P. 201 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 20001-20100   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	ablfac1a 20001*	The factors of ablfac1b 20002 are of prime power order. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Apr-2016.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (od‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑝 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∣ (𝑂‘𝑥) ∥ (𝑝↑(𝑝 pCnt (♯‘𝐵)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ ℙ)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝐴) → (♯‘(𝑆‘𝑃)) = (𝑃↑(𝑃 pCnt (♯‘𝐵))))
Theorem	ablfac1b 20002*	Any abelian group is the direct product of factors of prime power order (with the exact order further matching the prime factorization of the group order). (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Apr-2016.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (od‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑝 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∣ (𝑂‘𝑥) ∥ (𝑝↑(𝑝 pCnt (♯‘𝐵)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ ℙ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺dom DProd 𝑆)
Theorem	ablfac1c 20003*	The factors of ablfac1b 20002 cover the entire group. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Apr-2016.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (od‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑝 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∣ (𝑂‘𝑥) ∥ (𝑝↑(𝑝 pCnt (♯‘𝐵)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ ℙ)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑤 ∈ ℙ ∣ 𝑤 ∥ (♯‘𝐵)}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ⊆ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺 DProd 𝑆) = 𝐵)
Theorem	ablfac1eulem 20004*	Lemma for ablfac1eu 20005. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Apr-2016.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (od‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑝 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∣ (𝑂‘𝑥) ∥ (𝑝↑(𝑝 pCnt (♯‘𝐵)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ ℙ)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑤 ∈ ℙ ∣ 𝑤 ∥ (♯‘𝐵)}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ⊆ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺dom DProd 𝑇 ∧ (𝐺 DProd 𝑇) = 𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → dom 𝑇 = 𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ ℕ0)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝐴) → (♯‘(𝑇‘𝑞)) = (𝑞↑𝐶))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ ℙ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ Fin)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝑃 ∥ (♯‘(𝐺 DProd (𝑇 ↾ (𝐴 ∖ {𝑃})))))
Theorem	ablfac1eu 20005*	The factorization of ablfac1b 20002 is unique, in that any other factorization into prime power factors (even if the exponents are different) must be equal to 𝑆. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Apr-2016.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (od‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑝 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∣ (𝑂‘𝑥) ∥ (𝑝↑(𝑝 pCnt (♯‘𝐵)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ ℙ)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑤 ∈ ℙ ∣ 𝑤 ∥ (♯‘𝐵)}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ⊆ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺dom DProd 𝑇 ∧ (𝐺 DProd 𝑇) = 𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → dom 𝑇 = 𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ ℕ0)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝐴) → (♯‘(𝑇‘𝑞)) = (𝑞↑𝐶))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 = 𝑆)
Theorem	pgpfac1lem1 20006*	Lemma for pgpfac1 20012. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Apr-2016.)
⊢ 𝐾 = (mrCls‘(SubGrp‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝐾‘{𝐴})    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (od‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (gEx‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ ⊕ = (LSSum‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 pGrp 𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑂‘𝐴) = 𝐸)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑆 ∩ 𝑊) = { 0 })    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑆 ⊕ 𝑊) ⊆ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑤 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺)((𝑤 ⊊ 𝑈 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑤) → ¬ (𝑆 ⊕ 𝑊) ⊊ 𝑤))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝑈 ∖ (𝑆 ⊕ 𝑊))) → ((𝑆 ⊕ 𝑊) ⊕ (𝐾‘{𝐶})) = 𝑈)
Theorem	pgpfac1lem2 20007*	Lemma for pgpfac1 20012. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Apr-2016.)
⊢ 𝐾 = (mrCls‘(SubGrp‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝐾‘{𝐴})    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (od‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (gEx‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ ⊕ = (LSSum‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 pGrp 𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑂‘𝐴) = 𝐸)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑆 ∩ 𝑊) = { 0 })    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑆 ⊕ 𝑊) ⊆ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑤 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺)((𝑤 ⊊ 𝑈 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑤) → ¬ (𝑆 ⊕ 𝑊) ⊊ 𝑤))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ (𝑈 ∖ (𝑆 ⊕ 𝑊)))    &   ⊢ · = (.g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑃 · 𝐶) ∈ (𝑆 ⊕ 𝑊))
Theorem	pgpfac1lem3a 20008*	Lemma for pgpfac1 20012. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Jun-2016.)
⊢ 𝐾 = (mrCls‘(SubGrp‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝐾‘{𝐴})    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (od‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (gEx‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ ⊕ = (LSSum‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 pGrp 𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑂‘𝐴) = 𝐸)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑆 ∩ 𝑊) = { 0 })    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑆 ⊕ 𝑊) ⊆ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑤 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺)((𝑤 ⊊ 𝑈 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑤) → ¬ (𝑆 ⊕ 𝑊) ⊊ 𝑤))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ (𝑈 ∖ (𝑆 ⊕ 𝑊)))    &   ⊢ · = (.g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑃 · 𝐶)(+g‘𝐺)(𝑀 · 𝐴)) ∈ 𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑃 ∥ 𝐸 ∧ 𝑃 ∥ 𝑀))
Theorem	pgpfac1lem3 20009*	Lemma for pgpfac1 20012. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Apr-2016.)
