P. 343 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 34201-34300   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	eulerpartlem1 34201*	Lemma for eulerpart 34216. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 27-Aug-2017.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 1-Sep-2019.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑀:𝐻–1-1-onto→(𝒫 (𝐽 × ℕ0) ∩ Fin)
Theorem	eulerpartlemb 34202*	Lemma for eulerpart 34216. The set of all partitions of 𝑁 is finite. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑃 ∈ Fin
Theorem	eulerpartlemt0 34203*	Lemma for eulerpart 34216. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 19-Sep-2017.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↔ (𝐴 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∧ (◡𝐴 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ (◡𝐴 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽))
Theorem	eulerpartlemf 34204*	Lemma for eulerpart 34216: Odd partitions are zero for even numbers. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 9-Sep-2017.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ (ℕ ∖ 𝐽)) → (𝐴‘𝑡) = 0)
Theorem	eulerpartlemt 34205*	Lemma for eulerpart 34216. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 19-Sep-2017.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    ⇒   ⊢ ((ℕ0 ↑m 𝐽) ∩ 𝑅) = ran (𝑚 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↦ (𝑚 ↾ 𝐽))
Theorem	eulerpartgbij 34206*	Lemma for eulerpart 34216: The 𝐺 function is a bijection. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 27-Aug-2017.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 1-Sep-2019.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑜 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↦ ((𝟭‘ℕ)‘(𝐹 “ (𝑀‘(bits ∘ (𝑜 ↾ 𝐽))))))    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐺:(𝑇 ∩ 𝑅)–1-1-onto→(({0, 1} ↑m ℕ) ∩ 𝑅)
Theorem	eulerpartlemgv 34207*	Lemma for eulerpart 34216: value of the function 𝐺. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 13-Nov-2017.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑜 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↦ ((𝟭‘ℕ)‘(𝐹 “ (𝑀‘(bits ∘ (𝑜 ↾ 𝐽))))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) → (𝐺‘𝐴) = ((𝟭‘ℕ)‘(𝐹 “ (𝑀‘(bits ∘ (𝐴 ↾ 𝐽))))))
Theorem	eulerpartlemr 34208*	Lemma for eulerpart 34216. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 13-Nov-2017.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑜 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↦ ((𝟭‘ℕ)‘(𝐹 “ (𝑀‘(bits ∘ (𝑜 ↾ 𝐽))))))    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑂 = ((𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ∩ 𝑃)
Theorem	eulerpartlemmf 34209*	Lemma for eulerpart 34216. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 30-Aug-2018.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 1-Sep-2019.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑜 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↦ ((𝟭‘ℕ)‘(𝐹 “ (𝑀‘(bits ∘ (𝑜 ↾ 𝐽))))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) → (bits ∘ (𝐴 ↾ 𝐽)) ∈ 𝐻)
Theorem	eulerpartlemgvv 34210*	Lemma for eulerpart 34216: value of the function 𝐺 evaluated. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 10-Aug-2018.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑜 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↦ ((𝟭‘ℕ)‘(𝐹 “ (𝑀‘(bits ∘ (𝑜 ↾ 𝐽))))))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝐺‘𝐴)‘𝐵) = if(∃𝑡 ∈ ℕ ∃𝑛 ∈ (bits‘(𝐴‘𝑡))((2↑𝑛) · 𝑡) = 𝐵, 1, 0))
Theorem	eulerpartlemgu 34211*	Lemma for eulerpart 34216: Rewriting the 𝑈 set for an odd partition Note that interestingly, this proof reuses marypha2lem2 9479. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 10-Aug-2018.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑜 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↦ ((𝟭‘ℕ)‘(𝐹 “ (𝑀‘(bits ∘ (𝑜 ↾ 𝐽))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = ∪ 𝑡 ∈ ((◡𝐴 “ ℕ) ∩ 𝐽)({𝑡} × (bits‘(𝐴‘𝑡)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) → 𝑈 = {⟨𝑡, 𝑛⟩ ∣ (𝑡 ∈ ((◡𝐴 “ ℕ) ∩ 𝐽) ∧ 𝑛 ∈ ((bits ∘ 𝐴)‘𝑡))})
Theorem	eulerpartlemgh 34212*	Lemma for eulerpart 34216: The 𝐹 function is a bijection on the 𝑈 subsets. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 15-Aug-2018.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑜 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↦ ((𝟭‘ℕ)‘(𝐹 “ (𝑀‘(bits ∘ (𝑜 ↾ 𝐽))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = ∪ 𝑡 ∈ ((◡𝐴 “ ℕ) ∩ 𝐽)({𝑡} × (bits‘(𝐴‘𝑡)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) → (𝐹 ↾ 𝑈):𝑈–1-1-onto→{𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∣ ∃𝑡 ∈ ℕ ∃𝑛 ∈ (bits‘(𝐴‘𝑡))((2↑𝑛) · 𝑡) = 𝑚})
