P. 405 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 40401-40500   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Syntax	clk 40401	Extend class notation with the kernel of a functional (set of vectors whose functional value is zero) on a left module or left vector space.
class LKer
Definition	df-lkr 40402*	Define the kernel of a functional (set of vectors whose functional value is zero) on a left module or left vector space. (Contributed by NM, 15-Apr-2014.)
⊢ LKer = (𝑤 ∈ V ↦ (𝑓 ∈ (LFnl‘𝑤) ↦ (◡𝑓 “ {(0g‘(Scalar‘𝑤))})))
Theorem	lkrfval 40403*	The kernel of a functional. (Contributed by NM, 15-Apr-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Jun-2014.)
⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑊 ∈ 𝑋 → 𝐾 = (𝑓 ∈ 𝐹 ↦ (◡𝑓 “ { 0 })))
Theorem	lkrval 40404	Value of the kernel of a functional. (Contributed by NM, 15-Apr-2014.)
⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹) → (𝐾‘𝐺) = (◡𝐺 “ { 0 }))
Theorem	ellkr 40405	Membership in the kernel of a functional. (elnlfn 32576 analog.) (Contributed by NM, 16-Apr-2014.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹) → (𝑋 ∈ (𝐾‘𝐺) ↔ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ (𝐺‘𝑋) = 0 )))
Theorem	lkrval2 40406*	Value of the kernel of a functional. (Contributed by NM, 15-Apr-2014.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹) → (𝐾‘𝐺) = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 ∣ (𝐺‘𝑥) = 0 })
Theorem	ellkr2 40407	Membership in the kernel of a functional. (Contributed by NM, 12-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 ∈ (𝐾‘𝐺) ↔ (𝐺‘𝑋) = 0 ))
Theorem	lkrcl 40408	A member of the kernel of a functional is a vector. (Contributed by NM, 16-Apr-2014.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹 ∧ 𝑋 ∈ (𝐾‘𝐺)) → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)
Theorem	lkrf0 40409	The value of a functional at a member of its kernel is zero. (Contributed by NM, 16-Apr-2014.)
⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹 ∧ 𝑋 ∈ (𝐾‘𝐺)) → (𝐺‘𝑋) = 0 )
Theorem	lkr0f 40410	The kernel of the zero functional is the set of all vectors. (Contributed by NM, 17-Apr-2014.)
⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ LMod ∧ 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹) → ((𝐾‘𝐺) = 𝑉 ↔ 𝐺 = (𝑉 × { 0 })))
Theorem	lkrlss 40411	The kernel of a linear functional is a subspace. (nlelshi 32708 analog.) (Contributed by NM, 16-Apr-2014.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (LSubSp‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ LMod ∧ 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹) → (𝐾‘𝐺) ∈ 𝑆)
Theorem	lkrssv 40412	The kernel of a linear functional is a set of vectors. (Contributed by NM, 1-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐾‘𝐺) ⊆ 𝑉)
Theorem	lkrsc 40413	The kernel of a nonzero scalar product of a functional equals the kernel of the functional. (Contributed by NM, 9-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (LKer‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ 𝐾)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ≠ 0 )    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐿‘(𝐺 ∘f · (𝑉 × {𝑅}))) = (𝐿‘𝐺))
Theorem	lkrscss 40414	The kernel of a scalar product of a functional includes the kernel of the functional. (The inclusion is proper for the zero product and equality otherwise.) (Contributed by NM, 9-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (LKer‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ 𝐾)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐿‘𝐺) ⊆ (𝐿‘(𝐺 ∘f · (𝑉 × {𝑅}))))
Theorem	eqlkr 40415*	Two functionals with the same kernel are the same up to a constant. (Contributed by NM, 18-Apr-2014.)
⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (LKer‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ LVec ∧ (𝐺 ∈ 𝐹 ∧ 𝐻 ∈ 𝐹) ∧ (𝐿‘𝐺) = (𝐿‘𝐻)) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝐾 ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 (𝐻‘𝑥) = ((𝐺‘𝑥) · 𝑟))
Theorem	eqlkr2 40416*	Two functionals with the same kernel are the same up to a constant. (Contributed by NM, 10-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (LKer‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ LVec ∧ (𝐺 ∈ 𝐹 ∧ 𝐻 ∈ 𝐹) ∧ (𝐿‘𝐺) = (𝐿‘𝐻)) → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝐾 𝐻 = (𝐺 ∘f · (𝑉 × {𝑟})))
Theorem	eqlkr3 40417	Two functionals with the same kernel are equal if they are equal at any nonzero value. (Contributed by NM, 2-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐾‘𝐺) = (𝐾‘𝐻))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺‘𝑋) = (𝐻‘𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺‘𝑋) ≠ 0 )    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 = 𝐻)
Theorem	lkrlsp 40418	The subspace sum of a kernel and the span of a vector not in the kernel (by ellkr 40405) is the whole vector space. (Contributed by NM, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (LSpan‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ ⊕ = (LSSum‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ LVec ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹) ∧ (𝐺‘𝑋) ≠ 0 ) → ((𝐾‘𝐺) ⊕ (𝑁‘{𝑋})) = 𝑉)
Theorem	lkrlsp2 40419	The subspace sum of a kernel and the span of a vector not in the kernel is the whole vector space. (Contributed by NM, 12-May-2014.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (LSpan‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ ⊕ = (LSSum‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ LVec ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹) ∧ ¬ 𝑋 ∈ (𝐾‘𝐺)) → ((𝐾‘𝐺) ⊕ (𝑁‘{𝑋})) = 𝑉)
Theorem	lkrlsp3 40420	The subspace sum of a kernel and the span of a vector not in the kernel is the whole vector space. (Contributed by NM, 29-Jun-2014.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (LSpan‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ LVec ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹) ∧ ¬ 𝑋 ∈ (𝐾‘𝐺)) → (𝑁‘((𝐾‘𝐺) ∪ {𝑋})) = 𝑉)
Theorem	lkrshp 40421	The kernel of a nonzero functional is a hyperplane. (Contributed by NM, 29-Jun-2014.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (LSHyp‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ LVec ∧ 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹 ∧ 𝐺 ≠ (𝑉 × { 0 })) → (𝐾‘𝐺) ∈ 𝐻)
Theorem	lkrshp3 40422	The kernels of nonzero functionals are hyperplanes. (Contributed by NM, 17-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (LSHyp‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐾‘𝐺) ∈ 𝐻 ↔ 𝐺 ≠ (𝑉 × { 0 })))
Theorem	lkrshpor 40423	The kernel of a functional is either a hyperplane or the full vector space. (Contributed by NM, 7-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (LSHyp‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐾‘𝐺) ∈ 𝐻 ∨ (𝐾‘𝐺) = 𝑉))
Theorem	lkrshp4 40424	A kernel is a hyperplane iff it doesn't contain all vectors. (Contributed by NM, 1-Nov-2014.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (LSHyp‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐾‘𝐺) ≠ 𝑉 ↔ (𝐾‘𝐺) ∈ 𝐻))
Theorem	lshpsmreu 40425*	Lemma for lshpkrex 40434. Show uniqueness of ring multiplier 𝑘 when a vector 𝑋 is broken down into components, one in a hyperplane and the other outside of it . TODO: do we need the cbvrexv 3354 for 𝑎 to 𝑐? (Contributed by NM, 4-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (LSpan‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ ⊕ = (LSSum‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (LSHyp‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝐻)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑈 ⊕ (𝑁‘{𝑍})) = 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃!𝑘 ∈ 𝐾 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝑈 𝑋 = (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑍)))
