P. 387 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 38601-38700   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
21.24.1  The language of Propositional Calculus. Sentences of propositional calculus are encoded as sequences of nonnegative integers. Variables are encoded as (propvar ‘𝑛) where 𝑛 is a natural number. The negation of a sentence of propositional calculus 𝑥 is encoded as (prop¬‘𝑥). Two sentences of propositional calculus 𝑥 and 𝑦 can be combined using the implication prop→. To avoid the necessity of brackets, this is done in an RPN-format. We can thus encode the sentence "𝑥 implies 𝑦 " as (𝑥prop→𝑦).
Syntax	cpropvar 38601	A variable in a sentence of propositional calculus.
class propvar
Syntax	cpropneg 38602	The negation of a sentence of propositional calculus.
class prop¬
Syntax	cpropimp 38603	The implication between two sentences of propositional calculus.
class prop→
Definition	df-propvar 38604	Variables in sentences of propositional calculus are encoded by appending a zero after the number of the variable. (Contributed by Thomas van Maaren, 21-Aug-2026.)
⊢ propvar = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (⟨“𝑛”⟩ ++ ⟨“0”⟩))
Definition	df-propneg 38605	The negation of a sentence of propositional calculus is encoded by appending a one after the sentence. (Contributed by Thomas van Maaren, 21-Aug-2026.)
⊢ prop¬ = (𝑥 ∈ V ↦ (𝑥 ++ ⟨“1”⟩))
Definition	df-propimp 38606*	The implication between two sentences of propositional calculus is encoded by concatenating the two sentences and appending a two at the end. (Contributed by Thomas van Maaren, 21-Aug-2026.)
⊢ prop→ = (𝑥 ∈ V, 𝑦 ∈ V ↦ ((𝑥 ++ 𝑦) ++ ⟨“2”⟩))
Syntax	cprop 38607	The language of Propositional Calculus.
class PROP
Definition	df-prop 38608*	Define the language of propositional calculus. This definition is noncircular. For a more usable and intuitive, but circular, definition see dfprop 38615. (Contributed by Thomas van Maaren, 21-Aug-2026.)
⊢ PROP = setrecs((𝑦 ∈ V ↦ {𝑥 ∣ (∃𝑧 ∈ 𝑦 (𝑥 = (prop¬‘𝑧) ∨ ∃𝑤 ∈ 𝑦 𝑥 = (𝑤prop→𝑧)) ∨ ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ 𝑥 = (propvar ‘𝑛))}))
Theorem	dfproplem 38609*	Given a set A, the set of all variables encoded as natural numbers, negations of elements in A, and implications between elements of A forms a set. This lemma is used when using fvmptd 6993 on the defining function of PROP. (Contributed by Thomas van Maaren, 21-Aug-2026.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ {𝑥 ∣ (∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥 = (prop¬‘𝑧) ∨ ∃𝑤 ∈ 𝐴 𝑥 = (𝑤prop→𝑧)) ∨ ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ 𝑥 = (propvar ‘𝑛))} ∈ V
Theorem	varprop 38610	Variables encoded as natural numbers are sentences of propositional calculus. (Contributed by Thomas van Maaren, 21-Aug-2026.)
⊢ (𝑛 ∈ ℕ → (propvar ‘𝑛) ∈ PROP)
Theorem	negprop 38611	The negation of a sentence of propositional calculus is a sentence of propositional calculus. (Contributed by Thomas van Maaren, 21-Aug-2026.)
⊢ (𝑥 ∈ PROP → (prop¬‘𝑥) ∈ PROP)
Theorem	impprop 38612	The implication between two sentences of propositional calculus is a sentence of propositional calculus. (Contributed by Thomas van Maaren, 21-Aug-2026.)
⊢ ((𝑥 ∈ PROP ∧ 𝑦 ∈ PROP) → (𝑥prop→𝑦) ∈ PROP)
Theorem	dfprop1 38613*	The set of variables encoded as a natural number, negations of sentences of propositional calculus, and implications between sentences of propositional calculus is a subset of PROP. (Contributed by Thomas van Maaren, 21-Aug-2026.)
⊢ {𝑥 ∣ (∃𝑧 ∈ PROP (𝑥 = (prop¬‘𝑧) ∨ ∃𝑤 ∈ PROP 𝑥 = (𝑤prop→𝑧)) ∨ ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ 𝑥 = (propvar ‘𝑛))} ⊆ PROP
Theorem	dfprop2 38614*	Every sentence of propositional calculus is either a variable encoded as a natural number, a negation of a sentence of propositional calculus, or an implication between two sentences of propositional calculus. (Contributed by Thomas van Maaren, 21-Aug-2026.)
