P. 159 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 15801-15900   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	climcj 15801*	Limit of the complex conjugate of a sequence. Proposition 12-2.4(c) of [Gleason] p. 172. (Contributed by NM, 7-Jun-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘𝑘) = (∗‘(𝐹‘𝑘)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ⇝ (∗‘𝐴))
Theorem	climre 15802*	Limit of the real part of a sequence. Proposition 12-2.4(c) of [Gleason] p. 172. (Contributed by NM, 7-Jun-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘𝑘) = (ℜ‘(𝐹‘𝑘)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ⇝ (ℜ‘𝐴))
Theorem	climim 15803*	Limit of the imaginary part of a sequence. Proposition 12-2.4(c) of [Gleason] p. 172. (Contributed by NM, 7-Jun-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘𝑘) = (ℑ‘(𝐹‘𝑘)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ⇝ (ℑ‘𝐴))
Theorem	rlimmptrcl 15804*	Reverse closure for a real limit. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-May-2016.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ⇝𝑟 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)
Theorem	rlimabs 15805*	Limit of the absolute value of a sequence. Proposition 12-2.4(c) of [Gleason] p. 172. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-May-2016.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ⇝𝑟 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (abs‘𝐵)) ⇝𝑟 (abs‘𝐶))
Theorem	rlimcj 15806*	Limit of the complex conjugate of a sequence. Proposition 12-2.4(c) of [Gleason] p. 172. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-May-2016.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ⇝𝑟 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (∗‘𝐵)) ⇝𝑟 (∗‘𝐶))
Theorem	rlimre 15807*	Limit of the real part of a sequence. Proposition 12-2.4(c) of [Gleason] p. 172. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-May-2016.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ⇝𝑟 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (ℜ‘𝐵)) ⇝𝑟 (ℜ‘𝐶))
Theorem	rlimim 15808*	Limit of the imaginary part of a sequence. Proposition 12-2.4(c) of [Gleason] p. 172. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-May-2016.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ⇝𝑟 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (ℑ‘𝐵)) ⇝𝑟 (ℑ‘𝐶))
Theorem	o1of2 15809*	Show that a binary operation preserves eventual boundedness. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Sep-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑚 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝑛 ∈ ℝ) → 𝑀 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝑥 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑦 ∈ ℂ) → (𝑥𝑅𝑦) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ (((𝑚 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝑛 ∈ ℝ) ∧ (𝑥 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑦 ∈ ℂ)) → (((abs‘𝑥) ≤ 𝑚 ∧ (abs‘𝑦) ≤ 𝑛) → (abs‘(𝑥𝑅𝑦)) ≤ 𝑀))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ 𝑂(1) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ 𝑂(1)) → (𝐹 ∘f 𝑅𝐺) ∈ 𝑂(1))
Theorem	o1add 15810	The sum of two eventually bounded functions is eventually bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Sep-2014.) (Proof shortened by Fan Zheng, 14-Jul-2016.)
⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ 𝑂(1) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ 𝑂(1)) → (𝐹 ∘f + 𝐺) ∈ 𝑂(1))
Theorem	o1mul 15811	The product of two eventually bounded functions is eventually bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Sep-2014.) (Proof shortened by Fan Zheng, 14-Jul-2016.)
⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ 𝑂(1) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ 𝑂(1)) → (𝐹 ∘f · 𝐺) ∈ 𝑂(1))
Theorem	o1sub 15812	The difference of two eventually bounded functions is eventually bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Sep-2014.) (Proof shortened by Fan Zheng, 14-Jul-2016.)
⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ 𝑂(1) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ 𝑂(1)) → (𝐹 ∘f − 𝐺) ∈ 𝑂(1))
Theorem	rlimo1 15813	Any function with a finite limit is eventually bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Sep-2014.)
⊢ (𝐹 ⇝𝑟 𝐴 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑂(1))
Theorem	rlimdmo1 15814	A convergent function is eventually bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝐹 ∈ dom ⇝𝑟 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑂(1))
Theorem	o1rlimmul 15815	The product of an eventually bounded function and a function of limit zero has limit zero. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Sep-2014.)
⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ 𝑂(1) ∧ 𝐺 ⇝𝑟 0) → (𝐹 ∘f · 𝐺) ⇝𝑟 0)
Theorem	o1const 15816*	A constant function is eventually bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Sep-2014.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 26-May-2016.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ⊆ ℝ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℂ) → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ∈ 𝑂(1))
Theorem	lo1const 15817*	A constant function is eventually upper bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-May-2016.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ⊆ ℝ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℝ) → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ∈ ≤𝑂(1))
Theorem	lo1mptrcl 15818*	Reverse closure for an eventually upper bounded function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-May-2016.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ∈ ≤𝑂(1))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)
Theorem	o1mptrcl 15819*	Reverse closure for an eventually bounded function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-May-2016.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ∈ 𝑂(1))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)
Theorem	o1add2 15820*	The sum of two eventually bounded functions is eventually bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-May-2016.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ∈ 𝑂(1))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐶) ∈ 𝑂(1))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (𝐵 + 𝐶)) ∈ 𝑂(1))
Theorem	o1mul2 15821*	The product of two eventually bounded functions is eventually bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-May-2016.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ∈ 𝑂(1))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐶) ∈ 𝑂(1))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (𝐵 · 𝐶)) ∈ 𝑂(1))
Theorem	o1sub2 15822*	The product of two eventually bounded functions is eventually bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Sep-2014.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ∈ 𝑂(1))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐶) ∈ 𝑂(1))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (𝐵 − 𝐶)) ∈ 𝑂(1))
Theorem	lo1add 15823*	The sum of two eventually upper bounded functions is eventually upper bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-May-2016.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ∈ ≤𝑂(1))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐶) ∈ ≤𝑂(1))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (𝐵 + 𝐶)) ∈ ≤𝑂(1))
Theorem	lo1mul 15824*	The product of an eventually upper bounded function and a positive eventually upper bounded function is eventually upper bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-May-2016.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ∈ ≤𝑂(1))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐶) ∈ ≤𝑂(1))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 0 ≤ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (𝐵 · 𝐶)) ∈ ≤𝑂(1))
Theorem	lo1mul2 15825*	The product of an eventually upper bounded function and a positive eventually upper bounded function is eventually upper bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-May-2016.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ∈ ≤𝑂(1))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐶) ∈ ≤𝑂(1))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 0 ≤ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (𝐶 · 𝐵)) ∈ ≤𝑂(1))
Theorem	o1dif 15826*	If the difference of two functions is eventually bounded, eventual boundedness of either one implies the other. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-May-2016.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (𝐵 − 𝐶)) ∈ 𝑂(1))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ∈ 𝑂(1) ↔ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐶) ∈ 𝑂(1)))
Theorem	lo1sub 15827*	The difference of an eventually upper bounded function and an eventually bounded function is eventually upper bounded. The "correct" sharp result here takes the second function to be eventually lower bounded instead of just bounded, but our notation for this is simply (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ -𝐶) ∈ ≤𝑂(1), so it is just a special case of lo1add 15823. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 31-May-2016.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ∈ ≤𝑂(1))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐶) ∈ 𝑂(1))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (𝐵 − 𝐶)) ∈ ≤𝑂(1))
Theorem	climadd 15828*	Limit of the sum of two converging sequences. Proposition 12-2.1(a) of [Gleason] p. 168. (Contributed by NM, 24-Sep-2005.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 31-Jan-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ⇝ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐻‘𝑘) = ((𝐹‘𝑘) + (𝐺‘𝑘)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ⇝ (𝐴 + 𝐵))
Theorem	climmul 15829*	Limit of the product of two converging sequences. Proposition 12-2.1(c) of [Gleason] p. 168. (Contributed by NM, 27-Dec-2005.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 1-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ⇝ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐻‘𝑘) = ((𝐹‘𝑘) · (𝐺‘𝑘)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ⇝ (𝐴 · 𝐵))
