P. 85 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 8401-8500   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Syntax	wsmo 8401	Introduce the strictly monotone ordinal function. A strictly monotone function is one that is constantly increasing across the ordinals.
wff Smo 𝐴
Definition	df-smo 8402*	Definition of a strictly monotone ordinal function. Definition 7.46 in [TakeutiZaring] p. 50. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 15-Nov-2011.)
⊢ (Smo 𝐴 ↔ (𝐴:dom 𝐴⟶On ∧ Ord dom 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ dom 𝐴∀𝑦 ∈ dom 𝐴(𝑥 ∈ 𝑦 → (𝐴‘𝑥) ∈ (𝐴‘𝑦))))
Theorem	dfsmo2 8403*	Alternate definition of a strictly monotone ordinal function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Mar-2013.)
⊢ (Smo 𝐹 ↔ (𝐹:dom 𝐹⟶On ∧ Ord dom 𝐹 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ dom 𝐹∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝐹‘𝑦) ∈ (𝐹‘𝑥)))
Theorem	issmo 8404*	Conditions for which 𝐴 is a strictly monotone ordinal function. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 15-Nov-2011.) Avoid ax-13 2380. (Revised by GG, 19-May-2023.)
⊢ 𝐴:𝐵⟶On    &   ⊢ Ord 𝐵    &   ⊢ ((𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑥 ∈ 𝑦 → (𝐴‘𝑥) ∈ (𝐴‘𝑦)))    &   ⊢ dom 𝐴 = 𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ Smo 𝐴
Theorem	issmo2 8405*	Alternate definition of a strictly monotone ordinal function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Mar-2013.)
⊢ (𝐹:𝐴⟶𝐵 → ((𝐵 ⊆ On ∧ Ord 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝐹‘𝑦) ∈ (𝐹‘𝑥)) → Smo 𝐹))
Theorem	smoeq 8406	Equality theorem for strictly monotone functions. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 16-Nov-2011.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → (Smo 𝐴 ↔ Smo 𝐵))
Theorem	smodm 8407	The domain of a strictly monotone function is an ordinal. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 16-Nov-2011.)
⊢ (Smo 𝐴 → Ord dom 𝐴)
Theorem	smores 8408	A strictly monotone function restricted to an ordinal remains strictly monotone. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 16-Nov-2011.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 5-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((Smo 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ dom 𝐴) → Smo (𝐴 ↾ 𝐵))
Theorem	smores3 8409	A strictly monotone function restricted to an ordinal remains strictly monotone. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 19-Nov-2011.)
⊢ ((Smo (𝐴 ↾ 𝐵) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (dom 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∧ Ord 𝐵) → Smo (𝐴 ↾ 𝐶))
Theorem	smores2 8410	A strictly monotone ordinal function restricted to an ordinal is still monotone. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Mar-2013.)
⊢ ((Smo 𝐹 ∧ Ord 𝐴) → Smo (𝐹 ↾ 𝐴))
Theorem	smodm2 8411	The domain of a strictly monotone ordinal function is an ordinal. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Mar-2013.)
⊢ ((𝐹 Fn 𝐴 ∧ Smo 𝐹) → Ord 𝐴)
Theorem	smofvon2 8412	The function values of a strictly monotone ordinal function are ordinals. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Mar-2013.)
⊢ (Smo 𝐹 → (𝐹‘𝐵) ∈ On)
Theorem	iordsmo 8413	The identity relation restricted to the ordinals is a strictly monotone function. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 16-Nov-2011.)
⊢ Ord 𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ Smo ( I ↾ 𝐴)
Theorem	smo0 8414	The null set is a strictly monotone ordinal function. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 20-Nov-2011.)
⊢ Smo ∅
Theorem	smofvon 8415	If 𝐵 is a strictly monotone ordinal function, and 𝐴 is in the domain of 𝐵, then the value of the function at 𝐴 is an ordinal. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 20-Nov-2011.)
⊢ ((Smo 𝐵 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝐵) → (𝐵‘𝐴) ∈ On)
Theorem	smoel 8416	If 𝑥 is less than 𝑦 then a strictly monotone function's value will be strictly less at 𝑥 than at 𝑦. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 22-Nov-2011.)
⊢ ((Smo 𝐵 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝐵 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝐵‘𝐶) ∈ (𝐵‘𝐴))
Theorem	smoiun 8417*	The value of a strictly monotone ordinal function contains its indexed union. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 22-Nov-2011.)
⊢ ((Smo 𝐵 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝐵) → ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐵‘𝑥) ⊆ (𝐵‘𝐴))
Theorem	smoiso 8418	If 𝐹 is an isomorphism from an ordinal 𝐴 onto 𝐵, which is a subset of the ordinals, then 𝐹 is a strictly monotonic function. Exercise 3 in [TakeutiZaring] p. 50. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 24-Nov-2011.)