⊢ PROP ⊆ {𝑥 ∣ (∃𝑧 ∈ PROP (𝑥 = (prop¬‘𝑧) ∨ ∃𝑤 ∈ PROP 𝑥 = (𝑤prop→𝑧)) ∨ ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ 𝑥 = (propvar ‘𝑛))}
Theorem	dfprop 38615*	The set of sentences of propositional calculus is equal to the set of sentences that are either a variable encoded as a natural number, a negation of a sentence propositional calculus, or an implication between two sentences of propositional calculus. (Contributed by Thomas van Maaren, 21-Aug-2026.)
⊢ PROP = {𝑥 ∣ (∃𝑧 ∈ PROP (𝑥 = (prop¬‘𝑧) ∨ ∃𝑤 ∈ PROP 𝑥 = (𝑤prop→𝑧)) ∨ ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ 𝑥 = (propvar ‘𝑛))}
21.25  Mathbox for Jeff Madsen
21.25.1  Logic and set theory
Theorem	unirep 38616*	Define a quantity whose definition involves a choice of representative, but which is uniquely determined regardless of the choice. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 1-Jun-2011.)
⊢ (𝑦 = 𝐷 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝐷 → 𝐵 = 𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑧 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑧 → 𝐵 = 𝐹)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ ((∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝐴 ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜒) → 𝐵 = 𝐹) ∧ (𝐷 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝜓)) → (℩𝑥∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 = 𝐵)) = 𝐶)
Theorem	cover2 38617*	Two ways of expressing the statement "there is a cover of 𝐴 by elements of 𝐵 such that for each set in the cover, 𝜑". Note that 𝜑 and 𝑥 must be distinct. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 20-Jun-2010.)
⊢ 𝐵 ∈ V    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = ∪ 𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑥 ∈ 𝑦 ∧ 𝜑) ↔ ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵(∪ 𝑧 = 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑧 𝜑))
Theorem	cover2g 38618*	Two ways of expressing the statement "there is a cover of 𝐴 by elements of 𝐵 such that for each set in the cover, 𝜑". Note that 𝜑 and 𝑥 must be distinct. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 21-Jun-2010.)
⊢ 𝐴 = ∪ 𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐶 → (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑥 ∈ 𝑦 ∧ 𝜑) ↔ ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵(∪ 𝑧 = 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑧 𝜑)))
Theorem	brabg2 38619*	Relation by a binary relation abstraction. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝐵 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ 𝜑}    &   ⊢ (𝜒 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐷 → (𝐴𝑅𝐵 ↔ 𝜒))
Theorem	opelopab3 38620*	Ordered pair membership in an ordered pair class abstraction, with a reduced hypothesis. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 29-May-2011.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝐵 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝜒 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐷 → (⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ ∈ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ 𝜑} ↔ 𝜒))
Theorem	cocanfo 38621	Cancellation of a surjective function from the right side of a composition. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 1-Jun-2011.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 27-Dec-2014.)
⊢ (((𝐹:𝐴–onto→𝐵 ∧ 𝐺 Fn 𝐵 ∧ 𝐻 Fn 𝐵) ∧ (𝐺 ∘ 𝐹) = (𝐻 ∘ 𝐹)) → 𝐺 = 𝐻)
Theorem	brresi2 38622	Restriction of a binary relation. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ 𝐵 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴(𝑅 ↾ 𝐶)𝐵 → 𝐴𝑅𝐵)
Theorem	fnopabeqd 38623*	Equality deduction for function abstractions. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 19-Jun-2011.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 = 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝐵)} = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝐶)})
Theorem	fvopabf4g 38624*	Function value of an operator abstraction whose domain is a set of functions with given domain and range. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 1-Dec-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝐶 ∈ V    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → 𝐵 = 𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ (𝑅 ↑m 𝐷) ↦ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐷 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑅 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝐴:𝐷⟶𝑅) → (𝐹‘𝐴) = 𝐶)
Theorem	fnopabco 38625*	Composition of a function with a function abstraction. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 27-Dec-2014.)
⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝐵)}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 = (𝐻‘𝐵))}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐻 Fn 𝐶 → 𝐺 = (𝐻 ∘ 𝐹))
Theorem	opropabco 38626*	Composition of an operator with a function abstraction. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 11-Jun-2010.)
⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 = ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩)}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 = (𝐵𝑀𝐶))}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑀 Fn (𝑅 × 𝑆) → 𝐺 = (𝑀 ∘ 𝐹))
Theorem	cocnv 38627	Composition with a function and then with the converse. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ ((Fun 𝐹 ∧ Fun 𝐺) → ((𝐹 ∘ 𝐺) ∘ ◡𝐺) = (𝐹 ↾ ran 𝐺))
Theorem	f1ocan1fv 38628	Cancel a composition by a bijection by preapplying the converse. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 27-Dec-2014.)
⊢ ((Fun 𝐹 ∧ 𝐺:𝐴–1-1-onto→𝐵 ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → ((𝐹 ∘ 𝐺)‘(◡𝐺‘𝑋)) = (𝐹‘𝑋))
Theorem	f1ocan2fv 38629	Cancel a composition by the converse of a bijection by preapplying the bijection. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ ((Fun 𝐹 ∧ 𝐺:𝐴–1-1-onto→𝐵 ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐴) → ((𝐹 ∘ ◡𝐺)‘(𝐺‘𝑋)) = (𝐹‘𝑋))
Theorem	inixp 38630*	Intersection of Cartesian products over the same base set. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ (X𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 ∩ X𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐶) = X𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)
Theorem	upixp 38631*	Universal property of the indexed Cartesian product. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 12-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝑋 = X𝑏 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐶‘𝑏)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑤 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ (𝑥‘𝑤)))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑅 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ ∀𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐹‘𝑎):𝐵⟶(𝐶‘𝑎)) → ∃!ℎ(ℎ:𝐵⟶𝑋 ∧ ∀𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐹‘𝑎) = ((𝑃‘𝑎) ∘ ℎ)))
Theorem	abrexdom 38632*	An indexed set is dominated by the indexing set. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ (𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 → ∃*𝑥𝜑)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → {𝑥 ∣ ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑} ≼ 𝐴)
Theorem	abrexdom2 38633*	An indexed set is dominated by the indexing set. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → {𝑥 ∣ ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝑥 = 𝐵} ≼ 𝐴)
Theorem	ac6gf 38634*	Axiom of Choice. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝜓    &   ⊢ (𝑦 = (𝑓‘𝑥) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑) → ∃𝑓(𝑓:𝐴⟶𝐵 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓))
Theorem	indexa 38635*	If for every element of an indexing set 𝐴 there exists a corresponding element of another set 𝐵, then there exists a subset of 𝐵 consisting only of those elements which are indexed by 𝐴. Used to avoid the Axiom of Choice in situations where only the range of the choice function is needed. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ 𝑀 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑) → ∃𝑐(𝑐 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝑐 𝜑 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑐 ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑))
Theorem	indexdom 38636*	If for every element of an indexing set 𝐴 there exists a corresponding element of another set 𝐵, then there exists a subset of 𝐵 consisting only of those elements which are indexed by 𝐴, and which is dominated by the set 𝐴. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑀 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑) → ∃𝑐((𝑐 ≼ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑐 ⊆ 𝐵) ∧ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝑐 𝜑 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑐 ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑)))
Theorem	frinfm 38637*	A subset of a well-founded set has an infimum. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Fr 𝐴 ∧ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ ∅)) → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ¬ 𝑥◡𝑅𝑦 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑦◡𝑅𝑥 → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 𝑦◡𝑅𝑧)))
Theorem	welb 38638*	A nonempty subset of a well-ordered set has a lower bound. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ ((𝑅 We 𝐴 ∧ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ ∅)) → (◡𝑅 Or 𝐵 ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ¬ 𝑥◡𝑅𝑦 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑦◡𝑅𝑥 → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 𝑦◡𝑅𝑧))))
Theorem	supex2g 38639	Existence of supremum. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 → sup(𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑅) ∈ V)
Theorem	supclt 38640*	Closure of supremum. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Or 𝐴 ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ¬ 𝑥𝑅𝑦 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑦𝑅𝑥 → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 𝑦𝑅𝑧))) → sup(𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑅) ∈ 𝐴)
Theorem	supubt 38641*	Upper bound property of supremum. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Or 𝐴 ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ¬ 𝑥𝑅𝑦 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑦𝑅𝑥 → ∃𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 𝑦𝑅𝑧))) → (𝐶 ∈ 𝐵 → ¬ sup(𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑅)𝑅𝐶))
21.25.2  Real and complex numbers; integers
Theorem	filbcmb 38642*	Combine a finite set of lower bounds. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐴 ≠ ∅ ∧ 𝐵 ⊆ ℝ) → (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑦 ≤ 𝑧 → 𝜑) → ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑦 ≤ 𝑧 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑)))
Theorem	fzmul 38643	Membership of a product in a finite interval of integers. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 17-Jun-2010.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐾 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐽 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁) → (𝐾 · 𝐽) ∈ ((𝐾 · 𝑀)...(𝐾 · 𝑁))))
21.25.3  Sequences and sums
Theorem	sdclem2 38644*	Lemma for sdc 38646. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝑔 = (𝑓 ↾ (𝑀...𝑛)) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑛 = 𝑀 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ (𝑛 = 𝑘 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ ((𝑔 = ℎ ∧ 𝑛 = (𝑘 + 1)) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜎))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑔(𝑔:{𝑀}⟶𝐴 ∧ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → ((𝑔:(𝑀...𝑘)⟶𝐴 ∧ 𝜃) → ∃ℎ(ℎ:(𝑀...(𝑘 + 1))⟶𝐴 ∧ 𝑔 = (ℎ ↾ (𝑀...𝑘)) ∧ 𝜎)))    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑔 ∣ ∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑍 (𝑔:(𝑀...𝑛)⟶𝐴 ∧ 𝜓)}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑤 ∈ 𝑍, 𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ↦ {ℎ ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ 𝑍 (ℎ:(𝑀...(𝑘 + 1))⟶𝐴 ∧ 𝑥 = (ℎ ↾ (𝑀...𝑘)) ∧ 𝜎)})    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑘𝜑    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:𝑍⟶𝐽)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺‘𝑀):(𝑀...𝑀)⟶𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑤 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐺‘(𝑤 + 1)) ∈ (𝑤𝐹(𝐺‘𝑤)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑓(𝑓:𝑍⟶𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑛 ∈ 𝑍 𝜒))
Theorem	sdclem1 38645*	Lemma for sdc 38646. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝑔 = (𝑓 ↾ (𝑀...𝑛)) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑛 = 𝑀 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ (𝑛 = 𝑘 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ ((𝑔 = ℎ ∧ 𝑛 = (𝑘 + 1)) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜎))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑔(𝑔:{𝑀}⟶𝐴 ∧ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → ((𝑔:(𝑀...𝑘)⟶𝐴 ∧ 𝜃) → ∃ℎ(ℎ:(𝑀...(𝑘 + 1))⟶𝐴 ∧ 𝑔 = (ℎ ↾ (𝑀...𝑘)) ∧ 𝜎)))    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑔 ∣ ∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑍 (𝑔:(𝑀...𝑛)⟶𝐴 ∧ 𝜓)}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑤 ∈ 𝑍, 𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ↦ {ℎ ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ 𝑍 (ℎ:(𝑀...(𝑘 + 1))⟶𝐴 ∧ 𝑥 = (ℎ ↾ (𝑀...𝑘)) ∧ 𝜎)})    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑓(𝑓:𝑍⟶𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑛 ∈ 𝑍 𝜒))
Theorem	sdc 38646*	Strong dependent choice. Suppose we may choose an element of 𝐴 such that property 𝜓 holds, and suppose that if we have already chosen the first 𝑘 elements (represented here by a function from 1...𝑘 to 𝐴), we may choose another element so that all 𝑘 + 1 elements taken together have property 𝜓. Then there exists an infinite sequence of elements of 𝐴 such that the first 𝑛 terms of this sequence satisfy 𝜓 for all 𝑛. This theorem allows to construct infinite sequences where each term depends on all the previous terms in the sequence. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 3-Jun-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝑔 = (𝑓 ↾ (𝑀...𝑛)) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑛 = 𝑀 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ (𝑛 = 𝑘 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ ((𝑔 = ℎ ∧ 𝑛 = (𝑘 + 1)) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜎))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑔(𝑔:{𝑀}⟶𝐴 ∧ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → ((𝑔:(𝑀...𝑘)⟶𝐴 ∧ 𝜃) → ∃ℎ(ℎ:(𝑀...(𝑘 + 1))⟶𝐴 ∧ 𝑔 = (ℎ ↾ (𝑀...𝑘)) ∧ 𝜎)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑓(𝑓:𝑍⟶𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑛 ∈ 𝑍 𝜒))
Theorem	fdc 38647*	Finite version of dependent choice. Construct a function whose value depends on the previous function value, except at a final point at which no new value can be chosen. The final hypothesis ensures that the process will terminate. The proof does not use the Axiom of Choice. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 18-Jun-2010.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    &   ⊢ 𝑀 ∈ ℤ    &   ⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑀 + 1)    &   ⊢ (𝑎 = (𝑓‘(𝑘 − 1)) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑏 = (𝑓‘𝑘) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑎 = (𝑓‘𝑛) → (𝜃 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ (𝜂 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜂 → 𝑅 Fr 𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜂 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝜃 ∨ ∃𝑏 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑))    &   ⊢ (((𝜂 ∧ 𝜑) ∧ (𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑏 ∈ 𝐴)) → 𝑏𝑅𝑎)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜂 → ∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑍 ∃𝑓(𝑓:(𝑀...𝑛)⟶𝐴 ∧ ((𝑓‘𝑀) = 𝐶 ∧ 𝜏) ∧ ∀𝑘 ∈ (𝑁...𝑛)𝜒))
Theorem	fdc1 38648*	Variant of fdc 38647 with no specified base value. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 18-Jun-2010.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    &   ⊢ 𝑀 ∈ ℤ    &   ⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑀 + 1)    &   ⊢ (𝑎 = (𝑓‘𝑀) → (𝜁 ↔ 𝜎))    &   ⊢ (𝑎 = (𝑓‘(𝑘 − 1)) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑏 = (𝑓‘𝑘) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑎 = (𝑓‘𝑛) → (𝜃 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ (𝜂 → ∃𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 𝜁)    &   ⊢ (𝜂 → 𝑅 Fr 𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜂 ∧ 𝑎 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝜃 ∨ ∃𝑏 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑))    &   ⊢ (((𝜂 ∧ 𝜑) ∧ (𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑏 ∈ 𝐴)) → 𝑏𝑅𝑎)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜂 → ∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑍 ∃𝑓(𝑓:(𝑀...𝑛)⟶𝐴 ∧ (𝜎 ∧ 𝜏) ∧ ∀𝑘 ∈ (𝑁...𝑛)𝜒))
Theorem	seqpo 38649*	Two ways to say that a sequence respects a partial order. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Po 𝐴 ∧ 𝐹:ℕ⟶𝐴) → (∀𝑠 ∈ ℕ (𝐹‘𝑠)𝑅(𝐹‘(𝑠 + 1)) ↔ ∀𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∀𝑛 ∈ (ℤ≥‘(𝑚 + 1))(𝐹‘𝑚)𝑅(𝐹‘𝑛)))
Theorem	incsequz 38650*	An increasing sequence of positive integers takes on indefinitely large values. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ ((𝐹:ℕ⟶ℕ ∧ ∀𝑚 ∈ ℕ (𝐹‘𝑚) < (𝐹‘(𝑚 + 1)) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝐹‘𝑛) ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝐴))
Theorem	incsequz2 38651*	An increasing sequence of positive integers takes on indefinitely large values. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ ((𝐹:ℕ⟶ℕ ∧ ∀𝑚 ∈ ℕ (𝐹‘𝑚) < (𝐹‘(𝑚 + 1)) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ ∀𝑘 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑛)(𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝐴))
Theorem	nnubfi 38652*	A bounded above set of positive integers is finite. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 28-Feb-2014.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ⊆ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ) → {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝑥 < 𝐵} ∈ Fin)
Theorem	nninfnub 38653*	An infinite set of positive integers is unbounded above. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 28-Feb-2014.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ⊆ ℕ ∧ ¬ 𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ) → {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝐵 < 𝑥} ≠ ∅)
21.25.4  Topology
Theorem	subspopn 38654	An open set is open in the subspace topology. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-Dec-2013.)
⊢ (((𝐽 ∈ Top ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉) ∧ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴)) → 𝐵 ∈ (𝐽 ↾t 𝐴))
Theorem	neificl 38655	Neighborhoods are closed under finite intersection. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 25-Nov-2013.)
⊢ (((𝐽 ∈ Top ∧ 𝑁 ⊆ ((nei‘𝐽)‘𝑆)) ∧ (𝑁 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑁 ≠ ∅)) → ∩ 𝑁 ∈ ((nei‘𝐽)‘𝑆))
Theorem	lpss2 38656	Limit points of a subset are limit points of the larger set. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐽    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐽 ∈ Top ∧ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴) → ((limPt‘𝐽)‘𝐵) ⊆ ((limPt‘𝐽)‘𝐴))
21.25.5  Metric spaces
Theorem	metf1o 38657*	Use a bijection with a metric space to construct a metric on a set. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝑌, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑌 ↦ ((𝐹‘𝑥)𝑀(𝐹‘𝑦)))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑌 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑀 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝐹:𝑌–1-1-onto→𝑋) → 𝑁 ∈ (Met‘𝑌))
Theorem	blssp 38658	A ball in the subspace metric. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 5-Jan-2014.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑀 ↾ (𝑆 × 𝑆))    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑀 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑆 ⊆ 𝑋) ∧ (𝑌 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ+)) → (𝑌(ball‘𝑁)𝑅) = ((𝑌(ball‘𝑀)𝑅) ∩ 𝑆))
Theorem	mettrifi 38659*	Generalized triangle inequality for arbitrary finite sums. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 4-Jun-2014.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ (Met‘𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)) → (𝐹‘𝑘) ∈ 𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐹‘𝑀)𝐷(𝐹‘𝑁)) ≤ Σ𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...(𝑁 − 1))((𝐹‘𝑘)𝐷(𝐹‘(𝑘 + 1))))
Theorem	lmclim2 38660*	A sequence in a metric space converges to a point iff the distance between the point and the elements of the sequence converges to 0. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 5-Jun-2014.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ (Met‘𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℕ⟶𝑋)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (MetOpen‘𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ ℕ ↦ ((𝐹‘𝑥)𝐷𝑌))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹(⇝𝑡‘𝐽)𝑌 ↔ 𝐺 ⇝ 0))
Theorem	geomcau 38661*	If the distance between consecutive points in a sequence is bounded by a geometric sequence, then the sequence is Cauchy. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 5-Jun-2014.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ (Met‘𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℕ⟶𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ+)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 < 1)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝐹‘𝑘)𝐷(𝐹‘(𝑘 + 1))) ≤ (𝐴 · (𝐵↑𝑘)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (Cau‘𝐷))
Theorem	caures 38662	The restriction of a Cauchy sequence to an upper set of integers is Cauchy. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 5-Jun-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ (Met‘𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝑋 ↑pm ℂ))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 ∈ (Cau‘𝐷) ↔ (𝐹 ↾ 𝑍) ∈ (Cau‘𝐷)))
Theorem	caushft 38663*	A shifted Cauchy sequence is Cauchy. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 5-Jun-2014.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ (Met‘𝑋))    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (ℤ≥‘(𝑀 + 𝑁))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍) → (𝐹‘𝑘) = (𝐺‘(𝑘 + 𝑁)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (Cau‘𝐷))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:𝑊⟶𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ (Cau‘𝐷))
21.25.6  Continuous maps and homeomorphisms
Theorem	constcncf 38664*	A constant function is a continuous function on ℂ. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Moved into main set.mm as cncfmptc 25213 and may be deleted by mathbox owner, JM. --MC 12-Sep-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ ℂ ↦ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → 𝐹 ∈ (ℂ–cn→ℂ))
Theorem	cnres2 38665*	The restriction of a continuous function to a subset is continuous. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-Dec-2013.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐽    &   ⊢ 𝑌 = ∪ 𝐾    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝐽 ∈ Top ∧ 𝐾 ∈ Top) ∧ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝑌) ∧ (𝐹 ∈ (𝐽 Cn 𝐾) ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐹‘𝑥) ∈ 𝐵)) → (𝐹 ↾ 𝐴) ∈ ((𝐽 ↾t 𝐴) Cn (𝐾 ↾t 𝐵)))
Theorem	cnresima 38666	A continuous function is continuous onto its image. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-Dec-2013.)