Theorem	climsub 15830*	Limit of the difference of two converging sequences. Proposition 12-2.1(b) of [Gleason] p. 168. (Contributed by NM, 4-Aug-2007.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 1-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ⇝ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐻‘𝑘) = ((𝐹‘𝑘) − (𝐺‘𝑘)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ⇝ (𝐴 − 𝐵))
Theorem	climaddc1 15831*	Limit of a constant 𝐶 added to each term of a sequence. (Contributed by NM, 24-Sep-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘𝑘) = ((𝐹‘𝑘) + 𝐶))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ⇝ (𝐴 + 𝐶))
Theorem	climaddc2 15832*	Limit of a constant 𝐶 added to each term of a sequence. (Contributed by NM, 24-Sep-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘𝑘) = (𝐶 + (𝐹‘𝑘)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ⇝ (𝐶 + 𝐴))
Theorem	climmulc2 15833*	Limit of a sequence multiplied by a constant 𝐶. Corollary 12-2.2 of [Gleason] p. 171. (Contributed by NM, 24-Sep-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘𝑘) = (𝐶 · (𝐹‘𝑘)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ⇝ (𝐶 · 𝐴))
Theorem	climsubc1 15834*	Limit of a constant 𝐶 subtracted from each term of a sequence. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘𝑘) = ((𝐹‘𝑘) − 𝐶))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ⇝ (𝐴 − 𝐶))
Theorem	climsubc2 15835*	Limit of a constant 𝐶 minus each term of a sequence. (Contributed by NM, 24-Sep-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘𝑘) = (𝐶 − (𝐹‘𝑘)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ⇝ (𝐶 − 𝐴))
Theorem	climle 15836*	Comparison of the limits of two sequences. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 10-Sep-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 1-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ⇝ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘𝑘) ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ≤ (𝐺‘𝑘))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≤ 𝐵)
Theorem	climsqz 15837*	Convergence of a sequence sandwiched between another converging sequence and its limit. (Contributed by NM, 6-Feb-2008.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘𝑘) ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ≤ (𝐺‘𝑘))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘𝑘) ≤ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ⇝ 𝐴)
Theorem	climsqz2 15838*	Convergence of a sequence sandwiched between another converging sequence and its limit. (Contributed by NM, 14-Feb-2008.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘𝑘) ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘𝑘) ≤ (𝐹‘𝑘))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → 𝐴 ≤ (𝐺‘𝑘))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ⇝ 𝐴)
Theorem	rlimadd 15839*	Limit of the sum of two converging functions. Proposition 12-2.1(a) of [Gleason] p. 168. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 22-Sep-2014.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ⇝𝑟 𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐶) ⇝𝑟 𝐸)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (𝐵 + 𝐶)) ⇝𝑟 (𝐷 + 𝐸))
Theorem	rlimsub 15840*	Limit of the difference of two converging functions. Proposition 12-2.1(b) of [Gleason] p. 168. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 22-Sep-2014.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ⇝𝑟 𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐶) ⇝𝑟 𝐸)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (𝐵 − 𝐶)) ⇝𝑟 (𝐷 − 𝐸))
Theorem	rlimmul 15841*	Limit of the product of two converging functions. Proposition 12-2.1(c) of [Gleason] p. 168. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 22-Sep-2014.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ⇝𝑟 𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐶) ⇝𝑟 𝐸)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (𝐵 · 𝐶)) ⇝𝑟 (𝐷 · 𝐸))
Theorem	rlimdiv 15842*	Limit of the quotient of two converging functions. Proposition 12-2.1(a) of [Gleason] p. 168. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 22-Sep-2014.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ⇝𝑟 𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐶) ⇝𝑟 𝐸)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐸 ≠ 0)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ≠ 0)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (𝐵 / 𝐶)) ⇝𝑟 (𝐷 / 𝐸))
Theorem	rlimneg 15843*	Limit of the negative of a sequence. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-May-2016.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ⇝𝑟 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ -𝐵) ⇝𝑟 -𝐶)
Theorem	rlimle 15844*	Comparison of the limits of two sequences. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → sup(𝐴, ℝ*, < ) = +∞)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ⇝𝑟 𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐶) ⇝𝑟 𝐸)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ≤ 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ≤ 𝐸)
Theorem	rlimsqzlem 15845*	Lemma for rlimsqz 15846 and rlimsqz2 15847. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Sep-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 20-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐸 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ⇝𝑟 𝐷)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑀 ≤ 𝑥)) → (abs‘(𝐶 − 𝐸)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐵 − 𝐷)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐶) ⇝𝑟 𝐸)
