P. 451 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 45001-45100   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	rfcnpre1 45001	If F is a continuous function with respect to the standard topology, then the preimage A of the values greater than a given extended real B is an open set. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 20-Apr-2017.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐵    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐹    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (topGen‘ran (,))    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐽    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∣ 𝐵 < (𝐹‘𝑥)}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ*)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝐽 Cn 𝐾))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐽)
Theorem	ubelsupr 45002*	If U belongs to A and U is an upper bound, then U is the sup of A. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 20-Apr-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ⊆ ℝ ∧ 𝑈 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑥 ≤ 𝑈) → 𝑈 = sup(𝐴, ℝ, < ))
Theorem	fsumcnf 45003*	A finite sum of functions to complex numbers from a common topological space is continuous, without disjoint var constraint x ph. The class expression for B normally contains free variables k and x to index it. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 20-Apr-2017.)
⊢ 𝐾 = (TopOpen‘ℂfld)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ (TopOn‘𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ 𝐵) ∈ (𝐽 Cn 𝐾))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵) ∈ (𝐽 Cn 𝐾))
Theorem	mulltgt0 45004	The product of a negative and a positive number is negative. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 20-Apr-2017.)
⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝐴 < 0) ∧ (𝐵 ∈ ℝ ∧ 0 < 𝐵)) → (𝐴 · 𝐵) < 0)
Theorem	rspcegf 45005	A version of rspcev 3577 using bound-variable hypotheses instead of distinct variable conditions. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 20-Apr-2017.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜓    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐵    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝜓) → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑)
Theorem	rabexgf 45006	A version of rabexg 5276 using bound-variable hypotheses instead of distinct variable conditions. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 20-Apr-2017.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} ∈ V)
Theorem	fcnre 45007	A function continuous with respect to the standard topology, is a real mapping. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 20-Apr-2017.)
⊢ 𝐾 = (topGen‘ran (,))    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = ∪ 𝐽    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝐽 Cn 𝐾)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑇⟶ℝ)
Theorem	sumsnd 45008*	A sum of a singleton is the term. The deduction version of sumsn 15653. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 20-Apr-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑘𝐵)    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑘𝜑    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 = 𝑀) → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → Σ𝑘 ∈ {𝑀}𝐴 = 𝐵)
Theorem	evthf 45009*	A version of evth 24856 using bound-variable hypotheses instead of distinct variable conditions. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 20-Apr-2017.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐹    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝐹    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝑋    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝑋    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝜑    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐽    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (topGen‘ran (,))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ Comp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝐽 Cn 𝐾))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ≠ ∅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 (𝐹‘𝑦) ≤ (𝐹‘𝑥))
Theorem	cnfex 45010	The class of continuous functions between two topologies is a set. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 20-Apr-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐽 ∈ Top ∧ 𝐾 ∈ Top) → (𝐽 Cn 𝐾) ∈ V)
Theorem	fnchoice 45011*	For a finite set, a choice function exists, without using the axiom of choice. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 20-Apr-2017.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ Fin → ∃𝑓(𝑓 Fn 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥 ≠ ∅ → (𝑓‘𝑥) ∈ 𝑥)))
Theorem	refsumcn 45012*	A finite sum of continuous real functions, from a common topological space, is continuous. The class expression for B normally contains free variables k and x to index it. See fsumcn 24759 for the analogous theorem on continuous complex functions. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 20-Apr-2017.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (topGen‘ran (,))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ (TopOn‘𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ 𝐵) ∈ (𝐽 Cn 𝐾))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ Σ𝑘 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵) ∈ (𝐽 Cn 𝐾))
Theorem	rfcnpre2 45013	If 𝐹 is a continuous function with respect to the standard topology, then the preimage A of the values smaller than a given extended real 𝐵, is an open set. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 20-Apr-2017.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐵    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐹    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (topGen‘ran (,))    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐽    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∣ (𝐹‘𝑥) < 𝐵}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ*)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝐽 Cn 𝐾))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐽)
Theorem	cncmpmax 45014*	When the hypothesis for the extreme value theorem hold, then the sup of the range of the function belongs to the range, it is real and it an upper bound of the range. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 20-Apr-2017.)