⊢ ((𝐹 Isom E , E (𝐴, 𝐵) ∧ Ord 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ⊆ On) → Smo 𝐹)
Theorem	smoel2 8419	A strictly monotone ordinal function preserves the membership relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Mar-2013.)
⊢ (((𝐹 Fn 𝐴 ∧ Smo 𝐹) ∧ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐵)) → (𝐹‘𝐶) ∈ (𝐹‘𝐵))
Theorem	smo11 8420	A strictly monotone ordinal function is one-to-one. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-Feb-2013.)
⊢ ((𝐹:𝐴⟶𝐵 ∧ Smo 𝐹) → 𝐹:𝐴–1-1→𝐵)
Theorem	smoord 8421	A strictly monotone ordinal function preserves strict ordering. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Mar-2013.)
⊢ (((𝐹 Fn 𝐴 ∧ Smo 𝐹) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝐶 ∈ 𝐷 ↔ (𝐹‘𝐶) ∈ (𝐹‘𝐷)))
Theorem	smoword 8422	A strictly monotone ordinal function preserves weak ordering. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Mar-2013.)
⊢ (((𝐹 Fn 𝐴 ∧ Smo 𝐹) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝐴)) → (𝐶 ⊆ 𝐷 ↔ (𝐹‘𝐶) ⊆ (𝐹‘𝐷)))
Theorem	smogt 8423	A strictly monotone ordinal function is greater than or equal to its argument. Exercise 1 in [TakeutiZaring] p. 50. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 23-Nov-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 28-Feb-2013.)
⊢ ((𝐹 Fn 𝐴 ∧ Smo 𝐹 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ⊆ (𝐹‘𝐶))
Theorem	smocdmdom 8424	The codomain of a strictly monotone ordinal function dominates the domain. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Mar-2013.)
⊢ ((𝐹:𝐴⟶𝐵 ∧ Smo 𝐹 ∧ Ord 𝐵) → 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵)
Theorem	smoiso2 8425	The strictly monotone ordinal functions are also isomorphisms of subclasses of On equipped with the membership relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Mar-2013.)
⊢ ((Ord 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ⊆ On) → ((𝐹:𝐴–onto→𝐵 ∧ Smo 𝐹) ↔ 𝐹 Isom E , E (𝐴, 𝐵)))
2.4.20  "Strong" transfinite recursion
Syntax	crecs 8426	Notation for a function defined by strong transfinite recursion.
class recs(𝐹)
Definition	df-recs 8427	Define a function recs(𝐹) on On, the class of ordinal numbers, by transfinite recursion given a rule 𝐹 which sets the next value given all values so far. See df-rdg 8466 for more details on why this definition is desirable. Unlike df-rdg 8466 which restricts the update rule to use only the previous value, this version allows the update rule to use all previous values, which is why it is described as "strong", although it is actually more primitive. See recsfnon 8459 and recsval 8460 for the primary contract of this definition. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 18-Jan-2015.) (Revised by Scott Fenton, 3-Aug-2020.)
⊢ recs(𝐹) = wrecs( E , On, 𝐹)
Theorem	dfrecs3 8428*	The old definition of transfinite recursion. This version is preferred for development, as it demonstrates the properties of transfinite recursion without relying on well-ordered recursion. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 3-Aug-2020.) (Proof revised by Scott Fenton, 18-Nov-2024.)
⊢ recs(𝐹) = ∪ {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ On (𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ 𝑦)))}
Theorem	dfrecs3OLD 8429*	Obsolete version of dfrecs3 8428 as of 18-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 3-Aug-2020.)
⊢ recs(𝐹) = ∪ {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ On (𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ 𝑦)))}
Theorem	recseq 8430	Equality theorem for recs. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 18-Jan-2015.)
