20-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ DivRing)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐶 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑈 ∩ Field)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐷, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐷 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 → ((RingCatALTV‘𝑈) ↾cat 𝐹) ∈ Cat)
Theorem	fldcALTV 45547*	The restriction of the category of division rings to the set of field homomorphisms is a category, the "category of fields". (Contributed by AV, 20-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ DivRing)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐶 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑈 ∩ Field)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐷, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐷 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 → (((RingCatALTV‘𝑈) ↾cat 𝐽) ↾cat 𝐹) ∈ Cat)
Theorem	fldhmsubcALTV 45548*	According to df-subc 17441, the subcategories (Subcat‘𝐶) of a category 𝐶 are subsets of the homomorphisms of 𝐶 (see subcssc 17471 and subcss2 17474). Therefore, the set of field homomorphisms is a "subcategory" of the category of division rings. (Contributed by AV, 20-Feb-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑈 ∩ DivRing)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐶 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑈 ∩ Field)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐷, 𝑠 ∈ 𝐷 ↦ (𝑟 RingHom 𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑈 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝐹 ∈ (Subcat‘((RingCatALTV‘𝑈) ↾cat 𝐽)))
Theorem	rngcrescrhmALTV 45549	The category of non-unital rings (in a universe) restricted to the ring homomorphisms between unital rings (in the same universe). (Contributed by AV, 1-Mar-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (RngCatALTV‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 = (Ring ∩ 𝑈))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ( RingHom ↾ (𝑅 × 𝑅))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐶 ↾cat 𝐻) = ((𝐶 ↾s 𝑅) sSet ⟨(Hom ‘ndx), 𝐻⟩))
Theorem	rhmsubcALTVlem1 45550	Lemma 1 for rhmsubcALTV 45554. (Contributed by AV, 2-Mar-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (RngCatALTV‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 = (Ring ∩ 𝑈))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ( RingHom ↾ (𝑅 × 𝑅))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 Fn (𝑅 × 𝑅))
Theorem	rhmsubcALTVlem2 45551	Lemma 2 for rhmsubcALTV 45554. (Contributed by AV, 2-Mar-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (RngCatALTV‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 = (Ring ∩ 𝑈))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ( RingHom ↾ (𝑅 × 𝑅))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑅 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑅) → (𝑋𝐻𝑌) = (𝑋 RingHom 𝑌))
Theorem	rhmsubcALTVlem3 45552*	Lemma 3 for rhmsubcALTV 45554. (Contributed by AV, 2-Mar-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (RngCatALTV‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 = (Ring ∩ 𝑈))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ( RingHom ↾ (𝑅 × 𝑅))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅) → ((Id‘(RngCatALTV‘𝑈))‘𝑥) ∈ (𝑥𝐻𝑥))
Theorem	rhmsubcALTVlem4 45553*	Lemma 4 for rhmsubcALTV 45554. (Contributed by AV, 2-Mar-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (RngCatALTV‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 = (Ring ∩ 𝑈))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ( RingHom ↾ (𝑅 × 𝑅))    ⇒   ⊢ ((((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅) ∧ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑅 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑅)) ∧ (𝑓 ∈ (𝑥𝐻𝑦) ∧ 𝑔 ∈ (𝑦𝐻𝑧))) → (𝑔(⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩(comp‘(RngCatALTV‘𝑈))𝑧)𝑓) ∈ (𝑥𝐻𝑧))
Theorem	rhmsubcALTV 45554	According to df-subc 17441, the subcategories (Subcat‘𝐶) of a category 𝐶 are subsets of the homomorphisms of 𝐶 (see subcssc 17471 and subcss2 17474). Therefore, the set of unital ring homomorphisms is a "subcategory" of the category of non-unital rings. (Contributed by AV, 2-Mar-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (RngCatALTV‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 = (Ring ∩ 𝑈))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ( RingHom ↾ (𝑅 × 𝑅))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ (Subcat‘(RngCatALTV‘𝑈)))
Theorem	rhmsubcALTVcat 45555	The restriction of the category of non-unital rings to the set of unital ring homomorphisms is a category. (Contributed by AV, 4-Mar-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (RngCatALTV‘𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 = (Ring ∩ 𝑈))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ( RingHom ↾ (𝑅 × 𝑅))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((RngCatALTV‘𝑈) ↾cat 𝐻) ∈ Cat)
20.41.20  Basic algebraic structures (extension)
20.41.20.1  Auxiliary theorems
Theorem	opeliun2xp 45556	Membership of an ordered pair in a union of Cartesian products over its second component, analogous to opeliunxp 5645. (Contributed by AV, 30-Mar-2019.)