Theorem	lshpkrlem1 40426*	Lemma for lshpkrex 40434. The value of tentative functional 𝐺 is zero iff its argument belongs to hyperplane 𝑈. (Contributed by NM, 14-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (LSpan‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ ⊕ = (LSSum‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (LSHyp‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝐻)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑈 ⊕ (𝑁‘{𝑍})) = 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 ↦ (℩𝑘 ∈ 𝐾 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝑈 𝑥 = (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑍))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 ∈ 𝑈 ↔ (𝐺‘𝑋) = 0 ))
Theorem	lshpkrlem2 40427*	Lemma for lshpkrex 40434. The value of tentative functional 𝐺 is a scalar. (Contributed by NM, 16-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (LSpan‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ ⊕ = (LSSum‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (LSHyp‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝐻)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑈 ⊕ (𝑁‘{𝑍})) = 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 ↦ (℩𝑘 ∈ 𝐾 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝑈 𝑥 = (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑍))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺‘𝑋) ∈ 𝐾)
Theorem	lshpkrlem3 40428*	Lemma for lshpkrex 40434. Defining property of 𝐺‘𝑋. (Contributed by NM, 15-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (LSpan‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ ⊕ = (LSSum‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (LSHyp‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝐻)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑈 ⊕ (𝑁‘{𝑍})) = 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 ↦ (℩𝑘 ∈ 𝐾 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝑈 𝑥 = (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑍))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝑈 𝑋 = (𝑧 + ((𝐺‘𝑋) · 𝑍)))
Theorem	lshpkrlem4 40429*	Lemma for lshpkrex 40434. Part of showing linearity of 𝐺. (Contributed by NM, 16-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (LSpan‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ ⊕ = (LSSum‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (LSHyp‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝐻)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑈 ⊕ (𝑁‘{𝑍})) = 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 ↦ (℩𝑘 ∈ 𝐾 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝑈 𝑥 = (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑍))))    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑙 ∈ 𝐾 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑉) ∧ (𝑣 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑟 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑠 ∈ 𝑉) ∧ (𝑢 = (𝑟 + ((𝐺‘𝑢) · 𝑍)) ∧ 𝑣 = (𝑠 + ((𝐺‘𝑣) · 𝑍)))) → ((𝑙 · 𝑢) + 𝑣) = (((𝑙 · 𝑟) + 𝑠) + (((𝑙(.r‘𝐷)(𝐺‘𝑢))(+g‘𝐷)(𝐺‘𝑣)) · 𝑍)))
Theorem	lshpkrlem5 40430*	Lemma for lshpkrex 40434. Part of showing linearity of 𝐺. (Contributed by NM, 16-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (LSpan‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ ⊕ = (LSSum‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (LSHyp‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝐻)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑈 ⊕ (𝑁‘{𝑍})) = 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 ↦ (℩𝑘 ∈ 𝐾 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝑈 𝑥 = (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑍))))    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑙 ∈ 𝐾 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑉) ∧ (𝑣 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑟 ∈ 𝑈 ∧ (𝑠 ∈ 𝑈 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑈)) ∧ (𝑢 = (𝑟 + ((𝐺‘𝑢) · 𝑍)) ∧ 𝑣 = (𝑠 + ((𝐺‘𝑣) · 𝑍)) ∧ ((𝑙 · 𝑢) + 𝑣) = (𝑧 + ((𝐺‘((𝑙 · 𝑢) + 𝑣)) · 𝑍)))) → (𝐺‘((𝑙 · 𝑢) + 𝑣)) = ((𝑙(.r‘𝐷)(𝐺‘𝑢))(+g‘𝐷)(𝐺‘𝑣)))
Theorem	lshpkrlem6 40431*	Lemma for lshpkrex 40434. Show linearlity of 𝐺. (Contributed by NM, 17-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (LSpan‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ ⊕ = (LSSum‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (LSHyp‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝐻)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑈 ⊕ (𝑁‘{𝑍})) = 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 ↦ (℩𝑘 ∈ 𝐾 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝑈 𝑥 = (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑍))))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑙 ∈ 𝐾 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑉)) → (𝐺‘((𝑙 · 𝑢) + 𝑣)) = ((𝑙(.r‘𝐷)(𝐺‘𝑢))(+g‘𝐷)(𝐺‘𝑣)))