⊢ ((𝐽 ∈ Top ∧ 𝐾 ∈ Top ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝐽 Cn 𝐾)) → 𝐹 ∈ (𝐽 Cn (𝐾 ↾t ran 𝐹)))
Theorem	cncfres 38667*	A continuous function on complex numbers restricted to a subset. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝐴 ⊆ ℂ    &   ⊢ 𝐵 ⊆ ℂ    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ ℂ ↦ 𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 ∈ (ℂ–cn→ℂ)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (MetOpen‘((abs ∘ − ) ↾ (𝐴 × 𝐴)))    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (MetOpen‘((abs ∘ − ) ↾ (𝐵 × 𝐵)))    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐺 ∈ (𝐽 Cn 𝐾)
21.25.7  Boundedness
Syntax	ctotbnd 38668	Extend class notation with the class of totally bounded metric spaces.
class TotBnd
Syntax	cbnd 38669	Extend class notation with the class of bounded metric spaces.
class Bnd
Definition	df-totbnd 38670*	Define the class of totally bounded metrics. A metric space is totally bounded iff it can be covered by a finite number of balls of any given radius. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ TotBnd = (𝑥 ∈ V ↦ {𝑚 ∈ (Met‘𝑥) ∣ ∀𝑑 ∈ ℝ+ ∃𝑣 ∈ Fin (∪ 𝑣 = 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑏 ∈ 𝑣 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 𝑏 = (𝑦(ball‘𝑚)𝑑))})
Theorem	istotbnd 38671*	The predicate "is a totally bounded metric space". (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ (𝑀 ∈ (TotBnd‘𝑋) ↔ (𝑀 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ ∀𝑑 ∈ ℝ+ ∃𝑣 ∈ Fin (∪ 𝑣 = 𝑋 ∧ ∀𝑏 ∈ 𝑣 ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 𝑏 = (𝑥(ball‘𝑀)𝑑))))
Theorem	istotbnd2 38672*	The predicate "is a totally bounded metric space." (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ (𝑀 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) → (𝑀 ∈ (TotBnd‘𝑋) ↔ ∀𝑑 ∈ ℝ+ ∃𝑣 ∈ Fin (∪ 𝑣 = 𝑋 ∧ ∀𝑏 ∈ 𝑣 ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 𝑏 = (𝑥(ball‘𝑀)𝑑))))
Theorem	istotbnd3 38673*	A metric space is totally bounded iff there is a finite ε-net for every positive ε. This differs from the definition in providing a finite set of ball centers rather than a finite set of balls. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (𝑀 ∈ (TotBnd‘𝑋) ↔ (𝑀 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ ∀𝑑 ∈ ℝ+ ∃𝑣 ∈ (𝒫 𝑋 ∩ Fin)∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑣 (𝑥(ball‘𝑀)𝑑) = 𝑋))
Theorem	totbndmet 38674	The predicate "totally bounded" implies 𝑀 is a metric space. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ (𝑀 ∈ (TotBnd‘𝑋) → 𝑀 ∈ (Met‘𝑋))
Theorem	0totbnd 38675	The metric (there is only one) on the empty set is totally bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 16-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (𝑋 = ∅ → (𝑀 ∈ (TotBnd‘𝑋) ↔ 𝑀 ∈ (Met‘𝑋)))
Theorem	sstotbnd2 38676*	Condition for a subset of a metric space to be totally bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑀 ↾ (𝑌 × 𝑌))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑌 ⊆ 𝑋) → (𝑁 ∈ (TotBnd‘𝑌) ↔ ∀𝑑 ∈ ℝ+ ∃𝑣 ∈ (𝒫 𝑋 ∩ Fin)𝑌 ⊆ ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑣 (𝑥(ball‘𝑀)𝑑)))
Theorem	sstotbnd 38677*	Condition for a subset of a metric space to be totally bounded. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 12-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑀 ↾ (𝑌 × 𝑌))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑌 ⊆ 𝑋) → (𝑁 ∈ (TotBnd‘𝑌) ↔ ∀𝑑 ∈ ℝ+ ∃𝑣 ∈ Fin (𝑌 ⊆ ∪ 𝑣 ∧ ∀𝑏 ∈ 𝑣 ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 𝑏 = (𝑥(ball‘𝑀)𝑑))))
Theorem	sstotbnd3 38678*	Use a net that is not necessarily finite, but for which only finitely many balls meet the subset. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 14-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑀 ↾ (𝑌 × 𝑌))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑌 ⊆ 𝑋) → (𝑁 ∈ (TotBnd‘𝑌) ↔ ∀𝑑 ∈ ℝ+ ∃𝑣 ∈ 𝒫 𝑋(𝑌 ⊆ ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑣 (𝑥(ball‘𝑀)𝑑) ∧ {𝑥 ∈ 𝑣 ∣ ((𝑥(ball‘𝑀)𝑑) ∩ 𝑌) ≠ ∅} ∈ Fin)))
Theorem	totbndss 38679	A subset of a totally bounded metric space is totally bounded. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Sep-2015.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ (TotBnd‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑆 ⊆ 𝑋) → (𝑀 ↾ (𝑆 × 𝑆)) ∈ (TotBnd‘𝑆))
Theorem	equivtotbnd 38680*	If the metric 𝑀 is "strongly finer" than 𝑁 (meaning that there is a positive real constant 𝑅 such that 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) ≤ 𝑅 · 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)), then total boundedness of 𝑀 implies total boundedness of 𝑁. (Using this theorem twice in each direction states that if two metrics are strongly equivalent, then one is totally bounded iff the other is.) (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 14-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ (TotBnd‘𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ (Met‘𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ ℝ+)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝑥𝑁𝑦) ≤ (𝑅 · (𝑥𝑀𝑦)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ (TotBnd‘𝑋))
Definition	df-bnd 38681*	Define the class of bounded metrics. A metric space is bounded iff it can be covered by a single ball. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ Bnd = (𝑥 ∈ V ↦ {𝑚 ∈ (Met‘𝑥) ∣ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∃𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ 𝑥 = (𝑦(ball‘𝑚)𝑟)})
Theorem	isbnd 38682*	The predicate "is a bounded metric space". (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (𝑀 ∈ (Bnd‘𝑋) ↔ (𝑀 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∃𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ 𝑋 = (𝑥(ball‘𝑀)𝑟)))
Theorem	bndmet 38683	A bounded metric space is a metric space. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 16-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (𝑀 ∈ (Bnd‘𝑋) → 𝑀 ∈ (Met‘𝑋))
Theorem	isbndx 38684*	A "bounded extended metric" (meaning that it satisfies the same condition as a bounded metric, but with "metric" replaced with "extended metric") is a metric and thus is bounded in the conventional sense. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (𝑀 ∈ (Bnd‘𝑋) ↔ (𝑀 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∃𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ 𝑋 = (𝑥(ball‘𝑀)𝑟)))
Theorem	isbnd2 38685*	The predicate "is a bounded metric space". Uses a single point instead of an arbitrary point in the space. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ (Bnd‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑋 ≠ ∅) ↔ (𝑀 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∃𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ 𝑋 = (𝑥(ball‘𝑀)𝑟)))
Theorem	isbnd3 38686*	A metric space is bounded iff the metric function maps to some bounded real interval. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (𝑀 ∈ (Bnd‘𝑋) ↔ (𝑀 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ 𝑀:(𝑋 × 𝑋)⟶(0[,]𝑥)))
Theorem	isbnd3b 38687*	A metric space is bounded iff the metric function maps to some bounded real interval. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 22-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (𝑀 ∈ (Bnd‘𝑋) ↔ (𝑀 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝑋 (𝑦𝑀𝑧) ≤ 𝑥))
Theorem	bndss 38688	A subset of a bounded metric space is bounded. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ (Bnd‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑆 ⊆ 𝑋) → (𝑀 ↾ (𝑆 × 𝑆)) ∈ (Bnd‘𝑆))
Theorem	blbnd 38689	A ball is bounded. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 15-Jan-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ (∞Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑅 ∈ ℝ) → (𝑀 ↾ ((𝑌(ball‘𝑀)𝑅) × (𝑌(ball‘𝑀)𝑅))) ∈ (Bnd‘(𝑌(ball‘𝑀)𝑅)))
Theorem	ssbnd 38690*	A subset of a metric space is bounded iff it is contained in a ball around 𝑃, for any 𝑃 in the larger space. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 14-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑀 ↾ (𝑌 × 𝑌))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝑁 ∈ (Bnd‘𝑌) ↔ ∃𝑑 ∈ ℝ 𝑌 ⊆ (𝑃(ball‘𝑀)𝑑)))
Theorem	totbndbnd 38691	A totally bounded metric space is bounded. This theorem fails for extended metrics - a bounded extended metric is a metric, but there are totally bounded extended metrics that are not metrics (if we were to weaken istotbnd 38671 to only require that 𝑀 be an extended metric). A counterexample is the discrete extended metric (assigning distinct points distance +∞) on a finite set. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Sep-2009.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 12-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (𝑀 ∈ (TotBnd‘𝑋) → 𝑀 ∈ (Bnd‘𝑋))