⊢ (⟨𝐶, 𝑦⟩ ∈ ∪ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (𝐴 × {𝑦}) ↔ (𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴))
Theorem	eliunxp2 45557*	Membership in a union of Cartesian products over its second component, analogous to eliunxp 5735. (Contributed by AV, 30-Mar-2019.)
⊢ (𝐶 ∈ ∪ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (𝐴 × {𝑦}) ↔ ∃𝑥∃𝑦(𝐶 = ⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵)))
Theorem	mpomptx2 45558*	Express a two-argument function as a one-argument function, or vice-versa. In this version 𝐴(𝑦) is not assumed to be constant w.r.t 𝑦, analogous to mpomptx 7365. (Contributed by AV, 30-Mar-2019.)
⊢ (𝑧 = ⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ → 𝐶 = 𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑧 ∈ ∪ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (𝐴 × {𝑦}) ↦ 𝐶) = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ 𝐷)
Theorem	cbvmpox2 45559*	Rule to change the bound variable in a maps-to function, using implicit substitution. This version of cbvmpo 7347 allows 𝐴 to be a function of 𝑦, analogous to cbvmpox 7346. (Contributed by AV, 30-Mar-2019.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑧𝐴    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝐷    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑧𝐶    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑤𝐶    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐸    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝐸    &   ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑧 → 𝐴 = 𝐷)    &   ⊢ ((𝑦 = 𝑧 ∧ 𝑥 = 𝑤) → 𝐶 = 𝐸)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ 𝐶) = (𝑤 ∈ 𝐷, 𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ 𝐸)
Theorem	dmmpossx2 45560*	The domain of a mapping is a subset of its base classes expressed as union of Cartesian products over its second component, analogous to dmmpossx 7879. (Contributed by AV, 30-Mar-2019.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ dom 𝐹 ⊆ ∪ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (𝐴 × {𝑦})
Theorem	mpoexxg2 45561*	Existence of an operation class abstraction (version for dependent domains, i.e. the first base class may depend on the second base class), analogous to mpoexxg 7889. (Contributed by AV, 30-Mar-2019.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ 𝑅 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 𝐴 ∈ 𝑆) → 𝐹 ∈ V)
Theorem	ovmpordxf 45562*	Value of an operation given by a maps-to rule, deduction form, with substitution of second argument, analogous to ovmpodxf 7401. (Contributed by AV, 30-Mar-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐷 ↦ 𝑅))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 = 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝐵)) → 𝑅 = 𝑆)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝐵) → 𝐶 = 𝐿)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐿)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝜑    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝐴    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐵    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝑆    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝑆    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴𝐹𝐵) = 𝑆)
Theorem	ovmpordx 45563*	Value of an operation given by a maps-to rule, deduction form, with substitution of second argument, analogous to ovmpodxf 7401. (Contributed by AV, 30-Mar-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐷 ↦ 𝑅))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 = 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝐵)) → 𝑅 = 𝑆)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝐵) → 𝐶 = 𝐿)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐿)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ 𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴𝐹𝐵) = 𝑆)
Theorem	ovmpox2 45564*	The value of an operation class abstraction. Variant of ovmpoga 7405 which does not require 𝐷 and 𝑥 to be distinct. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 10-Jun-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 20-Dec-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝐵) → 𝑅 = 𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝐵 → 𝐶 = 𝐿)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐶, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐷 ↦ 𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝐿 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷 ∧ 𝑆 ∈ 𝐻) → (𝐴𝐹𝐵) = 𝑆)
Theorem	fdmdifeqresdif 45565*	The restriction of a conditional mapping to function values of a function having a domain which is a difference with a singleton equals this function. (Contributed by AV, 23-Apr-2019.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐷 ↦ if(𝑥 = 𝑌, 𝑋, (𝐺‘𝑥)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐺:(𝐷 ∖ {𝑌})⟶𝑅 → 𝐺 = (𝐹 ↾ (𝐷 ∖ {𝑌})))
Theorem	offvalfv 45566*	The function operation expressed as a mapping with function values. (Contributed by AV, 6-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 Fn 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 Fn 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 ∘f 𝑅𝐺) = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ ((𝐹‘𝑥)𝑅(𝐺‘𝑥))))
Theorem	ofaddmndmap 45567	The function operation applied to the addition for functions (with the same domain) into a monoid is a function (with the same domain) into the monoid. (Contributed by AV, 6-Apr-2019.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (Base‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑀)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ Mnd ∧ 𝑉 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝑅 ↑m 𝑉) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝑅 ↑m 𝑉))) → (𝐴 ∘f + 𝐵) ∈ (𝑅 ↑m 𝑉))
Theorem	mapsnop 45568	A singleton of an ordered pair as an element of the mapping operation. (Contributed by AV, 12-Apr-2019.)