⊢ 𝐾 = (mrCls‘(SubGrp‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝐾‘{𝐴})    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (od‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (gEx‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ ⊕ = (LSSum‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 pGrp 𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑂‘𝐴) = 𝐸)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑆 ∩ 𝑊) = { 0 })    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑆 ⊕ 𝑊) ⊆ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑤 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺)((𝑤 ⊊ 𝑈 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑤) → ¬ (𝑆 ⊕ 𝑊) ⊊ 𝑤))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ (𝑈 ∖ (𝑆 ⊕ 𝑊)))    &   ⊢ · = (.g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑃 · 𝐶)(+g‘𝐺)(𝑀 · 𝐴)) ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝐶(+g‘𝐺)((𝑀 / 𝑃) · 𝐴))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑡 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺)((𝑆 ∩ 𝑡) = { 0 } ∧ (𝑆 ⊕ 𝑡) = 𝑈))
Theorem	pgpfac1lem4 20010*	Lemma for pgpfac1 20012. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Apr-2016.)
⊢ 𝐾 = (mrCls‘(SubGrp‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝐾‘{𝐴})    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (od‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (gEx‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ ⊕ = (LSSum‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 pGrp 𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑂‘𝐴) = 𝐸)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑆 ∩ 𝑊) = { 0 })    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑆 ⊕ 𝑊) ⊆ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑤 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺)((𝑤 ⊊ 𝑈 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑤) → ¬ (𝑆 ⊕ 𝑊) ⊊ 𝑤))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ (𝑈 ∖ (𝑆 ⊕ 𝑊)))    &   ⊢ · = (.g‘𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑡 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺)((𝑆 ∩ 𝑡) = { 0 } ∧ (𝑆 ⊕ 𝑡) = 𝑈))
Theorem	pgpfac1lem5 20011*	Lemma for pgpfac1 20012. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Apr-2016.)
⊢ 𝐾 = (mrCls‘(SubGrp‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝐾‘{𝐴})    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (od‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (gEx‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ ⊕ = (LSSum‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 pGrp 𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑂‘𝐴) = 𝐸)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑠 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺)((𝑠 ⊊ 𝑈 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑠) → ∃𝑡 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺)((𝑆 ∩ 𝑡) = { 0 } ∧ (𝑆 ⊕ 𝑡) = 𝑠)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑡 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺)((𝑆 ∩ 𝑡) = { 0 } ∧ (𝑆 ⊕ 𝑡) = 𝑈))
Theorem	pgpfac1 20012*	Factorization of a finite abelian p-group. There is a direct product decomposition of any abelian group of prime-power order where one of the factors is cyclic and generated by an element of maximal order. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Apr-2016.)
⊢ 𝐾 = (mrCls‘(SubGrp‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝐾‘{𝐴})    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (od‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (gEx‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ ⊕ = (LSSum‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 pGrp 𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑂‘𝐴) = 𝐸)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑡 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺)((𝑆 ∩ 𝑡) = { 0 } ∧ (𝑆 ⊕ 𝑡) = 𝐵))
Theorem	pgpfaclem1 20013*	Lemma for pgpfac 20016. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Apr-2016.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-May-2016.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = {𝑟 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺) ∣ (𝐺 ↾s 𝑟) ∈ (CycGrp ∩ ran pGrp )}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 pGrp 𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑡 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺)(𝑡 ⊊ 𝑈 → ∃𝑠 ∈ Word 𝐶(𝐺dom DProd 𝑠 ∧ (𝐺 DProd 𝑠) = 𝑡)))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝐺 ↾s 𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (mrCls‘(SubGrp‘𝐻))    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (od‘𝐻)    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (gEx‘𝐻)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐻)    &   ⊢ ⊕ = (LSSum‘𝐻)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐸 ≠ 1)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑂‘𝑋) = 𝐸)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐻))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐾‘{𝑋}) ∩ 𝑊) = { 0 })    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐾‘{𝑋}) ⊕ 𝑊) = 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ Word 𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺dom DProd 𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺 DProd 𝑆) = 𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝑆 ++ ⟨“(𝐾‘{𝑋})”⟩)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑠 ∈ Word 𝐶(𝐺dom DProd 𝑠 ∧ (𝐺 DProd 𝑠) = 𝑈))