Theorem	rlimsqz 15846*	Convergence of a sequence sandwiched between another converging sequence and its limit. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Sep-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 20-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ⇝𝑟 𝐷)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑀 ≤ 𝑥)) → 𝐵 ≤ 𝐶)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑀 ≤ 𝑥)) → 𝐶 ≤ 𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐶) ⇝𝑟 𝐷)
Theorem	rlimsqz2 15847*	Convergence of a sequence sandwiched between another converging sequence and its limit. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 3-Feb-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 20-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ⇝𝑟 𝐷)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑀 ≤ 𝑥)) → 𝐶 ≤ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑀 ≤ 𝑥)) → 𝐷 ≤ 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐶) ⇝𝑟 𝐷)
Theorem	lo1le 15848*	Transfer eventual upper boundedness from a larger function to a smaller function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ∈ ≤𝑂(1))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑀 ≤ 𝑥)) → 𝐶 ≤ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐶) ∈ ≤𝑂(1))
Theorem	o1le 15849*	Transfer eventual boundedness from a larger function to a smaller function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 25-Sep-2014.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 26-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ∈ 𝑂(1))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑀 ≤ 𝑥)) → (abs‘𝐶) ≤ (abs‘𝐵))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐶) ∈ 𝑂(1))
Theorem	rlimno1 15850*	A function whose inverse converges to zero is unbounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 30-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → sup(𝐴, ℝ*, < ) = +∞)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (1 / 𝐵)) ⇝𝑟 0)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ≠ 0)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵) ∈ 𝑂(1))
Theorem	clim2ser 15851*	The limit of an infinite series with an initial segment removed. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 9-Feb-2008.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 1-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ 𝑍)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → seq(𝑁 + 1)( + , 𝐹) ⇝ (𝐴 − (seq𝑀( + , 𝐹)‘𝑁)))
Theorem	clim2ser2 15852*	The limit of an infinite series with an initial segment added. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 9-Feb-2008.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 1-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ 𝑍)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → seq(𝑁 + 1)( + , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ⇝ (𝐴 + (seq𝑀( + , 𝐹)‘𝑁)))
Theorem	iserex 15853*	An infinite series converges, if and only if the series does with initial terms removed. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 9-Feb-2008.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 27-Apr-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ 𝑍)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ∈ dom ⇝ ↔ seq𝑁( + , 𝐹) ∈ dom ⇝ ))
Theorem	isermulc2 15854*	Multiplication of an infinite series by a constant. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 14-Nov-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 1-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘𝑘) = (𝐶 · (𝐹‘𝑘)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐺) ⇝ (𝐶 · 𝐴))
Theorem	climlec2 15855*	Comparison of a constant to the limit of a sequence. (Contributed by NM, 28-Feb-2008.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 1-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → 𝐴 ≤ (𝐹‘𝑘))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≤ 𝐵)
Theorem	iserle 15856*	Comparison of the limits of two infinite series. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 12-Nov-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐺) ⇝ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘𝑘) ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ≤ (𝐺‘𝑘))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≤ 𝐵)
Theorem	iserge0 15857*	The limit of an infinite series of nonnegative reals is nonnegative. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 9-Feb-2008.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → 0 ≤ (𝐹‘𝑘))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 ≤ 𝐴)
Theorem	climub 15858*	The limit of a monotonic sequence is an upper bound. (Contributed by NM, 18-Mar-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 10-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ 𝑍)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ≤ (𝐹‘(𝑘 + 1)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹‘𝑁) ≤ 𝐴)
Theorem	climserle 15859*	The partial sums of a converging infinite series with nonnegative terms are bounded by its limit. (Contributed by NM, 27-Dec-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ 𝑍)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → 0 ≤ (𝐹‘𝑘))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (seq𝑀( + , 𝐹)‘𝑁) ≤ 𝐴)
Theorem	isershft 15860	Index shift of the limit of an infinite series. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 6-Sep-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 5-Nov-2013.)