⊢ 𝐹 = {⟨𝑋, 𝑌⟩}    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑅 ∧ 𝑅 ∈ 𝑊) → 𝐹 ∈ (𝑅 ↑m {𝑋}))
Theorem	fprmappr 45569	A function with a domain of two elements as element of the mapping operator applied to a pair. (Contributed by AV, 20-May-2024.)
⊢ ((𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑈 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊 ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 𝐵) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝑋)) → {⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩, ⟨𝐵, 𝐷⟩} ∈ (𝑋 ↑m {𝐴, 𝐵}))
Theorem	mapprop 45570	An unordered pair containing two ordered pairs as an element of the mapping operation. (Contributed by AV, 16-Apr-2019.) (Proof shortened by AV, 2-Jun-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = {⟨𝑋, 𝐴⟩, ⟨𝑌, 𝐵⟩}    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑅) ∧ (𝑌 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑅) ∧ (𝑋 ≠ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑅 ∈ 𝑊)) → 𝐹 ∈ (𝑅 ↑m {𝑋, 𝑌}))
Theorem	ztprmneprm 45571	A prime is not an integer multiple of another prime. (Contributed by AV, 23-May-2019.)
⊢ ((𝑍 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℙ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℙ) → ((𝑍 · 𝐴) = 𝐵 → 𝐴 = 𝐵))
Theorem	2t6m3t4e0 45572	2 times 6 minus 3 times 4 equals 0. (Contributed by AV, 24-May-2019.)
⊢ ((2 · 6) − (3 · 4)) = 0
Theorem	ssnn0ssfz 45573*	For any finite subset of ℕ0, find a superset in the form of a set of sequential integers, analogous to ssnnssfz 31010. (Contributed by AV, 30-Sep-2019.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) → ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 𝐴 ⊆ (0...𝑛))
Theorem	nn0sumltlt 45574	If the sum of two nonnegative integers is less than a third integer, then one of the summands is already less than this third integer. (Contributed by AV, 19-Oct-2019.)