Theorem	pgpfaclem2 20014*	Lemma for pgpfac 20016. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Apr-2016.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-May-2016.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = {𝑟 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺) ∣ (𝐺 ↾s 𝑟) ∈ (CycGrp ∩ ran pGrp )}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 pGrp 𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑡 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺)(𝑡 ⊊ 𝑈 → ∃𝑠 ∈ Word 𝐶(𝐺dom DProd 𝑠 ∧ (𝐺 DProd 𝑠) = 𝑡)))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝐺 ↾s 𝑈)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (mrCls‘(SubGrp‘𝐻))    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (od‘𝐻)    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (gEx‘𝐻)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐻)    &   ⊢ ⊕ = (LSSum‘𝐻)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐸 ≠ 1)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑂‘𝑋) = 𝐸)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐻))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐾‘{𝑋}) ∩ 𝑊) = { 0 })    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐾‘{𝑋}) ⊕ 𝑊) = 𝑈)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑠 ∈ Word 𝐶(𝐺dom DProd 𝑠 ∧ (𝐺 DProd 𝑠) = 𝑈))
Theorem	pgpfaclem3 20015*	Lemma for pgpfac 20016. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Apr-2016.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-May-2016.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = {𝑟 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺) ∣ (𝐺 ↾s 𝑟) ∈ (CycGrp ∩ ran pGrp )}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 pGrp 𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑡 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺)(𝑡 ⊊ 𝑈 → ∃𝑠 ∈ Word 𝐶(𝐺dom DProd 𝑠 ∧ (𝐺 DProd 𝑠) = 𝑡)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑠 ∈ Word 𝐶(𝐺dom DProd 𝑠 ∧ (𝐺 DProd 𝑠) = 𝑈))
Theorem	pgpfac 20016*	Full factorization of a finite abelian p-group, by iterating pgpfac1 20012. There is a direct product decomposition of any abelian group of prime-power order into cyclic subgroups. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Apr-2016.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-May-2016.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = {𝑟 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺) ∣ (𝐺 ↾s 𝑟) ∈ (CycGrp ∩ ran pGrp )}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 pGrp 𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑠 ∈ Word 𝐶(𝐺dom DProd 𝑠 ∧ (𝐺 DProd 𝑠) = 𝐵))
Theorem	ablfaclem1 20017*	Lemma for ablfac 20020. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Apr-2016.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-May-2016.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = {𝑟 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺) ∣ (𝐺 ↾s 𝑟) ∈ (CycGrp ∩ ran pGrp )}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (od‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑤 ∈ ℙ ∣ 𝑤 ∥ (♯‘𝐵)}    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑝 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∣ (𝑂‘𝑥) ∥ (𝑝↑(𝑝 pCnt (♯‘𝐵)))})    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (𝑔 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺) ↦ {𝑠 ∈ Word 𝐶 ∣ (𝐺dom DProd 𝑠 ∧ (𝐺 DProd 𝑠) = 𝑔)})    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑈 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺) → (𝑊‘𝑈) = {𝑠 ∈ Word 𝐶 ∣ (𝐺dom DProd 𝑠 ∧ (𝐺 DProd 𝑠) = 𝑈)})
Theorem	ablfaclem2 20018*	Lemma for ablfac 20020. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Apr-2016.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 3-May-2016.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = {𝑟 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺) ∣ (𝐺 ↾s 𝑟) ∈ (CycGrp ∩ ran pGrp )}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (od‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑤 ∈ ℙ ∣ 𝑤 ∥ (♯‘𝐵)}    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑝 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∣ (𝑂‘𝑥) ∥ (𝑝↑(𝑝 pCnt (♯‘𝐵)))})    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (𝑔 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺) ↦ {𝑠 ∈ Word 𝐶 ∣ (𝐺dom DProd 𝑠 ∧ (𝐺 DProd 𝑠) = 𝑔)})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐴⟶Word 𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐹‘𝑦) ∈ (𝑊‘(𝑆‘𝑦)))    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = ∪ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ({𝑦} × dom (𝐹‘𝑦))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻:(0..^(♯‘𝐿))–1-1-onto→𝐿)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑊‘𝐵) ≠ ∅)
Theorem	ablfaclem3 20019*	Lemma for ablfac 20020. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Apr-2016.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-May-2016.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = {𝑟 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺) ∣ (𝐺 ↾s 𝑟) ∈ (CycGrp ∩ ran pGrp )}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (od‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑤 ∈ ℙ ∣ 𝑤 ∥ (♯‘𝐵)}    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑝 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∣ (𝑂‘𝑥) ∥ (𝑝↑(𝑝 pCnt (♯‘𝐵)))})    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (𝑔 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺) ↦ {𝑠 ∈ Word 𝐶 ∣ (𝐺dom DProd 𝑠 ∧ (𝐺 DProd 𝑠) = 𝑔)})    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑊‘𝐵) ≠ ∅)
Theorem	ablfac 20020*	The Fundamental Theorem of (finite) Abelian Groups. Any finite abelian group is a direct product of cyclic p-groups. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Apr-2016.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-May-2016.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = {𝑟 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺) ∣ (𝐺 ↾s 𝑟) ∈ (CycGrp ∩ ran pGrp )}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑠 ∈ Word 𝐶(𝐺dom DProd 𝑠 ∧ (𝐺 DProd 𝑠) = 𝐵))
Theorem	ablfac2 20021*	Choose generators for each cyclic group in ablfac 20020. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-Apr-2016.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = {𝑟 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺) ∣ (𝐺 ↾s 𝑟) ∈ (CycGrp ∩ ran pGrp )}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ · = (.g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑘 ∈ dom 𝑤 ↦ ran (𝑛 ∈ ℤ ↦ (𝑛 · (𝑤‘𝑘))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑤 ∈ Word 𝐵(𝑆:dom 𝑤⟶𝐶 ∧ 𝐺dom DProd 𝑆 ∧ (𝐺 DProd 𝑆) = 𝐵))
10.2.15  Simple groups
10.2.15.1  Definition and basic properties
Syntax	csimpg 20022	Extend class notation with the class of simple groups.