⊢ (𝐹 = 𝐺 → recs(𝐹) = recs(𝐺))
Theorem	nfrecs 8431	Bound-variable hypothesis builder for recs. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 18-Jan-2015.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐹    ⇒   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥recs(𝐹)
Theorem	tfrlem1 8432*	A technical lemma for transfinite recursion. Compare Lemma 1 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 47. (Contributed by NM, 23-Mar-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-May-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ On)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (Fun 𝐹 ∧ 𝐴 ⊆ dom 𝐹))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (Fun 𝐺 ∧ 𝐴 ⊆ dom 𝐺))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐹‘𝑥) = (𝐵‘(𝐹 ↾ 𝑥)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐺‘𝑥) = (𝐵‘(𝐺 ↾ 𝑥)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐹‘𝑥) = (𝐺‘𝑥))
Theorem	tfrlem3a 8433*	Lemma for transfinite recursion. Let 𝐴 be the class of "acceptable" functions. The final thing we're interested in is the union of all these acceptable functions. This lemma just changes some bound variables in 𝐴 for later use. (Contributed by NM, 9-Apr-1995.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ On (𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ 𝑦)))}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐺 ∈ 𝐴 ↔ ∃𝑧 ∈ On (𝐺 Fn 𝑧 ∧ ∀𝑤 ∈ 𝑧 (𝐺‘𝑤) = (𝐹‘(𝐺 ↾ 𝑤))))
Theorem	tfrlem3 8434*	Lemma for transfinite recursion. Let 𝐴 be the class of "acceptable" functions. The final thing we're interested in is the union of all these acceptable functions. This lemma just changes some bound variables in 𝐴 for later use. (Contributed by NM, 9-Apr-1995.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ On (𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ 𝑦)))}    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑔 ∣ ∃𝑧 ∈ On (𝑔 Fn 𝑧 ∧ ∀𝑤 ∈ 𝑧 (𝑔‘𝑤) = (𝐹‘(𝑔 ↾ 𝑤)))}
Theorem	tfrlem4 8435*	Lemma for transfinite recursion. 𝐴 is the class of all "acceptable" functions, and 𝐹 is their union. First we show that an acceptable function is in fact a function. (Contributed by NM, 9-Apr-1995.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ On (𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ 𝑦)))}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑔 ∈ 𝐴 → Fun 𝑔)
Theorem	tfrlem5 8436*	Lemma for transfinite recursion. The values of two acceptable functions are the same within their domains. (Contributed by NM, 9-Apr-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-May-2019.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ On (𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ 𝑦)))}    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑔 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ ℎ ∈ 𝐴) → ((𝑥𝑔𝑢 ∧ 𝑥ℎ𝑣) → 𝑢 = 𝑣))
Theorem	recsfval 8437*	Lemma for transfinite recursion. The definition recs is the union of all acceptable functions. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-May-2015.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ On (𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ 𝑦)))}    ⇒   ⊢ recs(𝐹) = ∪ 𝐴
Theorem	tfrlem6 8438*	Lemma for transfinite recursion. The union of all acceptable functions is a relation. (Contributed by NM, 8-Aug-1994.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-May-2015.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ On (𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ 𝑦)))}    ⇒   ⊢ Rel recs(𝐹)
Theorem	tfrlem7 8439*	Lemma for transfinite recursion. The union of all acceptable functions is a function. (Contributed by NM, 9-Aug-1994.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-May-2019.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ On (𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ 𝑦)))}    ⇒   ⊢ Fun recs(𝐹)
Theorem	tfrlem8 8440*	Lemma for transfinite recursion. The domain of recs is an ordinal. (Contributed by NM, 14-Aug-1994.) (Proof shortened by Alan Sare, 11-Mar-2008.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ On (𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ 𝑦)))}    ⇒   ⊢ Ord dom recs(𝐹)
Theorem	tfrlem9 8441*	Lemma for transfinite recursion. Here we compute the value of recs (the union of all acceptable functions). (Contributed by NM, 17-Aug-1994.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ On (𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ 𝑦)))}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐵 ∈ dom recs(𝐹) → (recs(𝐹)‘𝐵) = (𝐹‘(recs(𝐹) ↾ 𝐵)))
Theorem	tfrlem9a 8442*	Lemma for transfinite recursion. Without using ax-rep 5303, show that all the restrictions of recs are sets. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 16-Nov-2014.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ On (𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ 𝑦)))}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐵 ∈ dom recs(𝐹) → (recs(𝐹) ↾ 𝐵) ∈ V)
Theorem	tfrlem10 8443*	Lemma for transfinite recursion. We define class 𝐶 by extending recs with one ordered pair. We will assume, falsely, that domain of recs is a member of, and thus not equal to, On. Using this assumption we will prove facts about 𝐶 that will lead to a contradiction in tfrlem14 8447, thus showing the domain of recs does in fact equal On. Here we show (under the false assumption) that 𝐶 is a function extending the domain of recs(𝐹) by one. (Contributed by NM, 14-Aug-1994.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-May-2015.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ On (𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ 𝑦)))}    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (recs(𝐹) ∪ {⟨dom recs(𝐹), (𝐹‘recs(𝐹))⟩})    ⇒   ⊢ (dom recs(𝐹) ∈ On → 𝐶 Fn suc dom recs(𝐹))
Theorem	tfrlem11 8444*	Lemma for transfinite recursion. Compute the value of 𝐶. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-1994.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-May-2015.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ On (𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ 𝑦)))}    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (recs(𝐹) ∪ {⟨dom recs(𝐹), (𝐹‘recs(𝐹))⟩})    ⇒   ⊢ (dom recs(𝐹) ∈ On → (𝐵 ∈ suc dom recs(𝐹) → (𝐶‘𝐵) = (𝐹‘(𝐶 ↾ 𝐵))))