⊢ 𝐹 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) → (seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝐴 ↔ seq(𝑀 + 𝑁)( + , (𝐹 shift 𝑁)) ⇝ 𝐴))
Theorem	isercolllem1 15861*	Lemma for isercoll 15864. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 6-Apr-2015.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:ℕ⟶𝑍)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐺‘𝑘) < (𝐺‘(𝑘 + 1)))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑆 ⊆ ℕ) → (𝐺 ↾ 𝑆) Isom < , < (𝑆, (𝐺 “ 𝑆)))
Theorem	isercolllem2 15862*	Lemma for isercoll 15864. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 6-Apr-2015.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:ℕ⟶𝑍)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐺‘𝑘) < (𝐺‘(𝑘 + 1)))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘(𝐺‘1))) → (1...(♯‘(𝐺 “ (◡𝐺 “ (𝑀...𝑁))))) = (◡𝐺 “ (𝑀...𝑁)))
Theorem	isercolllem3 15863*	Lemma for isercoll 15864. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 6-Apr-2015.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:ℕ⟶𝑍)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐺‘𝑘) < (𝐺‘(𝑘 + 1)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑛 ∈ (𝑍 ∖ ran 𝐺)) → (𝐹‘𝑛) = 0)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑛) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐻‘𝑘) = (𝐹‘(𝐺‘𝑘)))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘(𝐺‘1))) → (seq𝑀( + , 𝐹)‘𝑁) = (seq1( + , 𝐻)‘(♯‘(𝐺 “ (◡𝐺 “ (𝑀...𝑁))))))
Theorem	isercoll 15864*	Rearrange an infinite series by spacing out the terms using an order isomorphism. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 6-Apr-2015.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:ℕ⟶𝑍)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐺‘𝑘) < (𝐺‘(𝑘 + 1)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑛 ∈ (𝑍 ∖ ran 𝐺)) → (𝐹‘𝑛) = 0)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑛) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐻‘𝑘) = (𝐹‘(𝐺‘𝑘)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (seq1( + , 𝐻) ⇝ 𝐴 ↔ seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝐴))
Theorem	isercoll2 15865*	Generalize isercoll 15864 so that both sequences have arbitrary starting point. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 6-Apr-2015.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (ℤ≥‘𝑁)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:𝑍⟶𝑊)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘𝑘) < (𝐺‘(𝑘 + 1)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑛 ∈ (𝑊 ∖ ran 𝐺)) → (𝐹‘𝑛) = 0)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑛 ∈ 𝑊) → (𝐹‘𝑛) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐻‘𝑘) = (𝐹‘(𝐺‘𝑘)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (seq𝑀( + , 𝐻) ⇝ 𝐴 ↔ seq𝑁( + , 𝐹) ⇝ 𝐴))
Theorem	climsup 15866*	A bounded monotonic sequence converges to the supremum of its range. Theorem 12-5.1 of [Gleason] p. 180. (Contributed by NM, 13-Mar-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 10-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑍⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ≤ (𝐹‘(𝑘 + 1)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑘 ∈ 𝑍 (𝐹‘𝑘) ≤ 𝑥)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ sup(ran 𝐹, ℝ, < ))
Theorem	climcau 15867*	A converging sequence of complex numbers is a Cauchy sequence. Theorem 12-5.3 of [Gleason] p. 180 (necessity part). (Contributed by NM, 16-Apr-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Apr-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐹 ∈ dom ⇝ ) → ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ∃𝑗 ∈ 𝑍 ∀𝑘 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑗)(abs‘((𝐹‘𝑘) − (𝐹‘𝑗))) < 𝑥)
Theorem	climbdd 15868*	A converging sequence of complex numbers is bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2017.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐹 ∈ dom ⇝ ∧ ∀𝑘 ∈ 𝑍 (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ) → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑘 ∈ 𝑍 (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑘)) ≤ 𝑥)
Theorem	caucvgrlem 15869*	Lemma for caurcvgr 15870. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Feb-2014.) (Revised by AV, 12-Sep-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐴⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → sup(𝐴, ℝ*, < ) = +∞)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ∃𝑗 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑗 ≤ 𝑘 → (abs‘((𝐹‘𝑘) − (𝐹‘𝑗))) < 𝑥))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ ℝ+)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑗 ∈ 𝐴 ((lim sup‘𝐹) ∈ ℝ ∧ ∀𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑗 ≤ 𝑘 → (abs‘((𝐹‘𝑘) − (lim sup‘𝐹))) < (3 · 𝑅))))