Theorem	lshpkrcl 40432*	The set 𝐺 defined by hyperplane 𝑈 is a linear functional. (Contributed by NM, 17-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (LSpan‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ ⊕ = (LSSum‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (LSHyp‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝐻)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑈 ⊕ (𝑁‘{𝑍})) = 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 ↦ (℩𝑘 ∈ 𝐾 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝑈 𝑥 = (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑍))))    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)
Theorem	lshpkr 40433*	The kernel of functional 𝐺 is the hyperplane defining it. (Contributed by NM, 17-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (LSpan‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ ⊕ = (LSSum‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (LSHyp‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝐻)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑈 ⊕ (𝑁‘{𝑍})) = 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 ↦ (℩𝑘 ∈ 𝐾 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝑈 𝑥 = (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑍))))    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (LKer‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐿‘𝐺) = 𝑈)
Theorem	lshpkrex 40434*	There exists a functional whose kernel equals a given hyperplane. Part of Th. 1.27 of Barbu and Precupanu, Convexity and Optimization in Banach Spaces. (Contributed by NM, 17-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝐻 = (LSHyp‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ LVec ∧ 𝑈 ∈ 𝐻) → ∃𝑔 ∈ 𝐹 (𝐾‘𝑔) = 𝑈)
Theorem	lshpset2N 40435*	The set of all hyperplanes of a left module or left vector space equals the set of all kernels of nonzero functionals. (Contributed by NM, 17-Jul-2014.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (LSHyp‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑊 ∈ LVec → 𝐻 = {𝑠 ∣ ∃𝑔 ∈ 𝐹 (𝑔 ≠ (𝑉 × { 0 }) ∧ 𝑠 = (𝐾‘𝑔))})
Theorem	islshpkrN 40436*	The predicate "is a hyperplane" (of a left module or left vector space). TODO: should it be 𝑈 = (𝐾‘𝑔) or (𝐾‘𝑔) = 𝑈 as in lshpkrex 40434? Both standards seem to be used randomly throughout set.mm; we should decide on a preferred one. (Contributed by NM, 7-Oct-2014.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (LSHyp‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑊 ∈ LVec → (𝑈 ∈ 𝐻 ↔ ∃𝑔 ∈ 𝐹 (𝑔 ≠ (𝑉 × { 0 }) ∧ 𝑈 = (𝐾‘𝑔))))
Theorem	lfl1dim 40437*	Equivalent expressions for a 1-dim subspace (ray) of functionals. (Contributed by NM, 24-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (LKer‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → {𝑔 ∈ 𝐹 ∣ (𝐿‘𝐺) ⊆ (𝐿‘𝑔)} = {𝑔 ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ 𝐾 𝑔 = (𝐺 ∘f · (𝑉 × {𝑘}))})
Theorem	lfl1dim2N 40438*	Equivalent expressions for a 1-dim subspace (ray) of functionals. TODO: delete this if not useful; lfl1dim 40437 may be more compatible with lspsn 21319. (Contributed by NM, 24-Oct-2014.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (LKer‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → {𝑔 ∈ 𝐹 ∣ (𝐿‘𝐺) ⊆ (𝐿‘𝑔)} = {𝑔 ∈ 𝐹 ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ 𝐾 𝑔 = (𝐺 ∘f · (𝑉 × {𝑘}))})
21.30.8  Opposite rings and dual vector spaces
Syntax	cld 40439	Extend class notation with left dualvector space.
class LDual
Definition	df-ldual 40440*	Define the (left) dual of a left vector space (or module) in which the vectors are functionals. In many texts, this is defined as a right vector space, but by reversing the multiplication we achieve a left vector space, as is done in definition of dual vector space in [Holland95] p. 218. This allows to reuse our existing collection of left vector space theorems. The restriction on ∘f (+g‘𝑣) allows it to be a set; see ofmres 8028. Note the operation reversal in the scalar product to allow to use the original scalar ring instead of the oppr ring, for convenience. (Contributed by NM, 18-Oct-2014.)