Theorem	tfrlem12 8445*	Lemma for transfinite recursion. Show 𝐶 is an acceptable function. (Contributed by NM, 15-Aug-1994.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-May-2015.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ On (𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ 𝑦)))}    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (recs(𝐹) ∪ {⟨dom recs(𝐹), (𝐹‘recs(𝐹))⟩})    ⇒   ⊢ (recs(𝐹) ∈ V → 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴)
Theorem	tfrlem13 8446*	Lemma for transfinite recursion. If recs is a set function, then 𝐶 is acceptable, and thus a subset of recs, but dom 𝐶 is bigger than dom recs. This is a contradiction, so recs must be a proper class function. (Contributed by NM, 14-Aug-1994.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 14-Nov-2014.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ On (𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ 𝑦)))}    ⇒   ⊢ ¬ recs(𝐹) ∈ V
Theorem	tfrlem14 8447*	Lemma for transfinite recursion. Assuming ax-rep 5303, dom recs ∈ V ↔ recs ∈ V, so since dom recs is an ordinal, it must be equal to On. (Contributed by NM, 14-Aug-1994.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-May-2015.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ On (𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ 𝑦)))}    ⇒   ⊢ dom recs(𝐹) = On
Theorem	tfrlem15 8448*	Lemma for transfinite recursion. Without assuming ax-rep 5303, we can show that all proper initial subsets of recs are sets, while nothing larger is a set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 14-Nov-2014.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ On (𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ 𝑦)))}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐵 ∈ On → (𝐵 ∈ dom recs(𝐹) ↔ (recs(𝐹) ↾ 𝐵) ∈ V))
Theorem	tfrlem16 8449*	Lemma for finite recursion. Without assuming ax-rep 5303, we can show that the domain of the constructed function is a limit ordinal, and hence contains all the finite ordinals. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 14-Nov-2014.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ On (𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ 𝑦)))}    ⇒   ⊢ Lim dom recs(𝐹)
Theorem	tfr1a 8450	A weak version of tfr1 8453 which is useful for proofs that avoid the Axiom of Replacement. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Jun-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = recs(𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (Fun 𝐹 ∧ Lim dom 𝐹)
Theorem	tfr2a 8451	A weak version of tfr2 8454 which is useful for proofs that avoid the Axiom of Replacement. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Jun-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = recs(𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ dom 𝐹 → (𝐹‘𝐴) = (𝐺‘(𝐹 ↾ 𝐴)))
Theorem	tfr2b 8452	Without assuming ax-rep 5303, we can show that all proper initial subsets of recs are sets, while nothing larger is a set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Jun-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = recs(𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (Ord 𝐴 → (𝐴 ∈ dom 𝐹 ↔ (𝐹 ↾ 𝐴) ∈ V))
Theorem	tfr1 8453	Principle of Transfinite Recursion, part 1 of 3. Theorem 7.41(1) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 47. We start with an arbitrary class 𝐺, normally a function, and define a class 𝐴 of all "acceptable" functions. The final function we're interested in is the union 𝐹 = recs(𝐺) of them. 𝐹 is then said to be defined by transfinite recursion. The purpose of the 3 parts of this theorem is to demonstrate properties of 𝐹. In this first part we show that 𝐹 is a function whose domain is all ordinal numbers. (Contributed by NM, 17-Aug-1994.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 18-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = recs(𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐹 Fn On
Theorem	tfr2 8454	Principle of Transfinite Recursion, part 2 of 3. Theorem 7.41(2) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 47. Here we show that the function 𝐹 has the property that for any function 𝐺 whatsoever, the "next" value of 𝐹 is 𝐺 recursively applied to all "previous" values of 𝐹. (Contributed by NM, 9-Apr-1995.) (Revised by Stefan O'Rear, 18-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = recs(𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ On → (𝐹‘𝐴) = (𝐺‘(𝐹 ↾ 𝐴)))
Theorem	tfr3 8455*	Principle of Transfinite Recursion, part 3 of 3. Theorem 7.41(3) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 47. Finally, we show that 𝐹 is unique. We do this by showing that any class 𝐵 with the same properties of 𝐹 that we showed in parts 1 and 2 is identical to 𝐹. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-1994.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-May-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = recs(𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐵 Fn On ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ On (𝐵‘𝑥) = (𝐺‘(𝐵 ↾ 𝑥))) → 𝐵 = 𝐹)
Theorem	tfr1ALT 8456	Alternate proof of tfr1 8453 using well-ordered recursion. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 3-Aug-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐹 = recs(𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐹 Fn On
Theorem	tfr2ALT 8457	Alternate proof of tfr2 8454 using well-ordered recursion. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 3-Aug-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐹 = recs(𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ On → (𝐹‘𝐴) = (𝐺‘(𝐹 ↾ 𝐴)))
Theorem	tfr3ALT 8458*	Alternate proof of tfr3 8455 using well-ordered recursion. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 3-Aug-2020.) (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐹 = recs(𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐵 Fn On ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ On (𝐵‘𝑥) = (𝐺‘(𝐵 ↾ 𝑥))) → 𝐵 = 𝐹)
Theorem	recsfnon 8459	Strong transfinite recursion defines a function on ordinals. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 18-Jan-2015.)