⊢ 𝑇 = ∪ 𝐽    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (topGen‘ran (,))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ Comp)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝐽 Cn 𝐾))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 ≠ ∅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (sup(ran 𝐹, ℝ, < ) ∈ ran 𝐹 ∧ sup(ran 𝐹, ℝ, < ) ∈ ℝ ∧ ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (𝐹‘𝑡) ≤ sup(ran 𝐹, ℝ, < )))
Theorem	rfcnpre3 45015*	If F is a continuous function with respect to the standard topology, then the preimage A of the values greater than or equal to a given real B is a closed set. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 20-Apr-2017.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑡𝐹    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (topGen‘ran (,))    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = ∪ 𝐽    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 ∣ 𝐵 ≤ (𝐹‘𝑡)}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝐽 Cn 𝐾))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ (Clsd‘𝐽))
Theorem	rfcnpre4 45016*	If F is a continuous function with respect to the standard topology, then the preimage A of the values less than or equal to a given real B is a closed set. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 20-Apr-2017.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑡𝐹    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (topGen‘ran (,))    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = ∪ 𝐽    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 ∣ (𝐹‘𝑡) ≤ 𝐵}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝐽 Cn 𝐾))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ (Clsd‘𝐽))
Theorem	sumpair 45017*	Sum of two distinct complex values. The class expression for 𝐴 and 𝐵 normally contain free variable 𝑘 to index it. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 20-Apr-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑘𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑘𝐸)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐸 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≠ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 = 𝐴) → 𝐶 = 𝐷)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑘 = 𝐵) → 𝐶 = 𝐸)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → Σ𝑘 ∈ {𝐴, 𝐵}𝐶 = (𝐷 + 𝐸))
Theorem	rfcnnnub 45018*	Given a real continuous function 𝐹 defined on a compact topological space, there is always a positive integer that is a strict upper bound of its range. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 20-Apr-2017.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑡𝐹    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑡𝜑    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (topGen‘ran (,))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ Comp)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = ∪ 𝐽    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝐽 Cn 𝐾)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (𝐹‘𝑡) < 𝑛)
Theorem	refsum2cnlem1 45019*	This is the core Lemma for refsum2cn 45020: the sum of two continuous real functions (from a common topological space) is continuous. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 20-Apr-2017.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐹    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐺    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = (𝑘 ∈ {1, 2} ↦ if(𝑘 = 1, 𝐹, 𝐺))    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (topGen‘ran (,))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ (TopOn‘𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝐽 Cn 𝐾))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ (𝐽 Cn 𝐾))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ ((𝐹‘𝑥) + (𝐺‘𝑥))) ∈ (𝐽 Cn 𝐾))
Theorem	refsum2cn 45020*	The sum of two continuus real functions (from a common topological space) is continuous. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 20-Apr-2017.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐹    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐺    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (topGen‘ran (,))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ (TopOn‘𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝐽 Cn 𝐾))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ (𝐽 Cn 𝐾))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ ((𝐹‘𝑥) + (𝐺‘𝑥))) ∈ (𝐽 Cn 𝐾))
Theorem	adantlllr 45021	Deduction adding a conjunct to antecedent. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ ((((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ∧ 𝜒) ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏)    ⇒   ⊢ (((((𝜑 ∧ 𝜂) ∧ 𝜓) ∧ 𝜒) ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏)
Theorem	3adantlr3 45022	Deduction adding a conjunct to antecedent. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ (𝜓 ∧ 𝜒)) ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ (𝜓 ∧ 𝜒 ∧ 𝜂)) ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏)
Theorem	3adantll2 45023	Deduction adding a conjunct to antecedent. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ ((((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ∧ 𝜒) ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏)    ⇒   ⊢ ((((𝜑 ∧ 𝜂 ∧ 𝜓) ∧ 𝜒) ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏)
Theorem	3adantll3 45024	Deduction adding a conjunct to antecedent. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ ((((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) ∧ 𝜒) ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏)    ⇒   ⊢ ((((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓 ∧ 𝜂) ∧ 𝜒) ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏)
Theorem	ssnel 45025	If not element of a set, then not element of a subset. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ ¬ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐵) → ¬ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴)
Theorem	sncldre 45026	A singleton is closed w.r.t. the standard topology on the reals. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℝ → {𝐴} ∈ (Clsd‘(topGen‘ran (,))))
Theorem	n0p 45027	A polynomial with a nonzero coefficient is not the zero polynomial. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 5-Apr-2020.)