Theorem	caurcvgr 15870*	A Cauchy sequence of real numbers converges to its limit supremum. The third hypothesis specifies that 𝐹 is a Cauchy sequence. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 7-May-2016.) (Revised by AV, 12-Sep-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐴⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → sup(𝐴, ℝ*, < ) = +∞)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ∃𝑗 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑗 ≤ 𝑘 → (abs‘((𝐹‘𝑘) − (𝐹‘𝑗))) < 𝑥))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝𝑟 (lim sup‘𝐹))
Theorem	caucvgrlem2 15871*	Lemma for caucvgr 15872. (Contributed by NM, 4-Apr-2005.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 8-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐴⟶ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → sup(𝐴, ℝ*, < ) = +∞)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ∃𝑗 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑗 ≤ 𝑘 → (abs‘((𝐹‘𝑘) − (𝐹‘𝑗))) < 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻:ℂ⟶ℝ    &   ⊢ (((𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑗) ∈ ℂ) → (abs‘((𝐻‘(𝐹‘𝑘)) − (𝐻‘(𝐹‘𝑗)))) ≤ (abs‘((𝐹‘𝑘) − (𝐹‘𝑗))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑛 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (𝐻‘(𝐹‘𝑛))) ⇝𝑟 ( ⇝𝑟 ‘(𝐻 ∘ 𝐹)))
Theorem	caucvgr 15872*	A Cauchy sequence of complex numbers converges to a complex number. Theorem 12-5.3 of [Gleason] p. 180 (sufficiency part). (Contributed by NM, 20-Dec-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 8-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐴⟶ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → sup(𝐴, ℝ*, < ) = +∞)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ∃𝑗 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑗 ≤ 𝑘 → (abs‘((𝐹‘𝑘) − (𝐹‘𝑗))) < 𝑥))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ dom ⇝𝑟 )
Theorem	caurcvg 15873*	A Cauchy sequence of real numbers converges to its limit supremum. The fourth hypothesis specifies that 𝐹 is a Cauchy sequence. (Contributed by NM, 4-Apr-2005.) (Revised by AV, 12-Sep-2020.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑍⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ∃𝑚 ∈ 𝑍 ∀𝑘 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑚)(abs‘((𝐹‘𝑘) − (𝐹‘𝑚))) < 𝑥)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ (lim sup‘𝐹))
Theorem	caurcvg2 15874*	A Cauchy sequence of real numbers converges, existence version. (Contributed by NM, 4-Apr-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 7-Sep-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ∃𝑗 ∈ 𝑍 ∀𝑘 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑗)((𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℝ ∧ (abs‘((𝐹‘𝑘) − (𝐹‘𝑗))) < 𝑥))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ dom ⇝ )
Theorem	caucvg 15875*	A Cauchy sequence of complex numbers converges to a complex number. Theorem 12-5.3 of [Gleason] p. 180 (sufficiency part). (Contributed by NM, 20-Dec-2006.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 15-Feb-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 8-May-2016.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ∃𝑗 ∈ 𝑍 ∀𝑘 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑗)(abs‘((𝐹‘𝑘) − (𝐹‘𝑗))) < 𝑥)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ dom ⇝ )
Theorem	caucvgb 15876*	A function is convergent if and only if it is Cauchy. Theorem 12-5.3 of [Gleason] p. 180. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝐹 ∈ dom ⇝ ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ∃𝑗 ∈ 𝑍 ∀𝑘 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑗)((𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ ∧ (abs‘((𝐹‘𝑘) − (𝐹‘𝑗))) < 𝑥)))
Theorem	serf0 15877*	If an infinite series converges, its underlying sequence converges to zero. (Contributed by NM, 2-Sep-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 16-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ∈ dom ⇝ )    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ ℂ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⇝ 0)
Theorem	iseraltlem1 15878*	Lemma for iseralt 15881. A decreasing sequence with limit zero consists of positive terms. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 6-Apr-2015.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:𝑍⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘(𝑘 + 1)) ≤ (𝐺‘𝑘))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ⇝ 0)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ 𝑍) → 0 ≤ (𝐺‘𝑁))