Theorem	eulerpartlemgf 34213*	Lemma for eulerpart 34216: Images under 𝐺 have finite support. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 29-Aug-2018.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑜 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↦ ((𝟭‘ℕ)‘(𝐹 “ (𝑀‘(bits ∘ (𝑜 ↾ 𝐽))))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) → (◡(𝐺‘𝐴) “ ℕ) ∈ Fin)
Theorem	eulerpartlemgs2 34214*	Lemma for eulerpart 34216: The 𝐺 function also preserves partition sums. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 10-Sep-2017.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑜 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↦ ((𝟭‘ℕ)‘(𝐹 “ (𝑀‘(bits ∘ (𝑜 ↾ 𝐽))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑓 ∈ ((ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∩ 𝑅) ↦ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) → (𝑆‘(𝐺‘𝐴)) = (𝑆‘𝐴))
Theorem	eulerpartlemn 34215*	Lemma for eulerpart 34216. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 30-Aug-2018.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑜 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↦ ((𝟭‘ℕ)‘(𝐹 “ (𝑀‘(bits ∘ (𝑜 ↾ 𝐽))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑓 ∈ ((ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∩ 𝑅) ↦ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐺 ↾ 𝑂):𝑂–1-1-onto→𝐷
Theorem	eulerpart 34216*	Euler's theorem on partitions, also known as a special case of Glaisher's theorem. Let 𝑃 be the set of all partitions of 𝑁, represented as multisets of positive integers, which is to say functions from ℕ to ℕ0 where the value of the function represents the number of repetitions of an individual element, and the sum of all the elements with repetition equals 𝑁. Then the set 𝑂 of all partitions that only consist of odd numbers and the set 𝐷 of all partitions which have no repeated elements have the same cardinality. This is Metamath 100 proof #45. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 14-Aug-2018.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 1-Sep-2019.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    ⇒   ⊢ (♯‘𝑂) = (♯‘𝐷)
21.3.21  Sequences defined by strong recursion
Syntax	csseq 34217	Sequences defined by strong recursion.
class seqstr
Definition	df-sseq 34218*	Define a builder for sequences by strong recursion, i.e., by computing the value of the n-th element of the sequence from all preceding elements and not just the previous one. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Apr-2019.)
⊢ seqstr = (𝑚 ∈ V, 𝑓 ∈ V ↦ (𝑚 ∪ (lastS ∘ seq(♯‘𝑚)((𝑥 ∈ V, 𝑦 ∈ V ↦ (𝑥 ++ ⟨“(𝑓‘𝑥)”⟩)), (ℕ0 × {(𝑚 ++ ⟨“(𝑓‘𝑚)”⟩)})))))
Theorem	subiwrd 34219	Lemma for sseqp1 34229. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℕ0⟶𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 ↾ (0..^𝑁)) ∈ Word 𝑆)
Theorem	subiwrdlen 34220	Length of a subword of an infinite word. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℕ0⟶𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (♯‘(𝐹 ↾ (0..^𝑁))) = 𝑁)
Theorem	iwrdsplit 34221	Lemma for sseqp1 34229. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.) (Proof shortened by AV, 14-Oct-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℕ0⟶𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 ↾ (0..^(𝑁 + 1))) = ((𝐹 ↾ (0..^𝑁)) ++ ⟨“(𝐹‘𝑁)”⟩))
Theorem	sseqval 34222*	Value of the strong sequence builder function. The set 𝑊 represents here the words of length greater than or equal to the lenght of the initial sequence 𝑀. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ Word 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (Word 𝑆 ∩ (◡♯ “ (ℤ≥‘(♯‘𝑀))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑊⟶𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑀seqstr𝐹) = (𝑀 ∪ (lastS ∘ seq(♯‘𝑀)((𝑥 ∈ V, 𝑦 ∈ V ↦ (𝑥 ++ ⟨“(𝐹‘𝑥)”⟩)), (ℕ0 × {(𝑀 ++ ⟨“(𝐹‘𝑀)”⟩)})))))
Theorem	sseqfv1 34223	Value of the strong sequence builder function at one of its initial values. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ Word 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (Word 𝑆 ∩ (◡♯ “ (ℤ≥‘(♯‘𝑀))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑊⟶𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ (0..^(♯‘𝑀)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑀seqstr𝐹)‘𝑁) = (𝑀‘𝑁))
Theorem	sseqfn 34224	A strong recursive sequence is a function over the nonnegative integers. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 23-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ Word 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (Word 𝑆 ∩ (◡♯ “ (ℤ≥‘(♯‘𝑀))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑊⟶𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑀seqstr𝐹) Fn ℕ0)
Theorem	sseqmw 34225	Lemma for sseqf 34226 amd sseqp1 34229. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ Word 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (Word 𝑆 ∩ (◡♯ “ (ℤ≥‘(♯‘𝑀))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑊⟶𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ 𝑊)
Theorem	sseqf 34226	A strong recursive sequence is a function over the nonnegative integers. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 23-Apr-2019.) (Proof shortened by AV, 7-Mar-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ Word 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (Word 𝑆 ∩ (◡♯ “ (ℤ≥‘(♯‘𝑀))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑊⟶𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑀seqstr𝐹):ℕ0⟶𝑆)
Theorem	sseqfres 34227	The first elements in the strong recursive sequence are the sequence initializer. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 23-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ Word 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (Word 𝑆 ∩ (◡♯ “ (ℤ≥‘(♯‘𝑀))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑊⟶𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑀seqstr𝐹) ↾ (0..^(♯‘𝑀))) = 𝑀)
Theorem	sseqfv2 34228*	Value of the strong sequence builder function. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ Word 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (Word 𝑆 ∩ (◡♯ “ (ℤ≥‘(♯‘𝑀))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑊⟶𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘(♯‘𝑀)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑀seqstr𝐹)‘𝑁) = (lastS‘(seq(♯‘𝑀)((𝑥 ∈ V, 𝑦 ∈ V ↦ (𝑥 ++ ⟨“(𝐹‘𝑥)”⟩)), (ℕ0 × {(𝑀 ++ ⟨“(𝐹‘𝑀)”⟩)}))‘𝑁)))
Theorem	sseqp1 34229	Value of the strong sequence builder function at a successor. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 24-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ Word 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (Word 𝑆 ∩ (◡♯ “ (ℤ≥‘(♯‘𝑀))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑊⟶𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘(♯‘𝑀)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑀seqstr𝐹)‘𝑁) = (𝐹‘((𝑀seqstr𝐹) ↾ (0..^𝑁))))
21.3.22  Fibonacci Numbers
Syntax	cfib 34230	The Fibonacci sequence.
class Fibci
Definition	df-fib 34231	Define the Fibonacci sequence, where that each element is the sum of the two preceding ones, starting from 0 and 1. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ Fibci = (⟨“01”⟩seqstr(𝑤 ∈ (Word ℕ0 ∩ (◡♯ “ (ℤ≥‘2))) ↦ ((𝑤‘((♯‘𝑤) − 2)) + (𝑤‘((♯‘𝑤) − 1)))))
Theorem	fiblem 34232	Lemma for fib0 34233, fib1 34234 and fibp1 34235. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝑤 ∈ (Word ℕ0 ∩ (◡♯ “ (ℤ≥‘2))) ↦ ((𝑤‘((♯‘𝑤) − 2)) + (𝑤‘((♯‘𝑤) − 1)))):(Word ℕ0 ∩ (◡♯ “ (ℤ≥‘(♯‘⟨“01”⟩))))⟶ℕ0
Theorem	fib0 34233	Value of the Fibonacci sequence at index 0. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (Fibci‘0) = 0
Theorem	fib1 34234	Value of the Fibonacci sequence at index 1. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (Fibci‘1) = 1
Theorem	fibp1 34235	Value of the Fibonacci sequence at higher indices. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → (Fibci‘(𝑁 + 1)) = ((Fibci‘(𝑁 − 1)) + (Fibci‘𝑁)))
Theorem	fib2 34236	Value of the Fibonacci sequence at index 2. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (Fibci‘2) = 1
Theorem	fib3 34237	Value of the Fibonacci sequence at index 3. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (Fibci‘3) = 2
Theorem	fib4 34238	Value of the Fibonacci sequence at index 4. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (Fibci‘4) = 3
Theorem	fib5 34239	Value of the Fibonacci sequence at index 5. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (Fibci‘5) = 5
Theorem	fib6 34240	Value of the Fibonacci sequence at index 6. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (Fibci‘6) = 8
21.3.23  Probability
21.3.23.1  Probability Theory
Syntax	cprb 34241	Extend class notation to include the class of probability measures.
class Prob
Definition	df-prob 34242	Define the class of probability measures as the set of measures with total measure 1. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 14-Sep-2016.)
⊢ Prob = {𝑝 ∈ ∪ ran measures ∣ (𝑝‘∪ dom 𝑝) = 1}
Theorem	elprob 34243	The property of being a probability measure. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 8-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ Prob ↔ (𝑃 ∈ ∪ ran measures ∧ (𝑃‘∪ dom 𝑃) = 1))
Theorem	domprobmeas 34244	A probability measure is a measure on its domain. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 23-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ Prob → 𝑃 ∈ (measures‘dom 𝑃))
Theorem	domprobsiga 34245	The domain of a probability measure is a sigma-algebra. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 23-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ Prob → dom 𝑃 ∈ ∪ ran sigAlgebra)
Theorem	probtot 34246	The probability of the universe set is 1. Second axiom of Kolmogorov. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 8-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ Prob → (𝑃‘∪ dom 𝑃) = 1)
Theorem	prob01 34247	A probability is an element of [ 0 , 1 ]. First axiom of Kolmogorov. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃) → (𝑃‘𝐴) ∈ (0[,]1))
Theorem	probnul 34248	The probability of the empty event set is 0. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ Prob → (𝑃‘∅) = 0)
Theorem	unveldomd 34249	The universe is an element of the domain of the probability, the universe (entire probability space) being ∪ dom 𝑃 in our construction. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 22-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∪ dom 𝑃 ∈ dom 𝑃)
Theorem	unveldom 34250	The universe is an element of the domain of the probability, the universe (entire probability space) being ∪ dom 𝑃 in our construction. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 22-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ Prob → ∪ dom 𝑃 ∈ dom 𝑃)
Theorem	nuleldmp 34251	The empty set is an element of the domain of the probability. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 22-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ Prob → ∅ ∈ dom 𝑃)
Theorem	probcun 34252*	The probability of the union of a countable disjoint set of events is the sum of their probabilities. (Third axiom of Kolmogorov) Here, the Σ construct cannot be used as it can handle infinite indexing set only if they are subsets of ℤ, which is not the case here. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝒫 dom 𝑃 ∧ (𝐴 ≼ ω ∧ Disj 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑥)) → (𝑃‘∪ 𝐴) = Σ*𝑥 ∈ 𝐴(𝑃‘𝑥))
Theorem	probun 34253	The probability of the union two incompatible events is the sum of their probabilities. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ dom 𝑃) → ((𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = ∅ → (𝑃‘(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)) = ((𝑃‘𝐴) + (𝑃‘𝐵))))
Theorem	probdif 34254	The probability of the difference of two event sets. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 12-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ dom 𝑃) → (𝑃‘(𝐴 ∖ 𝐵)) = ((𝑃‘𝐴) − (𝑃‘(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵))))
Theorem	probinc 34255	A probability law is increasing with regard to event set inclusion. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 10-Feb-2017.)