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ (Poly‘ℤ) ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ ((coeff‘𝑃)‘𝑁) ≠ 0) → 𝑃 ≠ 0𝑝)
Theorem	pm2.65ni 45028	Inference rule for proof by contradiction. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 5-Apr-2020.)
⊢ (¬ 𝜑 → 𝜓)    &   ⊢ (¬ 𝜑 → ¬ 𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ 𝜑
Theorem	iuneq2df 45029	Equality deduction for indexed union. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 17-Aug-2020.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 = 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 = ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐶)
Theorem	nnfoctb 45030*	There exists a mapping from ℕ onto any (nonempty) countable set. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 17-Aug-2020.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ≼ ω ∧ 𝐴 ≠ ∅) → ∃𝑓 𝑓:ℕ–onto→𝐴)
Theorem	elpwinss 45031	An element of the powerset of 𝐵 intersected with anything, is a subset of 𝐵. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 17-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (𝒫 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) → 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵)
Theorem	unidmex 45032	If 𝐹 is a set, then ∪ dom 𝐹 is a set. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 17-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ dom 𝐹    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ V)
Theorem	ndisj2 45033*	A non-disjointness condition. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 17-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → 𝐵 = 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (¬ Disj 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥 ≠ 𝑦 ∧ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) ≠ ∅))
Theorem	zenom 45034	The set of integer numbers is equinumerous to omega (the set of finite ordinal numbers). (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 17-Aug-2020.)
⊢ ℤ ≈ ω
Theorem	uzwo4 45035*	Well-ordering principle: any nonempty subset of an upper set of integers has the least element. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 17-Aug-2020.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑗𝜓    &   ⊢ (𝑗 = 𝑘 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑆 ⊆ (ℤ≥‘𝑀) ∧ ∃𝑗 ∈ 𝑆 𝜑) → ∃𝑗 ∈ 𝑆 (𝜑 ∧ ∀𝑘 ∈ 𝑆 (𝑘 < 𝑗 → ¬ 𝜓)))
Theorem	unisn0 45036	The union of the singleton of the empty set is the empty set. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 17-Aug-2020.)
⊢ ∪ {∅} = ∅
Theorem	ssin0 45037	If two classes are disjoint, two respective subclasses are disjoint. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 17-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (((𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = ∅ ∧ 𝐶 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐷 ⊆ 𝐵) → (𝐶 ∩ 𝐷) = ∅)
Theorem	inabs3 45038	Absorption law for intersection. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 17-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (𝐶 ⊆ 𝐵 → ((𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∩ 𝐶) = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶))
Theorem	pwpwuni 45039	Relationship between power class and union. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 17-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝐴 ∈ 𝒫 𝒫 𝐵 ↔ ∪ 𝐴 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵))
Theorem	disjiun2 45040*	In a disjoint collection, an indexed union is disjoint from an additional term. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 17-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → Disj 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ⊆ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ 𝐶))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐷 → 𝐵 = 𝐸)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐶 𝐵 ∩ 𝐸) = ∅)
Theorem	0pwfi 45041	The empty set is in any power set, and it's finite. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 17-Aug-2020.)
⊢ ∅ ∈ (𝒫 𝐴 ∩ Fin)
Theorem	ssinss2d 45042	Intersection preserves subclass relationship. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 17-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ⊆ 𝐶)
Theorem	zct 45043	The set of integer numbers is countable. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 17-Aug-2020.)