⊢ recs(𝐹) Fn On
Theorem	recsval 8460	Strong transfinite recursion in terms of all previous values. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 18-Jan-2015.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ On → (recs(𝐹)‘𝐴) = (𝐹‘(recs(𝐹) ↾ 𝐴)))
Theorem	tz7.44lem1 8461*	The ordered pair abstraction 𝐺 defined in the hypothesis is a function. This was a lemma for tz7.44-1 8462, tz7.44-2 8463, and tz7.44-3 8464 when they used that definition of 𝐺. Now, they use the maps-to df-mpt 5250 idiom so this lemma is not needed anymore, but is kept in case other applications (for instance in intuitionistic set theory) need it. (Contributed by NM, 23-Apr-1995.) (Revised by David Abernethy, 19-Jun-2012.)
⊢ 𝐺 = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ ((𝑥 = ∅ ∧ 𝑦 = 𝐴) ∨ (¬ (𝑥 = ∅ ∨ Lim dom 𝑥) ∧ 𝑦 = (𝐻‘(𝑥‘∪ dom 𝑥))) ∨ (Lim dom 𝑥 ∧ 𝑦 = ∪ ran 𝑥))}    ⇒   ⊢ Fun 𝐺
Theorem	tz7.44-1 8462*	The value of 𝐹 at ∅. Part 1 of Theorem 7.44 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 49. (Contributed by NM, 23-Apr-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 14-Nov-2014.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ V ↦ if(𝑥 = ∅, 𝐴, if(Lim dom 𝑥, ∪ ran 𝑥, (𝐻‘(𝑥‘∪ dom 𝑥)))))    &   ⊢ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 → (𝐹‘𝑦) = (𝐺‘(𝐹 ↾ 𝑦)))    &   ⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ (∅ ∈ 𝑋 → (𝐹‘∅) = 𝐴)
Theorem	tz7.44-2 8463*	The value of 𝐹 at a successor ordinal. Part 2 of Theorem 7.44 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 49. (Contributed by NM, 23-Apr-1995.) Remove unnecessary distinct variable conditions. (Revised by David Abernethy, 19-Jun-2012.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 14-Nov-2014.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ V ↦ if(𝑥 = ∅, 𝐴, if(Lim dom 𝑥, ∪ ran 𝑥, (𝐻‘(𝑥‘∪ dom 𝑥)))))    &   ⊢ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 → (𝐹‘𝑦) = (𝐺‘(𝐹 ↾ 𝑦)))    &   ⊢ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 → (𝐹 ↾ 𝑦) ∈ V)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 Fn 𝑋    &   ⊢ Ord 𝑋    ⇒   ⊢ (suc 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 → (𝐹‘suc 𝐵) = (𝐻‘(𝐹‘𝐵)))
Theorem	tz7.44-3 8464*	The value of 𝐹 at a limit ordinal. Part 3 of Theorem 7.44 of [TakeutiZaring] p. 49. (Contributed by NM, 23-Apr-1995.) (Revised by David Abernethy, 19-Jun-2012.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ V ↦ if(𝑥 = ∅, 𝐴, if(Lim dom 𝑥, ∪ ran 𝑥, (𝐻‘(𝑥‘∪ dom 𝑥)))))    &   ⊢ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 → (𝐹‘𝑦) = (𝐺‘(𝐹 ↾ 𝑦)))    &   ⊢ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 → (𝐹 ↾ 𝑦) ∈ V)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 Fn 𝑋    &   ⊢ Ord 𝑋    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ Lim 𝐵) → (𝐹‘𝐵) = ∪ (𝐹 “ 𝐵))
2.4.21  Recursive definition generator
Syntax	crdg 8465	Extend class notation with the recursive definition generator, with characteristic function 𝐹 and initial value 𝐼.