⊢ (((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ dom 𝑃) ∧ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵) → (𝑃‘𝐴) ≤ (𝑃‘𝐵))
Theorem	probdsb 34256	The probability of the complement of a set. That is, the probability that the event 𝐴 does not occur. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 15-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃) → (𝑃‘(∪ dom 𝑃 ∖ 𝐴)) = (1 − (𝑃‘𝐴)))
Theorem	probmeasd 34257	A probability measure is a measure. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 2-Feb-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ ∪ ran measures)
Theorem	probvalrnd 34258	The value of a probability is a real number. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 2-Feb-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑃‘𝐴) ∈ ℝ)
Theorem	probtotrnd 34259	The probability of the universe set is finite. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 2-Feb-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑃‘∪ dom 𝑃) ∈ ℝ)
Theorem	totprobd 34260*	Law of total probability, deduction form. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝒫 dom 𝑃)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∪ 𝐵 = ∪ dom 𝑃)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ≼ ω)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → Disj 𝑏 ∈ 𝐵 𝑏)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑃‘𝐴) = Σ*𝑏 ∈ 𝐵(𝑃‘(𝑏 ∩ 𝐴)))
Theorem	totprob 34261*	Law of total probability. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃 ∧ (∪ 𝐵 = ∪ dom 𝑃 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝒫 dom 𝑃 ∧ (𝐵 ≼ ω ∧ Disj 𝑏 ∈ 𝐵 𝑏))) → (𝑃‘𝐴) = Σ*𝑏 ∈ 𝐵(𝑃‘(𝑏 ∩ 𝐴)))
Theorem	probfinmeasb 34262	Build a probability measure from a finite measure. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 31-Jan-2017.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ (measures‘𝑆) ∧ (𝑀‘∪ 𝑆) ∈ ℝ+) → (𝑀 ∘f/c /𝑒 (𝑀‘∪ 𝑆)) ∈ Prob)
Theorem	probfinmeasbALTV 34263*	Alternate version of probfinmeasb 34262. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 17-Dec-2016.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ (measures‘𝑆) ∧ (𝑀‘∪ 𝑆) ∈ ℝ+) → (𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ↦ ((𝑀‘𝑥) /𝑒 (𝑀‘∪ 𝑆))) ∈ Prob)
Theorem	probmeasb 34264*	Build a probability from a measure and a set with finite measure. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ (measures‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ (𝑀‘𝐴) ∈ ℝ+) → (𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ↦ ((𝑀‘(𝑥 ∩ 𝐴)) / (𝑀‘𝐴))) ∈ Prob)
21.3.23.2  Conditional Probabilities
Syntax	ccprob 34265	Extends class notation with the conditional probability builder.
class cprob
Definition	df-cndprob 34266*	Define the conditional probability. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 14-Sep-2016.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ cprob = (𝑝 ∈ Prob ↦ (𝑎 ∈ dom 𝑝, 𝑏 ∈ dom 𝑝 ↦ ((𝑝‘(𝑎 ∩ 𝑏)) / (𝑝‘𝑏))))
Theorem	cndprobval 34267	The value of the conditional probability , i.e. the probability for the event 𝐴, given 𝐵, under the probability law 𝑃. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ dom 𝑃) → ((cprob‘𝑃)‘⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩) = ((𝑃‘(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)) / (𝑃‘𝐵)))
Theorem	cndprobin 34268	An identity linking conditional probability and intersection. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 13-Dec-2016.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ dom 𝑃) ∧ (𝑃‘𝐵) ≠ 0) → (((cprob‘𝑃)‘⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩) · (𝑃‘𝐵)) = (𝑃‘(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)))
Theorem	cndprob01 34269	The conditional probability has values in [0, 1]. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 13-Dec-2016.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ dom 𝑃) ∧ (𝑃‘𝐵) ≠ 0) → ((cprob‘𝑃)‘⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩) ∈ (0[,]1))
Theorem	cndprobtot 34270	The conditional probability given a certain event is one. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 20-Dec-2016.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃 ∧ (𝑃‘𝐴) ≠ 0) → ((cprob‘𝑃)‘⟨∪ dom 𝑃, 𝐴⟩) = 1)
Theorem	cndprobnul 34271	The conditional probability given empty event is zero. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 20-Dec-2016.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃 ∧ (𝑃‘𝐴) ≠ 0) → ((cprob‘𝑃)‘⟨∅, 𝐴⟩) = 0)
Theorem	cndprobprob 34272*	The conditional probability defines a probability law. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 23-Dec-2016.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐵 ∈ dom 𝑃 ∧ (𝑃‘𝐵) ≠ 0) → (𝑎 ∈ dom 𝑃 ↦ ((cprob‘𝑃)‘⟨𝑎, 𝐵⟩)) ∈ Prob)
Theorem	bayesth 34273	Bayes Theorem. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 20-Dec-2016.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ dom 𝑃) ∧ (𝑃‘𝐴) ≠ 0 ∧ (𝑃‘𝐵) ≠ 0) → ((cprob‘𝑃)‘⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩) = ((((cprob‘𝑃)‘⟨𝐵, 𝐴⟩) · (𝑃‘𝐴)) / (𝑃‘𝐵)))
21.3.23.3  Real-valued Random Variables
Syntax	crrv 34274	Extend class notation with the class of real-valued random variables.