⊢ ℤ ≼ ω
Theorem	pwfin0 45044	A finite set always belongs to a power class. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 17-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (𝒫 𝐴 ∩ Fin) ≠ ∅
Theorem	uzct 45045	An upper integer set is countable. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 17-Aug-2020.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑁)    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑍 ≼ ω
Theorem	iunxsnf 45046*	A singleton index picks out an instance of an indexed union's argument. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 17-Aug-2020.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐶    &   ⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → 𝐵 = 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ ∪ 𝑥 ∈ {𝐴}𝐵 = 𝐶
Theorem	fiiuncl 45047*	If a set is closed under the union of two sets, then it is closed under finite indexed union. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 17-Aug-2020.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐷 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐷) → (𝑦 ∪ 𝑧) ∈ 𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≠ ∅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷)
Theorem	iunp1 45048*	The addition of the next set to a union indexed by a finite set of sequential integers. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 17-Aug-2020.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑘𝐵    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝑘 = (𝑁 + 1) → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∪ 𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...(𝑁 + 1))𝐴 = (∪ 𝑘 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)𝐴 ∪ 𝐵))
Theorem	fiunicl 45049*	If a set is closed under the union of two sets, then it is closed under finite union. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 17-Aug-2020.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝑥 ∪ 𝑦) ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≠ ∅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∪ 𝐴 ∈ 𝐴)
Theorem	ixpeq2d 45050	Equality theorem for infinite Cartesian product. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Oct-2020.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 = 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → X𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 = X𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐶)
Theorem	disjxp1 45051*	The sets of a cartesian product are disjoint if the sets in the first argument are disjoint. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Oct-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → Disj 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → Disj 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐵 × 𝐶))
Theorem	disjsnxp 45052*	The sets in the cartesian product of singletons with other sets, are disjoint. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Oct-2020.)
⊢ Disj 𝑗 ∈ 𝐴 ({𝑗} × 𝐵)
Theorem	eliind 45053*	Membership in indexed intersection. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 24-Dec-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐾 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐾 → (𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ↔ 𝐴 ∈ 𝐷))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐷)
Theorem	rspcef 45054	Restricted existential specialization, using implicit substitution. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 24-Dec-2020.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜓    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐵    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝜓) → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑)
Theorem	ixpssmapc 45055*	An infinite Cartesian product is a subset of set exponentiation. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 24-Dec-2020.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → X𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 ⊆ (𝐶 ↑m 𝐴))
Theorem	elintd 45056*	Membership in class intersection. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 3-Jan-2021.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵) → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑥)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ∩ 𝐵)
Theorem	ssdf 45057*	A sufficient condition for a subclass relationship. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 3-Jan-2021.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵)
Theorem	brneqtrd 45058	Substitution of equal classes into the negation of a binary relation. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 3-Jan-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝐴𝑅𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 = 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝐴𝑅𝐶)
Theorem	ssnct 45059	A set containing an uncountable set is itself uncountable. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 3-Jan-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝐴 ≼ ω)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝐵 ≼ ω)
Theorem	ssuniint 45060*	Sufficient condition for being a subclass of the union of an intersection. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 3-Jan-2021.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵) → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑥)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ ∪ ∩ 𝐵)
Theorem	elintdv 45061*	Membership in class intersection. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 3-Jan-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵) → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑥)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ∩ 𝐵)
Theorem	ssd 45062*	A sufficient condition for a subclass relationship. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 3-Jan-2021.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵)
Theorem	ralimralim 45063	Introducing any antecedent in a restricted universal quantification. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 3-Mar-2021.)
⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝜓 → 𝜑))
Theorem	snelmap 45064	Membership of the element in the range of a constant map. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 3-Mar-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 × {𝑥}) ∈ (𝐵 ↑m 𝐴))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵)
Theorem	xrnmnfpnf 45065	An extended real that is neither real nor minus infinity, is plus infinity. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 3-Mar-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ*)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≠ -∞)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = +∞)
Theorem	nelrnmpt 45066*	Non-membership in the range of a function in maps-to notaion. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 3-Mar-2021.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐶 ≠ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝐶 ∈ ran 𝐹)
Theorem	iuneq1i 45067	Equality theorem for indexed union. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 3-Mar-2021.) Remove DV conditions. (Revised by GG, 1-Sep-2025.)
⊢ 𝐴 = 𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐶 = ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝐶
Theorem	nssrex 45068*	Negation of subclass relationship. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 3-Mar-2021.)
⊢ (¬ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ¬ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵)
Theorem	ssinc 45069*	Inclusion relation for a monotonic sequence of sets. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 8-Apr-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑚 ∈ (𝑀..^𝑁)) → (𝐹‘𝑚) ⊆ (𝐹‘(𝑚 + 1)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹‘𝑀) ⊆ (𝐹‘𝑁))
Theorem	ssdec 45070*	Inclusion relation for a monotonic sequence of sets. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 8-Apr-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑚 ∈ (𝑀..^𝑁)) → (𝐹‘(𝑚 + 1)) ⊆ (𝐹‘𝑚))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹‘𝑁) ⊆ (𝐹‘𝑀))
Theorem	elixpconstg 45071*	Membership in an infinite Cartesian product of a constant 𝐵. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 8-Apr-2021.)
⊢ (𝐹 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝐹 ∈ X𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 ↔ 𝐹:𝐴⟶𝐵))
Theorem	iineq1d 45072*	Equality theorem for indexed intersection. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 8-Apr-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐶 = ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝐶)
Theorem	metpsmet 45073	A metric is a pseudometric. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 8-Apr-2021.)
⊢ (𝐷 ∈ (Met‘𝑋) → 𝐷 ∈ (PsMet‘𝑋))
Theorem	ixpssixp 45074	Subclass theorem for infinite Cartesian product. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 8-Apr-2021.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → X𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 ⊆ X𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐶)
Theorem	ballss3 45075*	A sufficient condition for a ball being a subset. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 8-Apr-2021.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ (PsMet‘𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ ℝ*)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ (𝑃𝐷𝑥) < 𝑅) → 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑃(ball‘𝐷)𝑅) ⊆ 𝐴)
Theorem	iunincfi 45076*	Given a sequence of increasing sets, the union of a finite subsequence, is its last element. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 8-Apr-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑛 ∈ (𝑀..^𝑁)) → (𝐹‘𝑛) ⊆ (𝐹‘(𝑛 + 1)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∪ 𝑛 ∈ (𝑀...𝑁)(𝐹‘𝑛) = (𝐹‘𝑁))
Theorem	nsstr 45077	If it's not a subclass, it's not a subclass of a smaller one. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
⊢ ((¬ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐶 ⊆ 𝐵) → ¬ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐶)
Theorem	rexanuz3 45078*	Combine two different upper integer properties into one, for a single integer. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑗𝜑    &   ⊢ 𝑍 = (ℤ≥‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑗 ∈ 𝑍 ∀𝑘 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑗)𝜒)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑗 ∈ 𝑍 ∀𝑘 ∈ (ℤ≥‘𝑗)𝜓)    &   ⊢ (𝑘 = 𝑗 → (𝜒 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑘 = 𝑗 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜏))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑗 ∈ 𝑍 (𝜃 ∧ 𝜏))
Theorem	cbvmpo2 45079*	Rule to change the second bound variable in a maps-to function, using implicit substitution. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝐴    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑤𝐴    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑤𝐶    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝐸    &   ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑤 → 𝐶 = 𝐸)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ 𝐶) = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴, 𝑤 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ 𝐸)
Theorem	cbvmpo1 45080*	Rule to change the first bound variable in a maps-to function, using implicit substitution. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐵    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑧𝐵    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑧𝐶    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐸    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑧 → 𝐶 = 𝐸)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ 𝐶) = (𝑧 ∈ 𝐴, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ 𝐸)