class SimpGrp
Definition	df-simpg 20023	Define class of all simple groups. A simple group is a group (df-grp 18868) with exactly two normal subgroups. These are always the subgroup of all elements and the subgroup containing only the identity (simpgnsgbid 20035). (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ SimpGrp = {𝑔 ∈ Grp ∣ (NrmSGrp‘𝑔) ≈ 2o}
Theorem	issimpg 20024	The predicate "is a simple group". (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝐺 ∈ SimpGrp ↔ (𝐺 ∈ Grp ∧ (NrmSGrp‘𝐺) ≈ 2o))
Theorem	issimpgd 20025	Deduce a simple group from its properties. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (NrmSGrp‘𝐺) ≈ 2o)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ SimpGrp)
Theorem	simpggrp 20026	A simple group is a group. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝐺 ∈ SimpGrp → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)
Theorem	simpggrpd 20027	A simple group is a group. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ SimpGrp)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)
Theorem	simpg2nsg 20028	A simple group has two normal subgroups. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ (𝐺 ∈ SimpGrp → (NrmSGrp‘𝐺) ≈ 2o)
Theorem	trivnsimpgd 20029	Trivial groups are not simple. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 = { 0 })    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝐺 ∈ SimpGrp)
Theorem	simpgntrivd 20030	Simple groups are nontrivial. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ SimpGrp)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝐵 = { 0 })
Theorem	simpgnideld 20031*	A simple group contains a nonidentity element. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ SimpGrp)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ¬ 𝑥 = 0 )
Theorem	simpgnsgd 20032	The only normal subgroups of a simple group are the group itself and the trivial group. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ SimpGrp)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (NrmSGrp‘𝐺) = {{ 0 }, 𝐵})
Theorem	simpgnsgeqd 20033	A normal subgroup of a simple group is either the whole group or the trivial subgroup. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ SimpGrp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ (NrmSGrp‘𝐺))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 = { 0 } ∨ 𝐴 = 𝐵))
Theorem	2nsgsimpgd 20034*	If any normal subgroup of a nontrivial group is either the trivial subgroup or the whole group, the group is simple. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ { 0 } = 𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ (NrmSGrp‘𝐺)) → (𝑥 = { 0 } ∨ 𝑥 = 𝐵))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ SimpGrp)
Theorem	simpgnsgbid 20035	A nontrivial group is simple if and only if its normal subgroups are exactly the group itself and the trivial subgroup. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 4-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ { 0 } = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺 ∈ SimpGrp ↔ (NrmSGrp‘𝐺) = {{ 0 }, 𝐵}))
10.2.15.2  Classification of abelian simple groups
Theorem	ablsimpnosubgd 20036	A subgroup of an abelian simple group containing a nonidentity element is the whole group. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ SimpGrp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝐴 = 0 )    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 = 𝐵)
Theorem	ablsimpg1gend 20037*	An abelian simple group is generated by any non-identity element. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ · = (.g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ SimpGrp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝐴 = 0 )    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑛 ∈ ℤ 𝐶 = (𝑛 · 𝐴))
Theorem	ablsimpgcygd 20038	An abelian simple group is cyclic. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.) (Proof shortened by Rohan Ridenour, 31-Oct-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ SimpGrp)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ CycGrp)
Theorem	ablsimpgfindlem1 20039*	Lemma for ablsimpgfind 20042. An element of an abelian finite simple group which doesn't square to the identity has finite order. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.) (Proof shortened by Rohan Ridenour, 31-Oct-2023.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ · = (.g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (od‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ SimpGrp)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵) ∧ (2 · 𝑥) ≠ 0 ) → (𝑂‘𝑥) ≠ 0)
Theorem	ablsimpgfindlem2 20040*	Lemma for ablsimpgfind 20042. An element of an abelian finite simple group which squares to the identity has finite order. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ · = (.g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (od‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ SimpGrp)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵) ∧ (2 · 𝑥) = 0 ) → (𝑂‘𝑥) ≠ 0)
Theorem	cycsubggenodd 20041*	Relationship between the order of a subgroup and the order of a generator of the subgroup. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ · = (.g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (od‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 = ran (𝑛 ∈ ℤ ↦ (𝑛 · 𝐴)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑂‘𝐴) = if(𝐶 ∈ Fin, (♯‘𝐶), 0))
Theorem	ablsimpgfind 20042	An abelian simple group is finite. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ SimpGrp)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)
Theorem	fincygsubgd 20043*	The subgroup referenced in fincygsubgodd 20044 is a subgroup. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ · = (.g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑛 ∈ ℤ ↦ (𝑛 · (𝐶 · 𝐴)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℕ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ran 𝐻 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺))
Theorem	fincygsubgodd 20044*	Calculate the order of a subgroup of a finite cyclic group. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ · = (.g‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = ((♯‘𝐵) / 𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑛 ∈ ℤ ↦ (𝑛 · 𝐴))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑛 ∈ ℤ ↦ (𝑛 · (𝐶 · 𝐴)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ran 𝐹 = 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∥ (♯‘𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℕ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (♯‘ran 𝐻) = 𝐷)
Theorem	fincygsubgodexd 20045*	A finite cyclic group has subgroups of every possible order. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ CycGrp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∥ (♯‘𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℕ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ (SubGrp‘𝐺)(♯‘𝑥) = 𝐶)
Theorem	prmgrpsimpgd 20046	A group of prime order is simple. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Grp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (♯‘𝐵) ∈ ℙ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ SimpGrp)
Theorem	ablsimpgprmd 20047	An abelian simple group has prime order. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ SimpGrp)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (♯‘𝐵) ∈ ℙ)
Theorem	ablsimpgd 20048	An abelian group is simple if and only if its order is prime. (Contributed by Rohan Ridenour, 3-Aug-2023.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Abel)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺 ∈ SimpGrp ↔ (♯‘𝐵) ∈ ℙ))
10.3  Rings
10.3.1  Multiplicative Group
Syntax	cmgp 20049	Multiplicative group.
class mulGrp
Definition	df-mgp 20050	Define a structure that puts the multiplication operation of a ring in the addition slot. Note that this will not actually be a group for the average ring, or even for a field, but it will be a monoid, and unitgrp 20292 shows that we get a group if we restrict to the elements that have inverses. This allows to formalize such notions as "the multiplication operation of a ring is a monoid" (ringmgp 20148) or "the multiplicative identity" in terms of the identity of a monoid (df-ur 20091). (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Dec-2014.)
⊢ mulGrp = (𝑤 ∈ V ↦ (𝑤 sSet ⟨(+g‘ndx), (.r‘𝑤)⟩))
Theorem	fnmgp 20051	The multiplicative group operator is a function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 11-Mar-2015.)
⊢ mulGrp Fn V
Theorem	mgpval 20052	Value of the multiplication group operation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Dec-2014.)
⊢ 𝑀 = (mulGrp‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑅 sSet ⟨(+g‘ndx), · ⟩)
Theorem	mgpplusg 20053	Value of the group operation of the multiplication group. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Dec-2014.)
⊢ 𝑀 = (mulGrp‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ · = (+g‘𝑀)
Theorem	mgpbas 20054	Base set of the multiplication group. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Dec-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 5-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑀 = (mulGrp‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑀)
Theorem	mgpsca 20055	The multiplication monoid has the same (if any) scalars as the original ring. Mostly to simplify pwsmgp 20236. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Mar-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 5-May-2015.)
⊢ 𝑀 = (mulGrp‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (Scalar‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑆 = (Scalar‘𝑀)
Theorem	mgptset 20056	Topology component of the multiplication group. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 5-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑀 = (mulGrp‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ (TopSet‘𝑅) = (TopSet‘𝑀)
Theorem	mgptopn 20057	Topology of the multiplication group. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 5-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑀 = (mulGrp‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (TopOpen‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐽 = (TopOpen‘𝑀)
Theorem	mgpds 20058	Distance function of the multiplication group. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 5-Oct-2015.)
⊢ 𝑀 = (mulGrp‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (dist‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐵 = (dist‘𝑀)
Theorem	mgpress 20059	Subgroup commutes with the multiplicative group operator. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-Jan-2015.) (Proof shortened by AV, 18-Oct-2024.)
⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑅 ↾s 𝐴)    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (mulGrp‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑊) → (𝑀 ↾s 𝐴) = (mulGrp‘𝑆))
Theorem	prdsmgp 20060	The multiplicative monoid of a product is the product of the multiplicative monoids of the factors. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 11-Mar-2015.)
⊢ 𝑌 = (𝑆Xs𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (mulGrp‘𝑌)    &   ⊢ 𝑍 = (𝑆Xs(mulGrp ∘ 𝑅))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Fn 𝐼)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((Base‘𝑀) = (Base‘𝑍) ∧ (+g‘𝑀) = (+g‘𝑍)))
10.3.2  Non-unital rings ("rngs") According to Wikipedia, "... in abstract algebra, a rng (or non-unital ring or pseudo-ring) is an algebraic structure satisfying the same properties as a [unital] ring, without assuming the existence of a multiplicative identity. The term "rng" (pronounced rung) is meant to suggest that it is a "ring" without "i", i.e. without the requirement for an "identity element"." (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rng_(algebra), 28-Mar-2025).
Syntax	crng 20061	Extend class notation with class of all non-unital rings.
class Rng
Definition	df-rng 20062*	Define the class of all non-unital rings. A non-unital ring (or rng, or pseudoring) is a set equipped with two everywhere-defined internal operations, whose first one is an additive abelian group operation and the second one is a multiplicative semigroup operation, and where the addition is left- and right-distributive for the multiplication. Definition of a pseudo-ring in section I.8.1 of [BourbakiAlg1] p. 93 or the definition of a ring in part Preliminaries of [Roman] p. 18. As almost always in mathematics, "non-unital" means "not necessarily unital". Therefore, by talking about a ring (in general) or a non-unital ring the "unital" case is always included. In contrast to a unital ring, the commutativity of addition must be postulated and cannot be proven from the other conditions. (Contributed by AV, 6-Jan-2020.)