⊢ ((𝑎 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑏 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑐 ∈ ℕ0) → ((𝑎 + 𝑏) < 𝑐 → 𝑏 < 𝑐))
20.41.20.2  The binomial coefficient operation (extension)
Theorem	bcpascm1 45575	Pascal's rule for the binomial coefficient, generalized to all integers 𝐾, shifted down by 1. (Contributed by AV, 8-Sep-2019.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐾 ∈ ℤ) → (((𝑁 − 1)C𝐾) + ((𝑁 − 1)C(𝐾 − 1))) = (𝑁C𝐾))
Theorem	altgsumbc 45576*	The sum of binomial coefficients for a fixed positive 𝑁 with alternating signs is zero. Notice that this is not valid for 𝑁 = 0 (since ((-1↑0) · (0C0)) = (1 · 1) = 1). For a proof using Pascal's rule (bcpascm1 45575) instead of the binomial theorem (binom 15470) , see altgsumbcALT 45577. (Contributed by AV, 13-Sep-2019.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘)) = 0)
Theorem	altgsumbcALT 45577*	Alternate proof of altgsumbc 45576, using Pascal's rule (bcpascm1 45575) instead of the binomial theorem (binom 15470). (Contributed by AV, 8-Sep-2019.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → Σ𝑘 ∈ (0...𝑁)((-1↑𝑘) · (𝑁C𝑘)) = 0)
20.41.20.3  The ` ZZ `-module ` ZZ X. ZZ `
Theorem	zlmodzxzlmod 45578	The ℤ-module ℤ × ℤ is a (left) module with the ring of integers as base set. (Contributed by AV, 20-May-2019.) (Revised by AV, 10-Jun-2019.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤring freeLMod {0, 1})    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑍 ∈ LMod ∧ ℤring = (Scalar‘𝑍))
Theorem	zlmodzxzel 45579	An element of the (base set of the) ℤ-module ℤ × ℤ. (Contributed by AV, 21-May-2019.) (Revised by AV, 10-Jun-2019.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤring freeLMod {0, 1})    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ) → {⟨0, 𝐴⟩, ⟨1, 𝐵⟩} ∈ (Base‘𝑍))
Theorem	zlmodzxz0 45580	The 0 of the ℤ-module ℤ × ℤ. (Contributed by AV, 20-May-2019.) (Revised by AV, 10-Jun-2019.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤring freeLMod {0, 1})    &   ⊢ 0 = {⟨0, 0⟩, ⟨1, 0⟩}    ⇒   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝑍)
Theorem	zlmodzxzscm 45581	The scalar multiplication of the ℤ-module ℤ × ℤ. (Contributed by AV, 20-May-2019.) (Revised by AV, 10-Jun-2019.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤring freeLMod {0, 1})    &   ⊢ ∙ = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝑍)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐶 ∈ ℤ) → (𝐴 ∙ {⟨0, 𝐵⟩, ⟨1, 𝐶⟩}) = {⟨0, (𝐴 · 𝐵)⟩, ⟨1, (𝐴 · 𝐶)⟩})
Theorem	zlmodzxzadd 45582	The addition of the ℤ-module ℤ × ℤ. (Contributed by AV, 22-May-2019.) (Revised by AV, 10-Jun-2019.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤring freeLMod {0, 1})    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑍)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐷 ∈ ℤ)) → ({⟨0, 𝐴⟩, ⟨1, 𝐶⟩} + {⟨0, 𝐵⟩, ⟨1, 𝐷⟩}) = {⟨0, (𝐴 + 𝐵)⟩, ⟨1, (𝐶 + 𝐷)⟩})
Theorem	zlmodzxzsubm 45583	The subtraction of the ℤ-module ℤ × ℤ expressed as addition. (Contributed by AV, 24-May-2019.) (Revised by AV, 10-Jun-2019.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤring freeLMod {0, 1})    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝑍)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐷 ∈ ℤ)) → ({⟨0, 𝐴⟩, ⟨1, 𝐶⟩} − {⟨0, 𝐵⟩, ⟨1, 𝐷⟩}) = ({⟨0, 𝐴⟩, ⟨1, 𝐶⟩} (+g‘𝑍)(-1( ·𝑠 ‘𝑍){⟨0, 𝐵⟩, ⟨1, 𝐷⟩})))
Theorem	zlmodzxzsub 45584	The subtraction of the ℤ-module ℤ × ℤ. (Contributed by AV, 22-May-2019.) (Revised by AV, 10-Jun-2019.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤring freeLMod {0, 1})    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝑍)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐷 ∈ ℤ)) → ({⟨0, 𝐴⟩, ⟨1, 𝐶⟩} − {⟨0, 𝐵⟩, ⟨1, 𝐷⟩}) = {⟨0, (𝐴 − 𝐵)⟩, ⟨1, (𝐶 − 𝐷)⟩})
20.41.20.4  Group sum operation (extension 2)
Theorem	mgpsumunsn 45585*	Extract a summand/factor from the group sum for the multiplicative group of a unital ring. (Contributed by AV, 29-Dec-2018.)