Theorem	equivbnd 38692*	If the metric 𝑀 is "strongly finer" than 𝑁 (meaning that there is a positive real constant 𝑅 such that 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) ≤ 𝑅 · 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)), then boundedness of 𝑀 implies boundedness of 𝑁. (Using this theorem twice in each direction states that if two metrics are strongly equivalent, then one is bounded iff the other is.) (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 14-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ (Bnd‘𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ (Met‘𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ ℝ+)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝑥𝑁𝑦) ≤ (𝑅 · (𝑥𝑀𝑦)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ (Bnd‘𝑋))
Theorem	bnd2lem 38693	Lemma for equivbnd2 38694 and similar theorems. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 16-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑀 ↾ (𝑌 × 𝑌))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (Bnd‘𝑌)) → 𝑌 ⊆ 𝑋)
Theorem	equivbnd2 38694*	If balls are totally bounded in the metric 𝑀, then balls are totally bounded in the equivalent metric 𝑁. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ (Met‘𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ (Met‘𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ ℝ+)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ ℝ+)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝑥𝑁𝑦) ≤ (𝑅 · (𝑥𝑀𝑦)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝑥𝑀𝑦) ≤ (𝑆 · (𝑥𝑁𝑦)))    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝑀 ↾ (𝑌 × 𝑌))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑁 ↾ (𝑌 × 𝑌))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐶 ∈ (TotBnd‘𝑌) ↔ 𝐶 ∈ (Bnd‘𝑌)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐷 ∈ (TotBnd‘𝑌) ↔ 𝐷 ∈ (Bnd‘𝑌)))
Theorem	prdsbnd 38695*	The product metric over finite index set is bounded if all the factors are bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝑌 = (𝑆Xs𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑌)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘(𝑅‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = ((dist‘(𝑅‘𝑥)) ↾ (𝑉 × 𝑉))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (dist‘𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Fn 𝐼)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐼) → 𝐸 ∈ (Bnd‘𝑉))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ (Bnd‘𝐵))
Theorem	prdstotbnd 38696*	The product metric over finite index set is totally bounded if all the factors are totally bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝑌 = (𝑆Xs𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑌)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘(𝑅‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = ((dist‘(𝑅‘𝑥)) ↾ (𝑉 × 𝑉))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (dist‘𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Fn 𝐼)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐼) → 𝐸 ∈ (TotBnd‘𝑉))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ (TotBnd‘𝐵))
Theorem	prdsbnd2 38697*	If balls are totally bounded in each factor, then balls are bounded in a metric product. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 16-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝑌 = (𝑆Xs𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑌)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (Base‘(𝑅‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = ((dist‘(𝑅‘𝑥)) ↾ (𝑉 × 𝑉))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (dist‘𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Fn 𝐼)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝐷 ↾ (𝐴 × 𝐴))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐼) → 𝐸 ∈ (Met‘𝑉))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐼) → ((𝐸 ↾ (𝑦 × 𝑦)) ∈ (TotBnd‘𝑦) ↔ (𝐸 ↾ (𝑦 × 𝑦)) ∈ (Bnd‘𝑦)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐶 ∈ (TotBnd‘𝐴) ↔ 𝐶 ∈ (Bnd‘𝐴)))
Theorem	cntotbnd 38698	A subset of the complex numbers is totally bounded iff it is bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 14-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝐷 = ((abs ∘ − ) ↾ (𝑋 × 𝑋))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (TotBnd‘𝑋) ↔ 𝐷 ∈ (Bnd‘𝑋))
Theorem	cnpwstotbnd 38699	A subset of 𝐴↑𝐼, where 𝐴 ⊆ ℂ, is totally bounded iff it is bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 14-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝑌 = ((ℂfld ↾s 𝐴) ↑s 𝐼)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = ((dist‘𝑌) ↾ (𝑋 × 𝑋))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ⊆ ℂ ∧ 𝐼 ∈ Fin) → (𝐷 ∈ (TotBnd‘𝑋) ↔ 𝐷 ∈ (Bnd‘𝑋)))
21.25.8  Isometries
Syntax	cismty 38700	Extend class notation with the class of metric space isometries.
class Ismty