class rec(𝐹, 𝐼)
Definition	df-rdg 8466*	Define a recursive definition generator on On (the class of ordinal numbers) with characteristic function 𝐹 and initial value 𝐼. This combines functions 𝐹 in tfr1 8453 and 𝐺 in tz7.44-1 8462 into one definition. This rather amazing operation allows to define, with compact direct definitions, functions that are usually defined in textbooks only with indirect self-referencing recursive definitions. A recursive definition requires advanced metalogic to justify - in particular, eliminating a recursive definition is very difficult and often not even shown in textbooks. On the other hand, the elimination of a direct definition is a matter of simple mechanical substitution. The price paid is the daunting complexity of our rec operation (especially when df-recs 8427 that it is built on is also eliminated). But once we get past this hurdle, definitions that would otherwise be recursive become relatively simple, as in for example oav 8567, from which we prove the recursive textbook definition as Theorems oa0 8572, oasuc 8580, and oalim 8588 (with the help of Theorems rdg0 8477, rdgsuc 8480, and rdglim2a 8489). We can also restrict the rec operation to define otherwise recursive functions on the natural numbers ω; see fr0g 8492 and frsuc 8493. Our rec operation apparently does not appear in published literature, although closely related is Definition 25.2 of [Quine] p. 177, which he uses to "turn...a recursion into a genuine or direct definition" (p. 174). Note that the if operations (see df-if 4549) select cases based on whether the domain of 𝑔 is zero, a successor, or a limit ordinal. An important use of this definition is in the recursive sequence generator df-seq 14053 on the natural numbers (as a subset of the complex numbers), allowing us to define, with direct definitions, recursive infinite sequences such as the factorial function df-fac 14323 and integer powers df-exp 14113. Note: We introduce rec with the philosophical goal of being able to eliminate all definitions with direct mechanical substitution and to verify easily the soundness of definitions. Metamath itself has no built-in technical limitation that prevents multiple-part recursive definitions in the traditional textbook style. (Contributed by NM, 9-Apr-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-May-2015.)
⊢ rec(𝐹, 𝐼) = recs((𝑔 ∈ V ↦ if(𝑔 = ∅, 𝐼, if(Lim dom 𝑔, ∪ ran 𝑔, (𝐹‘(𝑔‘∪ dom 𝑔))))))
Theorem	rdgeq1 8467	Equality theorem for the recursive definition generator. (Contributed by NM, 9-Apr-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-May-2015.)
⊢ (𝐹 = 𝐺 → rec(𝐹, 𝐴) = rec(𝐺, 𝐴))
Theorem	rdgeq2 8468	Equality theorem for the recursive definition generator. (Contributed by NM, 9-Apr-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-May-2015.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → rec(𝐹, 𝐴) = rec(𝐹, 𝐵))
Theorem	rdgeq12 8469	Equality theorem for the recursive definition generator. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 28-Apr-2012.)
⊢ ((𝐹 = 𝐺 ∧ 𝐴 = 𝐵) → rec(𝐹, 𝐴) = rec(𝐺, 𝐵))
Theorem	nfrdg 8470	Bound-variable hypothesis builder for the recursive definition generator. (Contributed by NM, 14-Sep-2003.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 8-Sep-2013.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐹    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥rec(𝐹, 𝐴)
Theorem	rdglem1 8471*	Lemma used with the recursive definition generator. This is a trivial lemma that just changes bound variables for later use. (Contributed by NM, 9-Apr-1995.)
⊢ {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ On (𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐺‘(𝑓 ↾ 𝑦)))} = {𝑔 ∣ ∃𝑧 ∈ On (𝑔 Fn 𝑧 ∧ ∀𝑤 ∈ 𝑧 (𝑔‘𝑤) = (𝐺‘(𝑔 ↾ 𝑤)))}
Theorem	rdgfun 8472	The recursive definition generator is a function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 16-Nov-2014.)
⊢ Fun rec(𝐹, 𝐴)
Theorem	rdgdmlim 8473	The domain of the recursive definition generator is a limit ordinal. (Contributed by NM, 16-Nov-2014.)
⊢ Lim dom rec(𝐹, 𝐴)
Theorem	rdgfnon 8474	The recursive definition generator is a function on ordinal numbers. (Contributed by NM, 9-Apr-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-May-2015.)