⊢ LDual = (𝑣 ∈ V ↦ ({⟨(Base‘ndx), (LFnl‘𝑣)⟩, ⟨(+g‘ndx), ( ∘f (+g‘(Scalar‘𝑣)) ↾ ((LFnl‘𝑣) × (LFnl‘𝑣)))⟩, ⟨(Scalar‘ndx), (oppr‘(Scalar‘𝑣))⟩} ∪ {⟨( ·𝑠 ‘ndx), (𝑘 ∈ (Base‘(Scalar‘𝑣)), 𝑓 ∈ (LFnl‘𝑣) ↦ (𝑓 ∘f (.r‘(Scalar‘𝑣))((Base‘𝑣) × {𝑘})))⟩}))
Theorem	ldualset 40441*	Define the (left) dual of a left vector space (or module) in which the vectors are functionals. In many texts, this is defined as a right vector space, but by reversing the multiplication we achieve a left vector space, as is done in definition of dual vector space in [Holland95] p. 218. This allows to reuse our existing collection of left vector space theorems. Note the operation reversal in the scalar product to allow to use the original scalar ring instead of the oppr ring, for convenience. (Contributed by NM, 18-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ + = ( ∘f + ↾ (𝐹 × 𝐹))    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (oppr‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ ∙ = (𝑘 ∈ 𝐾, 𝑓 ∈ 𝐹 ↦ (𝑓 ∘f · (𝑉 × {𝑘})))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ 𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 = ({⟨(Base‘ndx), 𝐹⟩, ⟨(+g‘ndx), + ⟩, ⟨(Scalar‘ndx), 𝑂⟩} ∪ {⟨( ·𝑠 ‘ndx), ∙ ⟩}))
Theorem	ldualvbase 40442	The vectors of a dual space are functionals of the original space. (Contributed by NM, 18-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ 𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑉 = 𝐹)
Theorem	ldualelvbase 40443	Utility theorem for converting a functional to a vector of the dual space in order to use standard vector theorems. (Contributed by NM, 6-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝑉)
Theorem	ldualfvadd 40444	Vector addition in the dual of a vector space. (Contributed by NM, 21-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ ⨣ = ( ∘f + ↾ (𝐹 × 𝐹))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → + = ⨣ )
Theorem	ldualvadd 40445	Vector addition in the dual of a vector space. (Contributed by NM, 21-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺 + 𝐻) = (𝐺 ∘f + 𝐻))
Theorem	ldualvaddcl 40446	The value of vector addition in the dual of a vector space is a functional. (Contributed by NM, 21-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺 + 𝐻) ∈ 𝐹)
Theorem	ldualvaddval 40447	The value of the value of vector addition in the dual of a vector space. (Contributed by NM, 7-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐺 + 𝐻)‘𝑋) = ((𝐺‘𝑋) + (𝐻‘𝑋)))
Theorem	ldualsca 40448	The ring of scalars of the dual of a vector space. (Contributed by NM, 18-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (oppr‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ 𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 = 𝑂)
Theorem	ldualsbase 40449	Base set of scalar ring for the dual of a vector space. (Contributed by NM, 24-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (Base‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐾 = 𝐿)
Theorem	ldualsaddN 40450	Scalar addition for the dual of a vector space. (Contributed by NM, 24-Oct-2014.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → + = + )
Theorem	ldualsmul 40451	Scalar multiplication for the dual of a vector space. (Contributed by NM, 19-Oct-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 22-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ · = (.r‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ ∙ = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐾)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝐾)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 ∙ 𝑌) = (𝑌 · 𝑋))
Theorem	ldualfvs 40452*	Scalar product operation for the dual of a vector space. (Contributed by NM, 18-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ × = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ ∙ = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ · = (𝑘 ∈ 𝐾, 𝑓 ∈ 𝐹 ↦ (𝑓 ∘f × (𝑉 × {𝑘})))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∙ = · )
Theorem	ldualvs 40453	Scalar product operation value (which is a functional) for the dual of a vector space. (Contributed by NM, 18-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ × = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ ∙ = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐾)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 ∙ 𝐺) = (𝐺 ∘f × (𝑉 × {𝑋})))
Theorem	ldualvsval 40454	Value of scalar product operation value for the dual of a vector space. (Contributed by NM, 18-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ × = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ ∙ = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐾)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑋 ∙ 𝐺)‘𝐴) = ((𝐺‘𝐴) × 𝑋))
Theorem	ldualvscl 40455	The scalar product operation value is a functional. (Contributed by NM, 18-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐾)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 · 𝐺) ∈ 𝐹)
Theorem	ldualvaddcom 40456	Commutative law for vector (functional) addition. (Contributed by NM, 17-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 + 𝑌) = (𝑌 + 𝑋))
Theorem	ldualvsass 40457	Associative law for scalar product operation. (Contributed by NM, 20-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ × = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐾)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝐾)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑌 × 𝑋) · 𝐺) = (𝑋 · (𝑌 · 𝐺)))