class rRndVar
Definition	df-rrv 34275	In its generic definition, a random variable is a measurable function from a probability space to a Borel set. Here, we specifically target real-valued random variables, i.e. measurable function from a probability space to the Borel sigma-algebra on the set of real numbers. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 20-Sep-2016.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Jan-2017.)
⊢ rRndVar = (𝑝 ∈ Prob ↦ (dom 𝑝MblFnM𝔅ℝ))
Theorem	rrvmbfm 34276	A real-valued random variable is a measurable function from its sample space to the Borel sigma-algebra. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃) ↔ 𝑋 ∈ (dom 𝑃MblFnM𝔅ℝ)))
Theorem	isrrvv 34277*	Elementhood to the set of real-valued random variables with respect to the probability 𝑃. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃) ↔ (𝑋:∪ dom 𝑃⟶ℝ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝔅ℝ (◡𝑋 “ 𝑦) ∈ dom 𝑃)))
Theorem	rrvvf 34278	A real-valued random variable is a function. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋:∪ dom 𝑃⟶ℝ)
Theorem	rrvfn 34279	A real-valued random variable is a function over the universe. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 Fn ∪ dom 𝑃)
Theorem	rrvdm 34280	The domain of a random variable is the universe. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → dom 𝑋 = ∪ dom 𝑃)
Theorem	rrvrnss 34281	The range of a random variable as a subset of ℝ. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 6-Feb-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ran 𝑋 ⊆ ℝ)
Theorem	rrvf2 34282	A real-valued random variable is a function. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋:dom 𝑋⟶ℝ)
Theorem	rrvdmss 34283	The domain of a random variable. This is useful to shorten proofs. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∪ dom 𝑃 ⊆ dom 𝑋)
Theorem	rrvfinvima 34284*	For a real-value random variable 𝑋, any open interval in ℝ is the image of a measurable set. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝔅ℝ (◡𝑋 “ 𝑦) ∈ dom 𝑃)
Theorem	0rrv 34285*	The constant function equal to zero is a random variable. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 16-Jan-2017.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 30-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ ∪ dom 𝑃 ↦ 0) ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))
Theorem	rrvadd 34286	The sum of two random variables is a random variable. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 4-Jun-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 ∘f + 𝑌) ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))
Theorem	rrvmulc 34287	A random variable multiplied by a constant is a random variable. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 17-Jan-2017.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 22-May-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 ∘f/c · 𝐶) ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))
Theorem	rrvsum 34288	An indexed sum of random variables is a random variable. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 22-May-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋:ℕ⟶(rRndVar‘𝑃))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑆 = (seq1( ∘f + , 𝑋)‘𝑁))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑆 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))
21.3.23.4  Preimage set mapping operator
Syntax	corvc 34289	Extend class notation to include the preimage set mapping operator.
class ∘RV/𝑐𝑅
Definition	df-orvc 34290*	Define the preimage set mapping operator. In probability theory, the notation 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝐴) denotes the probability that a random variable 𝑋 takes the value 𝐴. We introduce here an operator which enables to write this in Metamath as (𝑃‘(𝑋∘RV/𝑐 I 𝐴)), and keep a similar notation. Because with this notation (𝑋∘RV/𝑐 I 𝐴) is a set, we can also apply it to conditional probabilities, like in (𝑃‘(𝑋∘RV/𝑐 I 𝐴) ∣ (𝑌∘RV/𝑐 I 𝐵))). The oRVC operator transforms a relation 𝑅 into an operation taking a random variable 𝑋 and a constant 𝐶, and returning the preimage through 𝑋 of the equivalence class of 𝐶. The most commonly used relations are: - equality: {𝑋 = 𝐴} as (𝑋∘RV/𝑐 I 𝐴) cf. ideq 5859- elementhood: {𝑋 ∈ 𝐴} as (𝑋∘RV/𝑐 E 𝐴) cf. epel 5589- less-than: {𝑋 ≤ 𝐴} as (𝑋∘RV/𝑐 ≤ 𝐴) Even though it is primarily designed to be used within probability theory and with random variables, this operator is defined on generic functions, and could be used in other fields, e.g., for continuous functions. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 15-Jan-2017.)