⊢ Rng = {𝑓 ∈ Abel ∣ ((mulGrp‘𝑓) ∈ Smgrp ∧ [(Base‘𝑓) / 𝑏][(+g‘𝑓) / 𝑝][(.r‘𝑓) / 𝑡]∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑏 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑏 ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝑏 ((𝑥𝑡(𝑦𝑝𝑧)) = ((𝑥𝑡𝑦)𝑝(𝑥𝑡𝑧)) ∧ ((𝑥𝑝𝑦)𝑡𝑧) = ((𝑥𝑡𝑧)𝑝(𝑦𝑡𝑧))))}
Theorem	isrng 20063*	The predicate "is a non-unital ring." (Contributed by AV, 6-Jan-2020.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (mulGrp‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ Rng ↔ (𝑅 ∈ Abel ∧ 𝐺 ∈ Smgrp ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 ((𝑥 · (𝑦 + 𝑧)) = ((𝑥 · 𝑦) + (𝑥 · 𝑧)) ∧ ((𝑥 + 𝑦) · 𝑧) = ((𝑥 · 𝑧) + (𝑦 · 𝑧)))))
Theorem	rngabl 20064	A non-unital ring is an (additive) abelian group. (Contributed by AV, 17-Feb-2020.)
⊢ (𝑅 ∈ Rng → 𝑅 ∈ Abel)
Theorem	rngmgp 20065	A non-unital ring is a semigroup under multiplication. (Contributed by AV, 17-Feb-2020.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (mulGrp‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ Rng → 𝐺 ∈ Smgrp)
Theorem	rngmgpf 20066	Restricted functionality of the multiplicative group on non-unital rings (mgpf 20157 analog). (Contributed by AV, 22-Feb-2025.)
⊢ (mulGrp ↾ Rng):Rng⟶Smgrp
Theorem	rnggrp 20067	A non-unital ring is a (additive) group. (Contributed by AV, 16-Feb-2025.)
⊢ (𝑅 ∈ Rng → 𝑅 ∈ Grp)
Theorem	rngass 20068	Associative law for the multiplication operation of a non-unital ring. (Contributed by NM, 27-Aug-2011.) (Revised by AV, 13-Feb-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ Rng ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑍 ∈ 𝐵)) → ((𝑋 · 𝑌) · 𝑍) = (𝑋 · (𝑌 · 𝑍)))
Theorem	rngdi 20069	Distributive law for the multiplication operation of a non-unital ring (left-distributivity). (Contributed by AV, 14-Feb-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ Rng ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑍 ∈ 𝐵)) → (𝑋 · (𝑌 + 𝑍)) = ((𝑋 · 𝑌) + (𝑋 · 𝑍)))
Theorem	rngdir 20070	Distributive law for the multiplication operation of a non-unital ring (right-distributivity). (Contributed by AV, 17-Apr-2020.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ Rng ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑍 ∈ 𝐵)) → ((𝑋 + 𝑌) · 𝑍) = ((𝑋 · 𝑍) + (𝑌 · 𝑍)))
Theorem	rngacl 20071	Closure of the addition operation of a non-unital ring. (Contributed by AV, 16-Feb-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ Rng ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑋 + 𝑌) ∈ 𝐵)
Theorem	rng0cl 20072	The zero element of a non-unital ring belongs to its base set. (Contributed by AV, 16-Feb-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ Rng → 0 ∈ 𝐵)
Theorem	rngcl 20073	Closure of the multiplication operation of a non-unital ring. (Contributed by AV, 17-Apr-2020.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ Rng ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑋 · 𝑌) ∈ 𝐵)
Theorem	rnglz 20074	The zero of a non-unital ring is a left-absorbing element. (Contributed by FL, 31-Aug-2009.) Generalization of ringlz 20202. (Revised by AV, 17-Apr-2020.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ Rng ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → ( 0 · 𝑋) = 0 )
Theorem	rngrz 20075	The zero of a non-unital ring is a right-absorbing element. (Contributed by FL, 31-Aug-2009.) Generalization of ringrz 20203. (Revised by AV, 16-Feb-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ Rng ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑋 · 0 ) = 0 )
Theorem	rngmneg1 20076	Negation of a product in a non-unital ring (mulneg1 11614 analog). In contrast to ringmneg1 20213, the proof does not (and cannot) make use of the existence of a ring unity. (Contributed by AV, 17-Feb-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ Rng)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑁‘𝑋) · 𝑌) = (𝑁‘(𝑋 · 𝑌)))
Theorem	rngmneg2 20077	Negation of a product in a non-unital ring (mulneg2 11615 analog). In contrast to ringmneg2 20214, the proof does not (and cannot) make use of the existence of a ring unity. (Contributed by AV, 17-Feb-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ Rng)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 · (𝑁‘𝑌)) = (𝑁‘(𝑋 · 𝑌)))
Theorem	rngm2neg 20078	Double negation of a product in a non-unital ring (mul2neg 11617 analog). (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Dec-2014.) Generalization of ringm2neg 20215. (Revised by AV, 17-Feb-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ Rng)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑁‘𝑋) · (𝑁‘𝑌)) = (𝑋 · 𝑌))
Theorem	rngansg 20079	Every additive subgroup of a non-unital ring is normal. (Contributed by AV, 25-Feb-2025.)