Theorem	iseraltlem2 15879*	Lemma for iseralt 15881. The terms of an alternating series form a chain of inequalities in alternate terms, so that for example 𝑆(1) ≤ 𝑆(3) ≤ 𝑆(5) ≤ ... and ... ≤ 𝑆(4) ≤ 𝑆(2) ≤ 𝑆(0) (assuming 𝑀 = 0 so that these terms are defined). (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 6-Apr-2015.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:𝑍⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘(𝑘 + 1)) ≤ (𝐺‘𝑘))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ⇝ 0)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) = (( -1↑𝑘) · (𝐺‘𝑘)))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ 𝑍 ∧ 𝐾 ∈ ℕ0) → (( -1↑𝑁) · (seq𝑀( + , 𝐹)‘(𝑁 + (2 · 𝐾)))) ≤ (( -1↑𝑁) · (seq𝑀( + , 𝐹)‘𝑁)))
Theorem	iseraltlem3 15880*	Lemma for iseralt 15881. From iseraltlem2 15879, we have ( -1↑𝑛) · 𝑆(𝑛 + 2𝑘) ≤ ( -1↑𝑛) · 𝑆(𝑛) and ( -1↑𝑛) · 𝑆(𝑛 + 1) ≤ ( -1↑𝑛) · 𝑆(𝑛 + 2𝑘 + 1), and we also have ( -1↑𝑛) · 𝑆(𝑛 + 1) = ( -1↑𝑛) · 𝑆(𝑛) − 𝐺(𝑛 + 1) for each 𝑛 by the definition of the partial sum 𝑆, so combining the inequalities we get ( -1↑𝑛) · 𝑆(𝑛) − 𝐺(𝑛 + 1) = ( -1↑𝑛) · 𝑆(𝑛 + 1) ≤ ( -1↑𝑛) · 𝑆(𝑛 + 2𝑘 + 1) = ( -1↑𝑛) · 𝑆(𝑛 + 2𝑘) − 𝐺(𝑛 + 2𝑘 + 1) ≤ ( -1↑𝑛) · 𝑆(𝑛 + 2𝑘) ≤ ( -1↑𝑛) · 𝑆(𝑛) ≤ ( -1↑𝑛) · 𝑆(𝑛) + 𝐺(𝑛 + 1), so ∣ ( -1↑𝑛) · 𝑆(𝑛 + 2𝑘 + 1) − ( -1↑𝑛) · 𝑆(𝑛) ∣ = ∣ 𝑆(𝑛 + 2𝑘 + 1) − 𝑆(𝑛) ∣ ≤ 𝐺(𝑛 + 1) and ∣ ( -1↑𝑛) · 𝑆(𝑛 + 2𝑘) − ( -1↑𝑛) · 𝑆(𝑛) ∣ = ∣ 𝑆(𝑛 + 2𝑘) − 𝑆(𝑛) ∣ ≤ 𝐺(𝑛 + 1). Thus, both even and odd partial sums are Cauchy if 𝐺 converges to 0. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 6-Apr-2015.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:𝑍⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘(𝑘 + 1)) ≤ (𝐺‘𝑘))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ⇝ 0)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) = (( -1↑𝑘) · (𝐺‘𝑘)))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ 𝑍 ∧ 𝐾 ∈ ℕ0) → ((abs‘((seq𝑀( + , 𝐹)‘(𝑁 + (2 · 𝐾))) − (seq𝑀( + , 𝐹)‘𝑁))) ≤ (𝐺‘(𝑁 + 1)) ∧ (abs‘((seq𝑀( + , 𝐹)‘((𝑁 + (2 · 𝐾)) + 1)) − (seq𝑀( + , 𝐹)‘𝑁))) ≤ (𝐺‘(𝑁 + 1))))
Theorem	iseralt 15881*	The alternating series test. If 𝐺(𝑘) is a decreasing sequence that converges to 0, then Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝑍( -1↑𝑘) · 𝐺(𝑘) is a convergent series. (Note that the first term is positive if 𝑀 is even, and negative if 𝑀 is odd. If the parity of your series does not match up with this, you will need to post-compose the series with multiplication by -1 using isermulc2 15854.) (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 7-Apr-2015.) (Proof shortened by AV, 9-Jul-2022.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:𝑍⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘(𝑘 + 1)) ≤ (𝐺‘𝑘))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ⇝ 0)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) = (( -1↑𝑘) · (𝐺‘𝑘)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → seq𝑀( + , 𝐹) ∈ dom ⇝ )
5.10.3  Finite and infinite sums
Syntax	csu 15882	Extend class notation to include finite and infinite summations. (An underscore was added to the ASCII token in order to facilitate set.mm text searches, since "sum" is a commonly used word in comments.)
class Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵
Definition	df-sum 15883*	Define the sum of a series with an index set of integers 𝐴. The variable 𝑘 is normally a free variable in 𝐵, i.e., 𝐵 can be thought of as 𝐵(𝑘). This definition is the result of a collection of discussions over the most general definition for a sum that does not need the index set to have a specified ordering. This definition is in two parts, one for finite sums and one for subsets of the upper integers. When summing over a subset of the upper integers, we extend the index set to the upper integers by adding zero outside the domain, and then sum the set in order, setting the result to the limit of the partial sums, if it exists. This means that conditionally convergent sums can be evaluated meaningfully. For finite sums, we are explicitly order-independent, by picking any bijection to a 1-based finite sequence and summing in the induced order. These two methods of summation produce the same result on their common region of definition (i.e., finite sets of integers) by summo 15912. Examples: Σ𝑘 ∈ {1, 2, 4}𝑘 means 1 + 2 + 4 = 7, and Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ(1 / (2↑𝑘)) = 1 means 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + ... = 1 (geoihalfsum 16080). (Contributed by NM, 11-Dec-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 13-Jun-2019.)