⊢ ∘RV/𝑐𝑅 = (𝑥 ∈ {𝑥 ∣ Fun 𝑥}, 𝑎 ∈ V ↦ (◡𝑥 “ {𝑦 ∣ 𝑦𝑅𝑎}))
Theorem	orvcval 34291*	Value of the preimage mapping operator applied on a given random variable and constant. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 19-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → Fun 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋∘RV/𝑐𝑅𝐴) = (◡𝑋 “ {𝑦 ∣ 𝑦𝑅𝐴}))
Theorem	orvcval2 34292*	Another way to express the value of the preimage mapping operator. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 19-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → Fun 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋∘RV/𝑐𝑅𝐴) = {𝑧 ∈ dom 𝑋 ∣ (𝑋‘𝑧)𝑅𝐴})
Theorem	elorvc 34293*	Elementhood of a preimage. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → Fun 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ dom 𝑋) → (𝑧 ∈ (𝑋∘RV/𝑐𝑅𝐴) ↔ (𝑋‘𝑧)𝑅𝐴))
Theorem	orvcval4 34294*	The value of the preimage mapping operator can be restricted to preimages in the base set of the topology. Cf. orvcval 34291. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ ∪ ran sigAlgebra)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ Top)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (𝑆MblFnM(sigaGen‘𝐽)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋∘RV/𝑐𝑅𝐴) = (◡𝑋 “ {𝑦 ∈ ∪ 𝐽 ∣ 𝑦𝑅𝐴}))
Theorem	orvcoel 34295*	If the relation produces open sets, preimage maps by a measurable function are measurable sets. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ ∪ ran sigAlgebra)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ Top)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (𝑆MblFnM(sigaGen‘𝐽)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → {𝑦 ∈ ∪ 𝐽 ∣ 𝑦𝑅𝐴} ∈ 𝐽)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋∘RV/𝑐𝑅𝐴) ∈ 𝑆)
Theorem	orvccel 34296*	If the relation produces closed sets, preimage maps by a measurable function are measurable sets. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ ∪ ran sigAlgebra)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ Top)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (𝑆MblFnM(sigaGen‘𝐽)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → {𝑦 ∈ ∪ 𝐽 ∣ 𝑦𝑅𝐴} ∈ (Clsd‘𝐽))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋∘RV/𝑐𝑅𝐴) ∈ 𝑆)
Theorem	elorrvc 34297*	Elementhood of a preimage for a real-valued random variable. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ ∪ dom 𝑃) → (𝑧 ∈ (𝑋∘RV/𝑐𝑅𝐴) ↔ (𝑋‘𝑧)𝑅𝐴))
Theorem	orrvcval4 34298*	The value of the preimage mapping operator can be restricted to preimages of subsets of ℝ. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋∘RV/𝑐𝑅𝐴) = (◡𝑋 “ {𝑦 ∈ ℝ ∣ 𝑦𝑅𝐴}))
Theorem	orrvcoel 34299*	If the relation produces open sets, preimage maps of a random variable are measurable sets. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → {𝑦 ∈ ℝ ∣ 𝑦𝑅𝐴} ∈ (topGen‘ran (,)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋∘RV/𝑐𝑅𝐴) ∈ dom 𝑃)
Theorem	orrvccel 34300*	If the relation produces closed sets, preimage maps are measurable sets. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → {𝑦 ∈ ℝ ∣ 𝑦𝑅𝐴} ∈ (Clsd‘(topGen‘ran (,))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋∘RV/𝑐𝑅𝐴) ∈ dom 𝑃)