⊢ (𝑅 ∈ Rng → (NrmSGrp‘𝑅) = (SubGrp‘𝑅))
Theorem	rngsubdi 20080	Ring multiplication distributes over subtraction. (subdi 11611 analog.) (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 19-Jun-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 2-Jul-2014.) Generalization of ringsubdi 20216. (Revised by AV, 23-Feb-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ Rng)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 · (𝑌 − 𝑍)) = ((𝑋 · 𝑌) − (𝑋 · 𝑍)))
Theorem	rngsubdir 20081	Ring multiplication distributes over subtraction. (subdir 11612 analog.) (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 19-Jun-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 2-Jul-2014.) Generalization of ringsubdir 20217. (Revised by AV, 23-Feb-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ Rng)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑋 − 𝑌) · 𝑍) = ((𝑋 · 𝑍) − (𝑌 · 𝑍)))
Theorem	isrngd 20082*	Properties that determine a non-unital ring. (Contributed by AV, 14-Feb-2025.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → + = (+g‘𝑅))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → · = (.r‘𝑅))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ Abel)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑥 · 𝑦) ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐵)) → ((𝑥 · 𝑦) · 𝑧) = (𝑥 · (𝑦 · 𝑧)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐵)) → (𝑥 · (𝑦 + 𝑧)) = ((𝑥 · 𝑦) + (𝑥 · 𝑧)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐵)) → ((𝑥 + 𝑦) · 𝑧) = ((𝑥 · 𝑧) + (𝑦 · 𝑧)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ Rng)
Theorem	rngpropd 20083*	If two structures have the same base set, and the values of their group (addition) and ring (multiplication) operations are equal for all pairs of elements of the base set, one is a non-unital ring iff the other one is. (Contributed by AV, 15-Feb-2025.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐾))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐿))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵)) → (𝑥(+g‘𝐾)𝑦) = (𝑥(+g‘𝐿)𝑦))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵)) → (𝑥(.r‘𝐾)𝑦) = (𝑥(.r‘𝐿)𝑦))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐾 ∈ Rng ↔ 𝐿 ∈ Rng))
Theorem	prdsmulrngcl 20084	Closure of the multiplication in a structure product of non-unital rings. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 11-Mar-2015.) Generalization of prdsmulrcl 20229. (Revised by AV, 21-Feb-2025.)
⊢ 𝑌 = (𝑆Xs𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑌)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅:𝐼⟶Rng)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 · 𝐺) ∈ 𝐵)
Theorem	prdsrngd 20085	A product of non-unital rings is a non-unital ring. (Contributed by AV, 22-Feb-2025.)
⊢ 𝑌 = (𝑆Xs𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅:𝐼⟶Rng)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ Rng)
Theorem	imasrng 20086*	The image structure of a non-unital ring is a non-unital ring (imasring 20239 analog). (Contributed by AV, 22-Feb-2025.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 = (𝐹 “s 𝑅))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑅))    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑉–onto→𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑎 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑏 ∈ 𝑉) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑉)) → (((𝐹‘𝑎) = (𝐹‘𝑝) ∧ (𝐹‘𝑏) = (𝐹‘𝑞)) → (𝐹‘(𝑎 + 𝑏)) = (𝐹‘(𝑝 + 𝑞))))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑎 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑏 ∈ 𝑉) ∧ (𝑝 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑞 ∈ 𝑉)) → (((𝐹‘𝑎) = (𝐹‘𝑝) ∧ (𝐹‘𝑏) = (𝐹‘𝑞)) → (𝐹‘(𝑎 · 𝑏)) = (𝐹‘(𝑝 · 𝑞))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ Rng)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ Rng)
Theorem	imasrngf1 20087	The image of a non-unital ring under an injection is a non-unital ring (imasmndf1 18703 analog). (Contributed by AV, 22-Feb-2025.)
⊢ 𝑈 = (𝐹 “s 𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐹:𝑉–1-1→𝐵 ∧ 𝑅 ∈ Rng) → 𝑈 ∈ Rng)
Theorem	xpsrngd 20088	A product of two non-unital rings is a non-unital ring (xpsmnd 18704 analog). (Contributed by AV, 22-Feb-2025.)
⊢ 𝑌 = (𝑆 ×s 𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ Rng)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ Rng)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ Rng)
Theorem	qusrng 20089*	The quotient structure of a non-unital ring is a non-unital ring (qusring2 20243 analog). (Contributed by AV, 23-Feb-2025.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 = (𝑅 /s ∼ ))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑅))    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∼ Er 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑎 ∼ 𝑝 ∧ 𝑏 ∼ 𝑞) → (𝑎 + 𝑏) ∼ (𝑝 + 𝑞)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑎 ∼ 𝑝 ∧ 𝑏 ∼ 𝑞) → (𝑎 · 𝑏) ∼ (𝑝 · 𝑞)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ Rng)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ Rng)
10.3.3  Ring unity (multiplicative identity) In Wikipedia "Identity element", see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_element (18-Jan-2025): "... an identity with respect to multiplication is called a multiplicative identity (often denoted as 1). ... The distinction between additive and multiplicative identity is used most often for sets that support both binary operations, such as rings, integral domains, and fields. The multiplicative identity is often called unity in the latter context (a ring with unity). This should not be confused with a unit in ring theory, which is any element having a multiplicative inverse. By its own definition, unity itself is necessarily a unit." Calling the multiplicative identity of a ring a unity is taken from the definition of a ring with unity in section 17.3 of [BeauregardFraleigh] p. 135, "A ring ( R , + , . ) is a ring with unity if R is not the zero ring and ( R , . ) is a monoid. In this case, the identity element of ( R , . ) is denoted by 1 and is called the unity of R." This definition of a "ring with unity" corresponds to our definition of a unital ring (see df-ring 20144). Some authors call the multiplicative identity "unit" or "unit element" (for example in section I, 2.2 of [BourbakiAlg1] p. 14, definition in section 1.3 of [Hall] p. 4, or in section I, 1 of [Lang] p. 3), whereas other authors use the term "unit" for an element having a multiplicative inverse (for example in section 17.3 of [BeauregardFraleigh] p. 135, in definition in [Roman] p. 26, or even in section II, 1 of [Lang] p. 84). Sometimes, the multiplicative identity is simply called "one" (see, for example, chapter 8 in [Schechter] p. 180). To avoid this ambiguity of the term "unit", also mentioned in Wikipedia, we call the multiplicative identity of a structure with a multiplication (usually a ring) a "ring unity", or straightly "multiplicative identity". The term "unit" will be used for an element having a multiplicative inverse (see df-unit 20267), and we have "the ring unity is a unit", see 1unit 20283.