Theorem	ldualvsass2 40458	Associative law for scalar product operation, using operations from the dual space. (Contributed by NM, 20-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑄 = (Scalar‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ × = (.r‘𝑄)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐾)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝐾)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑋 × 𝑌) · 𝐺) = (𝑋 · (𝑌 · 𝐺)))
Theorem	ldualvsdi1 40459	Distributive law for scalar product operation, using operations from the dual space. (Contributed by NM, 21-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐾)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 · (𝐺 + 𝐻)) = ((𝑋 · 𝐺) + (𝑋 · 𝐻)))
Theorem	ldualvsdi2 40460	Reverse distributive law for scalar product operation, using operations from the dual space. (Contributed by NM, 21-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐾)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝐾)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑋 + 𝑌) · 𝐺) = ((𝑋 · 𝐺) + (𝑌 · 𝐺)))
Theorem	ldualgrplem 40461	Lemma for ldualgrp 40462. (Contributed by NM, 22-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = ∘f (+g‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ × = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (oppr‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ Grp)
Theorem	ldualgrp 40462	The dual of a vector space is a group. (Contributed by NM, 21-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ Grp)
Theorem	ldual0 40463	The zero scalar of the dual of a vector space. (Contributed by NM, 28-Dec-2014.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (Scalar‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (0g‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑂 = 0 )
Theorem	ldual1 40464	The unit scalar of the dual of a vector space. (Contributed by NM, 26-Feb-2015.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 1 = (1r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (Scalar‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (1r‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼 = 1 )
Theorem	ldualneg 40465	The negative of a scalar of the dual of a vector space. (Contributed by NM, 26-Feb-2015.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (invg‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (Scalar‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 = 𝑀)
Theorem	ldual0v 40466	The zero vector of the dual of a vector space. (Contributed by NM, 24-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑂 = (𝑉 × { 0 }))
Theorem	ldual0vcl 40467	The dual zero vector is a functional. (Contributed by NM, 5-Mar-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 ∈ 𝐹)
Theorem	lduallmodlem 40468	Lemma for lduallmod 40469. (Contributed by NM, 22-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = ∘f (+g‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ × = (.r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (oppr‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ LMod)
Theorem	lduallmod 40469	The dual of a left module is also a left module. (Contributed by NM, 22-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ LMod)
Theorem	lduallvec 40470	The dual of a left vector space is also a left vector space. Note that scalar multiplication is reversed by df-oppr 20609; otherwise, the dual would be a right vector space as is sometimes the case in the literature. (Contributed by NM, 22-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ LVec)
Theorem	ldualvsub 40471	The value of vector subtraction in the dual of a vector space. (Contributed by NM, 27-Feb-2015.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (invg‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 1 = (1r‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺 − 𝐻) = (𝐺 + ((𝑁‘ 1 ) · 𝐻)))
Theorem	ldualvsubcl 40472	Closure of vector subtraction in the dual of a vector space. (Contributed by NM, 27-Feb-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺 − 𝐻) ∈ 𝐹)
Theorem	ldualvsubval 40473	The value of the value of vector subtraction in the dual of a vector space. TODO: shorten with ldualvsub 40471? (Requires 𝐷 to oppr conversion.) (Contributed by NM, 26-Feb-2015.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (-g‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐺 − 𝐻)‘𝑋) = ((𝐺‘𝑋)𝑆(𝐻‘𝑋)))
Theorem	ldualssvscl 40474	Closure of scalar product in a dual subspace.) (Contributed by NM, 5-Feb-2015.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (LSubSp‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐾)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝑈)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 · 𝑌) ∈ 𝑈)
Theorem	ldualssvsubcl 40475	Closure of vector subtraction in a dual subspace.) (Contributed by NM, 9-Mar-2015.)
⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ − = (-g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (LSubSp‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝑈)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 − 𝑌) ∈ 𝑈)
Theorem	ldual0vs 40476	Scalar zero times a functional is the zero functional. (Contributed by NM, 17-Feb-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ( 0 · 𝐺) = 𝑂)
Theorem	lkr0f2 40477	The kernel of the zero functional is the set of all vectors. (Contributed by NM, 4-Feb-2015.)
⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐾‘𝐺) = 𝑉 ↔ 𝐺 = 0 ))
Theorem	lduallkr3 40478	The kernels of nonzero functionals are hyperplanes. (Contributed by NM, 22-Feb-2015.)
⊢ 𝐻 = (LSHyp‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐾‘𝐺) ∈ 𝐻 ↔ 𝐺 ≠ 0 ))
Theorem	lkrpssN 40479	Proper subset relation between kernels. (Contributed by NM, 16-Feb-2015.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐾‘𝐺) ⊊ (𝐾‘𝐻) ↔ (𝐺 ≠ 0 ∧ 𝐻 = 0 )))
Theorem	lkrin 40480	Intersection of the kernels of 2 functionals is included in the kernel of their sum. (Contributed by NM, 7-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ + = (+g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LMod)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐾‘𝐺) ∩ (𝐾‘𝐻)) ⊆ (𝐾‘(𝐺 + 𝐻)))
Theorem	eqlkr4 40481*	Two functionals with the same kernel are the same up to a constant. (Contributed by NM, 4-Feb-2015.)
⊢ 𝑆 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐾‘𝐺) = (𝐾‘𝐻))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑅 𝐻 = (𝑟 · 𝐺))
Theorem	ldual1dim 40482*	Equivalent expressions for a 1-dim subspace (ray) of functionals. (Contributed by NM, 24-Oct-2014.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (LKer‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (LSpan‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑁‘{𝐺}) = {𝑔 ∈ 𝐹 ∣ (𝐿‘𝐺) ⊆ (𝐿‘𝑔)})
Theorem	ldualkrsc 40483	The kernel of a nonzero scalar product of a functional equals the kernel of the functional. (Contributed by NM, 28-Dec-2014.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (LKer‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐾)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ≠ 0 )    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐿‘(𝑋 · 𝐺)) = (𝐿‘𝐺))
Theorem	lkrss 40484	The kernel of a scalar product of a functional includes the kernel of the functional. (Contributed by NM, 27-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝑅 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (LKer‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐾)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐿‘𝐺) ⊆ (𝐿‘(𝑋 · 𝐺)))
Theorem	lkrss2N 40485*	Two functionals with kernels in a subset relationship. (Contributed by NM, 17-Feb-2015.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝑆 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐾‘𝐺) ⊆ (𝐾‘𝐻) ↔ ∃𝑟 ∈ 𝑅 𝐻 = (𝑟 · 𝐺)))
Theorem	lkreqN 40486	Proportional functionals have equal kernels. (Contributed by NM, 28-Mar-2015.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝑆 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (Base‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (LKer‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ · = ( ·𝑠 ‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ (𝑅 ∖ { 0 }))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 = (𝐴 · 𝐻))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐾‘𝐺) = (𝐾‘𝐻))
Theorem	lkrlspeqN 40487	Condition for colinear functionals to have equal kernels. (Contributed by NM, 20-Mar-2015.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (LFnl‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (LKer‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (LDual‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0g‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (LSpan‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ LVec)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ ((𝑁‘{𝐻}) ∖ { 0 }))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐿‘𝐺) = (𝐿‘𝐻))
21.30.9  Ortholattices and orthomodular lattices
Syntax	cops 40488	Extend class notation with orthoposets.
class OP
Syntax	ccmtN 40489	Extend class notation with the commutes relation.
class cm
Syntax	col 40490	Extend class notation with orthlattices.
class OL
Syntax	coml 40491	Extend class notation with orthomodular lattices.
class OML
Definition	df-oposet 40492*	Define the class of orthoposets, which are bounded posets with an orthocomplementation operation. Note that (Base p ) e. dom ( lub 𝑝) means there is an upper bound 1., and similarly for the 0. element. (Contributed by NM, 20-Oct-2011.) (Revised by NM, 13-Sep-2018.)
⊢ OP = {𝑝 ∈ Poset ∣ (((Base‘𝑝) ∈ dom (lub‘𝑝) ∧ (Base‘𝑝) ∈ dom (glb‘𝑝)) ∧ ∃𝑜(𝑜 = (oc‘𝑝) ∧ ∀𝑎 ∈ (Base‘𝑝)∀𝑏 ∈ (Base‘𝑝)(((𝑜‘𝑎) ∈ (Base‘𝑝) ∧ (𝑜‘(𝑜‘𝑎)) = 𝑎 ∧ (𝑎(le‘𝑝)𝑏 → (𝑜‘𝑏)(le‘𝑝)(𝑜‘𝑎))) ∧ (𝑎(join‘𝑝)(𝑜‘𝑎)) = (1.‘𝑝) ∧ (𝑎(meet‘𝑝)(𝑜‘𝑎)) = (0.‘𝑝))))}
Definition	df-cmtN 40493*	Define the commutes relation for orthoposets. Definition of commutes in [Kalmbach] p. 20. (Contributed by NM, 6-Nov-2011.)
⊢ cm = (𝑝 ∈ V ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ (Base‘𝑝) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (Base‘𝑝) ∧ 𝑥 = ((𝑥(meet‘𝑝)𝑦)(join‘𝑝)(𝑥(meet‘𝑝)((oc‘𝑝)‘𝑦))))})
Definition	df-ol 40494	Define the class of ortholattices. Definition from [Kalmbach] p. 16. (Contributed by NM, 18-Sep-2011.)
⊢ OL = (Lat ∩ OP)
Definition	df-oml 40495*	Define the class of orthomodular lattices. Definition from [Kalmbach] p. 16. (Contributed by NM, 18-Sep-2011.)
⊢ OML = {𝑙 ∈ OL ∣ ∀𝑎 ∈ (Base‘𝑙)∀𝑏 ∈ (Base‘𝑙)(𝑎(le‘𝑙)𝑏 → 𝑏 = (𝑎(join‘𝑙)(𝑏(meet‘𝑙)((oc‘𝑙)‘𝑎))))}
Theorem	isopos 40496*	The predicate "is an orthoposet." (Contributed by NM, 20-Oct-2011.) (Revised by NM, 14-Sep-2018.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = (lub‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (glb‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ ≤ = (le‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ ⊥ = (oc‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ ∨ = (join‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ ∧ = (meet‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0.‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ 1 = (1.‘𝐾)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐾 ∈ OP ↔ ((𝐾 ∈ Poset ∧ 𝐵 ∈ dom 𝑈 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ dom 𝐺) ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ((( ⊥ ‘𝑥) ∈ 𝐵 ∧ ( ⊥ ‘( ⊥ ‘𝑥)) = 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ≤ 𝑦 → ( ⊥ ‘𝑦) ≤ ( ⊥ ‘𝑥))) ∧ (𝑥 ∨ ( ⊥ ‘𝑥)) = 1 ∧ (𝑥 ∧ ( ⊥ ‘𝑥)) = 0 )))
Theorem	opposet 40497	Every orthoposet is a poset. (Contributed by NM, 12-Oct-2011.)
⊢ (𝐾 ∈ OP → 𝐾 ∈ Poset)
Theorem	oposlem 40498	Lemma for orthoposet properties. (Contributed by NM, 20-Oct-2011.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ ≤ = (le‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ ⊥ = (oc‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ ∨ = (join‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ ∧ = (meet‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0.‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ 1 = (1.‘𝐾)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐾 ∈ OP ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵) → ((( ⊥ ‘𝑋) ∈ 𝐵 ∧ ( ⊥ ‘( ⊥ ‘𝑋)) = 𝑋 ∧ (𝑋 ≤ 𝑌 → ( ⊥ ‘𝑌) ≤ ( ⊥ ‘𝑋))) ∧ (𝑋 ∨ ( ⊥ ‘𝑋)) = 1 ∧ (𝑋 ∧ ( ⊥ ‘𝑋)) = 0 ))
Theorem	op01dm 40499	Conditions necessary for zero and unity elements to exist. (Contributed by NM, 14-Sep-2018.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = (lub‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (glb‘𝐾)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐾 ∈ OP → (𝐵 ∈ dom 𝑈 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ dom 𝐺))
Theorem	op0cl 40500	An orthoposet has a zero element. (h0elch 31903 analog.) (Contributed by NM, 12-Oct-2011.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ 0 = (0.‘𝐾)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐾 ∈ OP → 0 ∈ 𝐵)