⊢ 𝑀 = (mulGrp‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ CRing)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼 ∈ 𝑁)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑁) → 𝐴 ∈ (Base‘𝑅))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (Base‘𝑅))    &   ⊢ (𝑘 = 𝐼 → 𝐴 = 𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑀 Σg (𝑘 ∈ 𝑁 ↦ 𝐴)) = ((𝑀 Σg (𝑘 ∈ (𝑁 ∖ {𝐼}) ↦ 𝐴)) · 𝑋))
Theorem	mgpsumz 45586*	If the group sum for the multiplicative group of a unital ring contains a summand/factor that is the zero of the ring, the group sum itself is zero. (Contributed by AV, 29-Dec-2018.)
⊢ 𝑀 = (mulGrp‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ CRing)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼 ∈ 𝑁)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑁) → 𝐴 ∈ (Base‘𝑅))    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝑘 = 𝐼 → 𝐴 = 0 )    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑀 Σg (𝑘 ∈ 𝑁 ↦ 𝐴)) = 0 )
Theorem	mgpsumn 45587*	If the group sum for the multiplicative group of a unital ring contains a summand/factor that is the one of the ring, this summand/ factor can be removed from the group sum. (Contributed by AV, 29-Dec-2018.)
⊢ 𝑀 = (mulGrp‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ CRing)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼 ∈ 𝑁)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑁) → 𝐴 ∈ (Base‘𝑅))    &   ⊢ 1 = (1r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝑘 = 𝐼 → 𝐴 = 1 )    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑀 Σg (𝑘 ∈ 𝑁 ↦ 𝐴)) = (𝑀 Σg (𝑘 ∈ (𝑁 ∖ {𝐼}) ↦ 𝐴)))
20.41.20.5  Symmetric groups (extension)
Theorem	exple2lt6 45588	A nonnegative integer to the power of itself is less than 6 if it is less than or equal to 2. (Contributed by AV, 16-Mar-2019.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑁 ≤ 2) → (𝑁↑𝑁) < 6)
Theorem	pgrple2abl 45589	Every symmetric group on a set with at most 2 elements is abelian. (Contributed by AV, 16-Mar-2019.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (SymGrp‘𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ (♯‘𝐴) ≤ 2) → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)
Theorem	pgrpgt2nabl 45590	Every symmetric group on a set with more than 2 elements is not abelian, see also the remark in [Rotman] p. 28. (Contributed by AV, 21-Mar-2019.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (SymGrp‘𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 2 < (♯‘𝐴)) → 𝐺 ∉ Abel)
20.41.20.6  Divisibility (extension)
Theorem	invginvrid 45591	Identity for a multiplication with additive and multiplicative inverses in a ring. (Contributed by AV, 18-May-2018.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = (Unit‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (invr‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ Ring ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑈) → ((𝑁‘𝑌) · ((𝐼‘(𝑁‘𝑌)) · 𝑋)) = 𝑋)
20.41.20.7  The support of functions (extension)
Theorem	rmsupp0 45592*	The support of a mapping of a multiplication of zero with a function into a ring is empty. (Contributed by AV, 10-Apr-2019.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (Base‘𝑀)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑀 ∈ Ring ∧ 𝑉 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐶 = (0g‘𝑀)) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝑅 ↑m 𝑉)) → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑉 ↦ (𝐶(.r‘𝑀)(𝐴‘𝑣))) supp (0g‘𝑀)) = ∅)
Theorem	domnmsuppn0 45593*	The support of a mapping of a multiplication of a nonzero constant with a function into a (ring theoretic) domain equals the support of the function. (Contributed by AV, 11-Apr-2019.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (Base‘𝑀)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑀 ∈ Domn ∧ 𝑉 ∈ 𝑋) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ 𝑅 ∧ 𝐶 ≠ (0g‘𝑀)) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝑅 ↑m 𝑉)) → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑉 ↦ (𝐶(.r‘𝑀)(𝐴‘𝑣))) supp (0g‘𝑀)) = (𝐴 supp (0g‘𝑀)))