Syntax	cur 20090	Extend class notation with ring unity.
class 1r
Definition	df-ur 20091	Define the multiplicative identity, i.e., the monoid identity (df-0g 17404) of the multiplicative monoid (df-mgp 20050) of a ring-like structure. This multiplicative identity is also called "ring unity" or "unity element". This definition works by transferring the multiplicative operation from the .r slot to the +g slot and then looking at the element which is then the 0g element, that is an identity with respect to the operation which started out in the .r slot. See also dfur2 20093, which derives the "traditional" definition as the unique element of a ring which is left- and right-neutral under multiplication. (Contributed by NM, 27-Aug-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 27-Dec-2014.)
⊢ 1r = (0g ∘ mulGrp)
Theorem	ringidval 20092	The value of the unity element of a ring. (Contributed by NM, 27-Aug-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 27-Dec-2014.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (mulGrp‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 1 = (1r‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ 1 = (0g‘𝐺)
Theorem	dfur2 20093*	The multiplicative identity is the unique element of the ring that is left- and right-neutral on all elements under multiplication. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 1 = (1r‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ 1 = (℩𝑒(𝑒 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ((𝑒 · 𝑥) = 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 · 𝑒) = 𝑥)))
Theorem	ringurd 20094*	Deduce the unity element of a ring from its properties. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 6-Sep-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → · = (.r‘𝑅))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 1 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵) → ( 1 · 𝑥) = 𝑥)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑥 · 1 ) = 𝑥)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 1 = (1r‘𝑅))
10.3.4  Semirings
Syntax	csrg 20095	Extend class notation with the class of all semirings.
class SRing
Definition	df-srg 20096*	Define class of all semirings. A semiring is a set equipped with two everywhere-defined internal operations, whose first one is an additive commutative monoid structure and the second one is a multiplicative monoid structure, and where multiplication is (left- and right-) distributive over addition. Like with rings (df-ring 20144), the additive identity is an absorbing element of the multiplicative law, but in the case of semirings, this has to be part of the definition, as it cannot be deduced from distributivity alone. Definition of [Golan] p. 1. Note that our semirings are unital. Such semirings are sometimes called "rigs", being "rings without negatives". (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Mar-2018.)
⊢ SRing = {𝑓 ∈ CMnd ∣ ((mulGrp‘𝑓) ∈ Mnd ∧ [(Base‘𝑓) / 𝑟][(+g‘𝑓) / 𝑝][(.r‘𝑓) / 𝑡][(0g‘𝑓) / 𝑛]∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑟 (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑟 ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝑟 ((𝑥𝑡(𝑦𝑝𝑧)) = ((𝑥𝑡𝑦)𝑝(𝑥𝑡𝑧)) ∧ ((𝑥𝑝𝑦)𝑡𝑧) = ((𝑥𝑡𝑧)𝑝(𝑦𝑡𝑧))) ∧ ((𝑛𝑡𝑥) = 𝑛 ∧ (𝑥𝑡𝑛) = 𝑛)))}
Theorem	issrg 20097*	The predicate "is a semiring". (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Mar-2018.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (mulGrp‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ SRing ↔ (𝑅 ∈ CMnd ∧ 𝐺 ∈ Mnd ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 ((𝑥 · (𝑦 + 𝑧)) = ((𝑥 · 𝑦) + (𝑥 · 𝑧)) ∧ ((𝑥 + 𝑦) · 𝑧) = ((𝑥 · 𝑧) + (𝑦 · 𝑧))) ∧ (( 0 · 𝑥) = 0 ∧ (𝑥 · 0 ) = 0 ))))
Theorem	srgcmn 20098	A semiring is a commutative monoid. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Mar-2018.)
⊢ (𝑅 ∈ SRing → 𝑅 ∈ CMnd)
Theorem	srgmnd 20099	A semiring is a monoid. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Mar-2018.)
⊢ (𝑅 ∈ SRing → 𝑅 ∈ Mnd)
Theorem	srgmgp 20100	A semiring is a monoid under multiplication. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Mar-2018.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (mulGrp‘𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ SRing → 𝐺 ∈ Mnd)