⊢ rec(𝐹, 𝐴) Fn On
Theorem	rdgvalg 8475*	Value of the recursive definition generator. (Contributed by NM, 9-Apr-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 8-Sep-2013.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ dom rec(𝐹, 𝐴) → (rec(𝐹, 𝐴)‘𝐵) = ((𝑔 ∈ V ↦ if(𝑔 = ∅, 𝐴, if(Lim dom 𝑔, ∪ ran 𝑔, (𝐹‘(𝑔‘∪ dom 𝑔)))))‘(rec(𝐹, 𝐴) ↾ 𝐵)))
Theorem	rdgval 8476*	Value of the recursive definition generator. (Contributed by NM, 9-Apr-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 8-Sep-2013.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ On → (rec(𝐹, 𝐴)‘𝐵) = ((𝑔 ∈ V ↦ if(𝑔 = ∅, 𝐴, if(Lim dom 𝑔, ∪ ran 𝑔, (𝐹‘(𝑔‘∪ dom 𝑔)))))‘(rec(𝐹, 𝐴) ↾ 𝐵)))
Theorem	rdg0 8477	The initial value of the recursive definition generator. (Contributed by NM, 23-Apr-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 14-Nov-2014.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ (rec(𝐹, 𝐴)‘∅) = 𝐴
Theorem	rdgseg 8478	The initial segments of the recursive definition generator are sets. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 16-Nov-2014.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ dom rec(𝐹, 𝐴) → (rec(𝐹, 𝐴) ↾ 𝐵) ∈ V)
Theorem	rdgsucg 8479	The value of the recursive definition generator at a successor. (Contributed by NM, 16-Nov-2014.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ dom rec(𝐹, 𝐴) → (rec(𝐹, 𝐴)‘suc 𝐵) = (𝐹‘(rec(𝐹, 𝐴)‘𝐵)))
Theorem	rdgsuc 8480	The value of the recursive definition generator at a successor. (Contributed by NM, 23-Apr-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 14-Nov-2014.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ On → (rec(𝐹, 𝐴)‘suc 𝐵) = (𝐹‘(rec(𝐹, 𝐴)‘𝐵)))
Theorem	rdglimg 8481	The value of the recursive definition generator at a limit ordinal. (Contributed by NM, 16-Nov-2014.)
⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ dom rec(𝐹, 𝐴) ∧ Lim 𝐵) → (rec(𝐹, 𝐴)‘𝐵) = ∪ (rec(𝐹, 𝐴) “ 𝐵))
Theorem	rdglim 8482	The value of the recursive definition generator at a limit ordinal. (Contributed by NM, 23-Apr-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 14-Nov-2014.)
⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ Lim 𝐵) → (rec(𝐹, 𝐴)‘𝐵) = ∪ (rec(𝐹, 𝐴) “ 𝐵))
Theorem	rdg0g 8483	The initial value of the recursive definition generator. (Contributed by NM, 25-Apr-1995.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 → (rec(𝐹, 𝐴)‘∅) = 𝐴)
Theorem	rdgsucmptf 8484	The value of the recursive definition generator at a successor (special case where the characteristic function uses the map operation). (Contributed by NM, 22-Oct-2003.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-Oct-2016.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐵    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐷    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = rec((𝑥 ∈ V ↦ 𝐶), 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝐹‘𝐵) → 𝐶 = 𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ On ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝐹‘suc 𝐵) = 𝐷)
Theorem	rdgsucmptnf 8485	The value of the recursive definition generator at a successor (special case where the characteristic function is an ordered-pair class abstraction and where the mapping class 𝐷 is a proper class). This is a technical lemma that can be used together with rdgsucmptf 8484 to help eliminate redundant sethood antecedents. (Contributed by NM, 22-Oct-2003.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-Oct-2016.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐵    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐷    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = rec((𝑥 ∈ V ↦ 𝐶), 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝐹‘𝐵) → 𝐶 = 𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (¬ 𝐷 ∈ V → (𝐹‘suc 𝐵) = ∅)
Theorem	rdgsucmpt2 8486*	This version of rdgsucmpt 8487 avoids the not-free hypothesis of rdgsucmptf 8484 by using two substitutions instead of one. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 11-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = rec((𝑥 ∈ V ↦ 𝐶), 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → 𝐸 = 𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝑦 = (𝐹‘𝐵) → 𝐸 = 𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ On ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝐹‘suc 𝐵) = 𝐷)
Theorem	rdgsucmpt 8487*	The value of the recursive definition generator at a successor (special case where the characteristic function uses the map operation). (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Sep-2013.)
⊢ 𝐹 = rec((𝑥 ∈ V ↦ 𝐶), 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝐹‘𝐵) → 𝐶 = 𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ On ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝐹‘suc 𝐵) = 𝐷)
Theorem	rdglim2 8488*	The value of the recursive definition generator at a limit ordinal, in terms of the union of all smaller values. (Contributed by NM, 23-Apr-1995.)
⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ Lim 𝐵) → (rec(𝐹, 𝐴)‘𝐵) = ∪ {𝑦 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝑦 = (rec(𝐹, 𝐴)‘𝑥)})
Theorem	rdglim2a 8489*	The value of the recursive definition generator at a limit ordinal, in terms of indexed union of all smaller values. (Contributed by NM, 28-Jun-1998.)
⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ Lim 𝐵) → (rec(𝐹, 𝐴)‘𝐵) = ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 (rec(𝐹, 𝐴)‘𝑥))
Theorem	rdg0n 8490	If 𝐴 is a proper class, then the recursive function generator at ∅ is the empty set. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 31-Oct-2024.)
⊢ (¬ 𝐴 ∈ V → (rec(𝐹, 𝐴)‘∅) = ∅)
2.4.22  Finite recursion
Theorem	frfnom 8491	The function generated by finite recursive definition generation is a function on omega. (Contributed by NM, 15-Oct-1996.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 14-Nov-2014.)
⊢ (rec(𝐹, 𝐴) ↾ ω) Fn ω
Theorem	fr0g 8492	The initial value resulting from finite recursive definition generation. (Contributed by NM, 15-Oct-1996.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐵 → ((rec(𝐹, 𝐴) ↾ ω)‘∅) = 𝐴)
Theorem	frsuc 8493	The successor value resulting from finite recursive definition generation. (Contributed by NM, 15-Oct-1996.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 16-Nov-2014.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ ω → ((rec(𝐹, 𝐴) ↾ ω)‘suc 𝐵) = (𝐹‘((rec(𝐹, 𝐴) ↾ ω)‘𝐵)))
Theorem	frsucmpt 8494	The successor value resulting from finite recursive definition generation (special case where the generation function is expressed in maps-to notation). (Contributed by NM, 14-Sep-2003.) (Revised by Scott Fenton, 2-Nov-2011.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐵    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐷    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (rec((𝑥 ∈ V ↦ 𝐶), 𝐴) ↾ ω)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝐹‘𝐵) → 𝐶 = 𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ ω ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝐹‘suc 𝐵) = 𝐷)
Theorem	frsucmptn 8495	The value of the finite recursive definition generator at a successor (special case where the characteristic function is a mapping abstraction and where the mapping class 𝐷 is a proper class). This is a technical lemma that can be used together with frsucmpt 8494 to help eliminate redundant sethood antecedents. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 19-Feb-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 11-Sep-2015.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐵    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐷    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (rec((𝑥 ∈ V ↦ 𝐶), 𝐴) ↾ ω)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝐹‘𝐵) → 𝐶 = 𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (¬ 𝐷 ∈ V → (𝐹‘suc 𝐵) = ∅)
Theorem	frsucmpt2 8496*	The successor value resulting from finite recursive definition generation (special case where the generation function is expressed in maps-to notation), using double-substitution instead of a bound variable condition. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 11-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (rec((𝑥 ∈ V ↦ 𝐶), 𝐴) ↾ ω)    &   ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → 𝐸 = 𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝑦 = (𝐹‘𝐵) → 𝐸 = 𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ ω ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝐹‘suc 𝐵) = 𝐷)
Theorem	tz7.48lem 8497*	A way of showing an ordinal function is one-to-one. (Contributed by NM, 9-Feb-1997.)
⊢ 𝐹 Fn On    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ⊆ On ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ¬ (𝐹‘𝑥) = (𝐹‘𝑦)) → Fun ◡(𝐹 ↾ 𝐴))
Theorem	tz7.48-2 8498*	Proposition 7.48(2) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 51. (Contributed by NM, 9-Feb-1997.) (Revised by David Abernethy, 5-May-2013.)
⊢ 𝐹 Fn On    ⇒   ⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ On (𝐹‘𝑥) ∈ (𝐴 ∖ (𝐹 “ 𝑥)) → Fun ◡𝐹)
Theorem	tz7.48-1 8499*	Proposition 7.48(1) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 51. (Contributed by NM, 9-Feb-1997.)
⊢ 𝐹 Fn On    ⇒   ⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ On (𝐹‘𝑥) ∈ (𝐴 ∖ (𝐹 “ 𝑥)) → ran 𝐹 ⊆ 𝐴)
Theorem	tz7.48-3 8500*	Proposition 7.48(3) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 51. (Contributed by NM, 9-Feb-1997.)
⊢ 𝐹 Fn On    ⇒   ⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ On (𝐹‘𝑥) ∈ (𝐴 ∖ (𝐹 “ 𝑥)) → ¬ 𝐴 ∈ V)