⊢ Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 = (℩𝑥(∃𝑚 ∈ ℤ (𝐴 ⊆ (ℤ≥‘𝑚) ∧ seq𝑚( + , (𝑛 ∈ ℤ ↦ if(𝑛 ∈ 𝐴, ⦋𝑛 / 𝑘⦌𝐵, 0))) ⇝ 𝑥) ∨ ∃𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∃𝑓(𝑓:(1...𝑚)⟶1-1onto𝐴 ∧ 𝑥 = (seq1( + , (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ ⦋(𝑓‘𝑛) / 𝑘⦌𝐵))‘𝑚))))
Theorem	sumex 15884	A sum is a set. (Contributed by NM, 11-Dec-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 13-Jun-2019.)
⊢ Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 ∈ V
Theorem	sumeq1 15885	Equality theorem for a sum. (Contributed by NM, 11-Dec-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 13-Jun-2019.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐶 = Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐵 𝐶)
Theorem	nfsum1 15886	Bound-variable hypothesis builder for sum. (Contributed by NM, 11-Dec-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 13-Jun-2019.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑘𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑘Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵
Theorem	nfsum 15887*	Bound-variable hypothesis builder for sum: if 𝑥 is (effectively) not free in 𝐴 and 𝐵, it is not free in Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴𝐵. Version of nfsum 15887 with a disjoint variable condition, which does not require ax-13 2404. (Contributed by NM, 11-Dec-2005.) (Revised by GG, 24-Feb-2024.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵
Theorem	sumeq2w 15888	Equality theorem for sum, when the class expressions 𝐵 and 𝐶 are equal everywhere. Proved using only Extensionality. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Jun-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 13-Jun-2019.)
⊢ (∀𝑘 𝐵 = 𝐶 → Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 = Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐶)
Theorem	sumeq2ii 15889*	Equality theorem for sum, with the class expressions 𝐵 and 𝐶 guarded by I to be always sets. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Jun-2019.)
⊢ (∀𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 ( I ‘𝐵) = ( I ‘𝐶) → Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 = Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐶)
Theorem	sumeq2 15890*	Equality theorem for sum. (Contributed by NM, 11-Dec-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 13-Jul-2013.)
⊢ (∀𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 = 𝐶 → Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 = Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐶)
Theorem	cbvsum 15891*	Change bound variable in a sum. (Contributed by NM, 11-Dec-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 13-Jun-2019.)
⊢ (𝑗 = 𝑘 → 𝐵 = 𝐶)    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑘𝐵    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑗𝐶    ⇒   ⊢ Σ𝑗 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 = Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐶
Theorem	cbvsumv 15892*	Change bound variable in a sum. (Contributed by NM, 11-Dec-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 13-Jul-2013.)
⊢ (𝑗 = 𝑘 → 𝐵 = 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ Σ𝑗 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 = Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐶
Theorem	sumeq1i 15893	Equality inference for sum. (Contributed by NM, 2-Jan-2006.)
⊢ 𝐴 = 𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐶 = Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐵 𝐶
Theorem	sumeq2i 15894*	Equality inference for sum. (Contributed by NM, 3-Dec-2005.)
⊢ (𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 → 𝐵 = 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 = Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐶
Theorem	sumeq12i 15895*	Equality inference for sum. (Contributed by FL, 10-Dec-2006.)
⊢ 𝐴 = 𝐵    &   ⊢ (𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 → 𝐶 = 𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐶 = Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐵 𝐷
Theorem	sumeq1d 15896	Equality deduction for sum. (Contributed by NM, 1-Nov-2005.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐶 = Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐵 𝐶)
Theorem	sumeq2d 15897*	Equality deduction for sum. Note that unlike sumeq2dv 15898, 𝑘 may occur in 𝜑. (Contributed by NM, 1-Nov-2005.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 = 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 = Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐶)
Theorem	sumeq2dv 15898*	Equality deduction for sum. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 31-Jan-2014.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 = 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 = Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐶)
Theorem	sumeq2sdv 15899*	Equality deduction for sum. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-2006.) (Proof shortened by Glauco Siliprandi, 5-Apr-2020.) Avoid axioms. (Revised by GG, 14-Aug-2025.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 = 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 = Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐶)
Theorem	2sumeq2dv 15900*	Equality deduction for double sum. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 31-Jan-2014.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑗 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝐵) → 𝐶 = 𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → Σ𝑗 ∈ 𝐴 Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐵 𝐶 = Σ𝑗 ∈ 𝐴 Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐵 𝐷)