Theorem	rmsuppss 45594*	The support of a mapping of a multiplication of a constant with a function into a ring is a subset of the support of the function. (Contributed by AV, 11-Apr-2019.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (Base‘𝑀)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑀 ∈ Ring ∧ 𝑉 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑅) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝑅 ↑m 𝑉)) → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑉 ↦ (𝐶(.r‘𝑀)(𝐴‘𝑣))) supp (0g‘𝑀)) ⊆ (𝐴 supp (0g‘𝑀)))
Theorem	mndpsuppss 45595	The support of a mapping of a scalar multiplication with a function of scalars is a subset of the support of the function of scalars. (Contributed by AV, 5-Apr-2019.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (Base‘𝑀)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑀 ∈ Mnd ∧ 𝑉 ∈ 𝑋) ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝑅 ↑m 𝑉) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝑅 ↑m 𝑉))) → ((𝐴 ∘f (+g‘𝑀)𝐵) supp (0g‘𝑀)) ⊆ ((𝐴 supp (0g‘𝑀)) ∪ (𝐵 supp (0g‘𝑀))))
Theorem	scmsuppss 45596*	The support of a mapping of a scalar multiplication with a function of scalars is a subset of the support of the function of scalars. (Contributed by AV, 5-Apr-2019.)
⊢ 𝑆 = (Scalar‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Base‘𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ LMod ∧ 𝑉 ∈ 𝒫 (Base‘𝑀) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝑅 ↑m 𝑉)) → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑉 ↦ ((𝐴‘𝑣)( ·𝑠 ‘𝑀)𝑣)) supp (0g‘𝑀)) ⊆ (𝐴 supp (0g‘𝑆)))
20.41.20.8  Finitely supported functions (extension)
Theorem	rmsuppfi 45597*	The support of a mapping of a multiplication of a constant with a function into a ring is finite if the support of the function is finite. (Contributed by AV, 11-Apr-2019.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (Base‘𝑀)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑀 ∈ Ring ∧ 𝑉 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑅) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝑅 ↑m 𝑉) ∧ (𝐴 supp (0g‘𝑀)) ∈ Fin) → ((𝑣 ∈ 𝑉 ↦ (𝐶(.r‘𝑀)(𝐴‘𝑣))) supp (0g‘𝑀)) ∈ Fin)
Theorem	rmfsupp 45598*	A mapping of a multiplication of a constant with a function into a ring is finitely supported if the function is finitely supported. (Contributed by AV, 9-Jun-2019.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (Base‘𝑀)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑀 ∈ Ring ∧ 𝑉 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑅) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝑅 ↑m 𝑉) ∧ 𝐴 finSupp (0g‘𝑀)) → (𝑣 ∈ 𝑉 ↦ (𝐶(.r‘𝑀)(𝐴‘𝑣))) finSupp (0g‘𝑀))
Theorem	mndpsuppfi 45599	The support of a mapping of a scalar multiplication with a function of scalars is finite if the support of the function of scalars is finite. (Contributed by AV, 5-Apr-2019.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (Base‘𝑀)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑀 ∈ Mnd ∧ 𝑉 ∈ 𝑋) ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝑅 ↑m 𝑉) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝑅 ↑m 𝑉)) ∧ ((𝐴 supp (0g‘𝑀)) ∈ Fin ∧ (𝐵 supp (0g‘𝑀)) ∈ Fin)) → ((𝐴 ∘f (+g‘𝑀)𝐵) supp (0g‘𝑀)) ∈ Fin)
Theorem	mndpfsupp 45600	A mapping of a scalar multiplication with a function of scalars is finitely supported if the function of scalars is finitely supported. (Contributed by AV, 9-Jun-2019.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (Base‘𝑀)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑀 ∈ Mnd ∧ 𝑉 ∈ 𝑋) ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝑅 ↑m 𝑉) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝑅 ↑m 𝑉)) ∧ (𝐴 finSupp (0g‘𝑀) ∧ 𝐵 finSupp (0g‘𝑀))) → (𝐴 ∘f (+g‘𝑀)𝐵) finSupp (0g‘𝑀))