Theorem	eliuniin 45081*	Indexed union of indexed intersections. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
⊢ 𝐴 = ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∩ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐶 𝐷    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑍 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝑍 ∈ 𝐴 ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐶 𝑍 ∈ 𝐷))
Theorem	ssabf 45082	Subclass of a class abstraction. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} ↔ ∀𝑥(𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → 𝜑))
Theorem	pssnssi 45083	A proper subclass does not include the other class. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
⊢ 𝐴 ⊊ 𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ ¬ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴
Theorem	rabidim2 45084	Membership in a restricted abstraction, implication. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
⊢ (𝑥 ∈ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} → 𝜑)
Theorem	eluni2f 45085*	Membership in class union. Restricted quantifier version. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ∪ 𝐵 ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝐴 ∈ 𝑥)
Theorem	eliin2f 45086*	Membership in indexed intersection. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐵 ≠ ∅ → (𝐴 ∈ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝐶 ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝐴 ∈ 𝐶))
Theorem	nssd 45087	Negation of subclass relationship. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵)
Theorem	iineq12dv 45088*	Equality deduction for indexed intersection. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.) Remove DV conditions. (Revised by GG, 1-Sep-2025.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵) → 𝐶 = 𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐶 = ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝐷)
Theorem	supxrcld 45089	The supremum of an arbitrary set of extended reals is an extended real. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ ℝ*)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → sup(𝐴, ℝ*, < ) ∈ ℝ*)
Theorem	elrestd 45090	A sufficient condition for being an open set of a subspace topology. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐽)    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = (𝑋 ∩ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ (𝐽 ↾t 𝐵))
Theorem	eliuniincex 45091*	Counterexample to show that the additional conditions in eliuniin 45081 and eliuniin2 45102 are actually needed. Notice that the definition of 𝐴 is not even needed (it can be any class). (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
⊢ 𝐵 = {∅}    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = ∅    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = ∅    &   ⊢ 𝑍 = V    ⇒   ⊢ ¬ (𝑍 ∈ 𝐴 ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐶 𝑍 ∈ 𝐷)
Theorem	eliincex 45092*	Counterexample to show that the additional conditions in eliin 4946 and eliin2 45098 are actually needed. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
⊢ 𝐴 = V    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = ∅    ⇒   ⊢ ¬ (𝐴 ∈ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝐶 ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝐴 ∈ 𝐶)
Theorem	eliinid 45093*	Membership in an indexed intersection implies membership in any intersected set. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝐶 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵) → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐶)
Theorem	abssf 45094	Class abstraction in a subclass relationship. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ ({𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} ⊆ 𝐴 ↔ ∀𝑥(𝜑 → 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴))
Theorem	supxrubd 45095	A member of a set of extended reals is less than or equal to the set's supremum. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ ℝ*)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = sup(𝐴, ℝ*, < )    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ≤ 𝑆)
Theorem	ssrabf 45096	Subclass of a restricted class abstraction. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐵    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐵 ⊆ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} ↔ (𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑))
Theorem	ssrabdf 45097	Subclass of a restricted class abstraction (deduction form). (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 5-Jan-2025.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐵    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵) → 𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ⊆ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜓})
Theorem	eliin2 45098*	Membership in indexed intersection. See eliincex 45092 for a counterexample showing that the precondition 𝐵 ≠ ∅ cannot be simply dropped. eliin 4946 uses an alternative precondition (and it doesn't have a disjoint var constraint between 𝐵 and 𝑥; see eliin2f 45086). (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
⊢ (𝐵 ≠ ∅ → (𝐴 ∈ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝐶 ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝐴 ∈ 𝐶))
Theorem	ssrab2f 45099	Subclass relation for a restricted class. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} ⊆ 𝐴
Theorem	restuni3 45100	The underlying set of a subspace induced by the subspace operator ↾t. The result can be applied, for instance, to topologies and sigma-algebras. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 26-Jun-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∪ (𝐴 ↾t 𝐵) = (∪ 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵))