P. 235 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 23401-23500   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	1stcrest 23401	A subspace of a first-countable space is first-countable. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Mar-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐽 ∈ 1stω ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝐽 ↾t 𝐴) ∈ 1stω)
Theorem	2ndcrest 23402	A subspace of a second-countable space is second-countable. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Mar-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐽 ∈ 2ndω ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝐽 ↾t 𝐴) ∈ 2ndω)
Theorem	2ndcctbss 23403*	If a topology is second-countable, every base has a countable subset which is a base. Exercise 16B2 in Willard. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 28-Jan-2010.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 21-Mar-2015.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (topGen‘𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = {⟨𝑢, 𝑣⟩ ∣ (𝑢 ∈ 𝑐 ∧ 𝑣 ∈ 𝑐 ∧ ∃𝑤 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑢 ⊆ 𝑤 ∧ 𝑤 ⊆ 𝑣))}    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ TopBases ∧ 𝐽 ∈ 2ndω) → ∃𝑏 ∈ TopBases (𝑏 ≼ ω ∧ 𝑏 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐽 = (topGen‘𝑏)))
Theorem	2ndcdisj 23404*	Any disjoint family of open sets in a second-countable space is countable. (The sets are required to be nonempty because otherwise there could be many empty sets in the family.) (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Mar-2015.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 9-Apr-2015.) (Revised by NM, 17-Jun-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐽 ∈ 2ndω ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 ∈ (𝐽 ∖ {∅}) ∧ ∀𝑦∃*𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵) → 𝐴 ≼ ω)
Theorem	2ndcdisj2 23405*	Any disjoint collection of open sets in a second-countable space is countable. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Mar-2015.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 9-Apr-2015.) (Revised by NM, 17-Jun-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐽 ∈ 2ndω ∧ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐽 ∧ ∀𝑦∃*𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑦 ∈ 𝑥) → 𝐴 ≼ ω)
Theorem	2ndcomap 23406*	A surjective continuous open map maps second-countable spaces to second-countable spaces. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Apr-2015.)
⊢ 𝑌 = ∪ 𝐾    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ 2ndω)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝐽 Cn 𝐾))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ran 𝐹 = 𝑌)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐽) → (𝐹 “ 𝑥) ∈ 𝐾)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐾 ∈ 2ndω)
Theorem	2ndcsep 23407*	A second-countable topology is separable, which is to say it contains a countable dense subset. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Apr-2015.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐽    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐽 ∈ 2ndω → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝒫 𝑋(𝑥 ≼ ω ∧ ((cls‘𝐽)‘𝑥) = 𝑋))
Theorem	dis2ndc 23408	A discrete space is second-countable iff it is countable. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 13-Apr-2015.)
⊢ (𝑋 ≼ ω ↔ 𝒫 𝑋 ∈ 2ndω)
Theorem	1stcelcls 23409*	A point belongs to the closure of a subset iff there is a sequence in the subset converging to it. Theorem 1.4-6(a) of [Kreyszig] p. 30. This proof uses countable choice ax-cc 10460. A space satisfying the conclusion of this theorem is called a sequential space, so the theorem can also be stated as "every first-countable space is a sequential space". (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Mar-2015.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐽    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐽 ∈ 1stω ∧ 𝑆 ⊆ 𝑋) → (𝑃 ∈ ((cls‘𝐽)‘𝑆) ↔ ∃𝑓(𝑓:ℕ⟶𝑆 ∧ 𝑓(⇝𝑡‘𝐽)𝑃)))
Theorem	1stccnp 23410*	A mapping is continuous at 𝑃 in a first-countable space 𝑋 iff it is sequentially continuous at 𝑃, meaning that the image under 𝐹 of every sequence converging at 𝑃 converges to 𝐹(𝑃). This proof uses ax-cc 10460, but only via 1stcelcls 23409, so it could be refactored into a proof that continuity and sequential continuity are the same in sequential spaces. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 7-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ 1stω)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ (TopOn‘𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐾 ∈ (TopOn‘𝑌))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 ∈ ((𝐽 CnP 𝐾)‘𝑃) ↔ (𝐹:𝑋⟶𝑌 ∧ ∀𝑓((𝑓:ℕ⟶𝑋 ∧ 𝑓(⇝𝑡‘𝐽)𝑃) → (𝐹 ∘ 𝑓)(⇝𝑡‘𝐾)(𝐹‘𝑃)))))
Theorem	1stccn 23411*	A mapping 𝑋⟶𝑌, where 𝑋 is first-countable, is continuous iff it is sequentially continuous, meaning that for any sequence 𝑓(𝑛) converging to 𝑥, its image under 𝐹 converges to 𝐹(𝑥). (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 7-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ 1stω)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ (TopOn‘𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐾 ∈ (TopOn‘𝑌))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑋⟶𝑌)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 ∈ (𝐽 Cn 𝐾) ↔ ∀𝑓(𝑓:ℕ⟶𝑋 → ∀𝑥(𝑓(⇝𝑡‘𝐽)𝑥 → (𝐹 ∘ 𝑓)(⇝𝑡‘𝐾)(𝐹‘𝑥)))))
12.1.15  Local topological properties
Syntax	clly 23412	Extend class notation with the "locally 𝐴 " predicate of a topological space.
class Locally 𝐴
Syntax	cnlly 23413	Extend class notation with the "N-locally 𝐴 " predicate of a topological space.
class 𝑛-Locally 𝐴
Definition	df-lly 23414*	Define a space that is locally 𝐴, where 𝐴 is a topological property like "compact", "connected", or "path-connected". A topological space is locally 𝐴 if every neighborhood of a point contains an open subneighborhood that is 𝐴 in the subspace topology. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ Locally 𝐴 = {𝑗 ∈ Top ∣ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑗 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∃𝑢 ∈ (𝑗 ∩ 𝒫 𝑥)(𝑦 ∈ 𝑢 ∧ (𝑗 ↾t 𝑢) ∈ 𝐴)}
Definition	df-nlly 23415*	Define a space that is n-locally 𝐴, where 𝐴 is a topological property like "compact", "connected", or "path-connected". A topological space is n-locally 𝐴 if every neighborhood of a point contains a subneighborhood that is 𝐴 in the subspace topology. The terminology "n-locally", where 'n' stands for "neighborhood", is not standard, although this is sometimes called "weakly locally 𝐴". The reason for the distinction is that some notions only make sense for arbitrary neighborhoods (such as "locally compact", which is actually 𝑛-Locally Comp in our terminology - open compact sets are not very useful), while others such as "locally connected" are strictly weaker notions if the neighborhoods are not required to be open. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ 𝑛-Locally 𝐴 = {𝑗 ∈ Top ∣ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑗 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∃𝑢 ∈ (((nei‘𝑗)‘{𝑦}) ∩ 𝒫 𝑥)(𝑗 ↾t 𝑢) ∈ 𝐴}
Theorem	islly 23416*	The property of being a locally 𝐴 topological space. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐽 ∈ Locally 𝐴 ↔ (𝐽 ∈ Top ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∃𝑢 ∈ (𝐽 ∩ 𝒫 𝑥)(𝑦 ∈ 𝑢 ∧ (𝐽 ↾t 𝑢) ∈ 𝐴)))
Theorem	isnlly 23417*	The property of being an n-locally 𝐴 topological space. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐽 ∈ 𝑛-Locally 𝐴 ↔ (𝐽 ∈ Top ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 ∃𝑢 ∈ (((nei‘𝐽)‘{𝑦}) ∩ 𝒫 𝑥)(𝐽 ↾t 𝑢) ∈ 𝐴))
Theorem	llyeq 23418	Equality theorem for the Locally 𝐴 predicate. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → Locally 𝐴 = Locally 𝐵)
Theorem	nllyeq 23419	Equality theorem for the Locally 𝐴 predicate. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → 𝑛-Locally 𝐴 = 𝑛-Locally 𝐵)
Theorem	llytop 23420	A locally 𝐴 space is a topological space. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐽 ∈ Locally 𝐴 → 𝐽 ∈ Top)
Theorem	nllytop 23421	A locally 𝐴 space is a topological space. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐽 ∈ 𝑛-Locally 𝐴 → 𝐽 ∈ Top)
Theorem	llyi 23422*	The property of a locally 𝐴 topological space. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐽 ∈ Locally 𝐴 ∧ 𝑈 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑈) → ∃𝑢 ∈ 𝐽 (𝑢 ⊆ 𝑈 ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑢 ∧ (𝐽 ↾t 𝑢) ∈ 𝐴))
Theorem	nllyi 23423*	The property of an n-locally 𝐴 topological space. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐽 ∈ 𝑛-Locally 𝐴 ∧ 𝑈 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑈) → ∃𝑢 ∈ ((nei‘𝐽)‘{𝑃})(𝑢 ⊆ 𝑈 ∧ (𝐽 ↾t 𝑢) ∈ 𝐴))
Theorem	nlly2i 23424*	Eliminate the neighborhood symbol from nllyi 23423. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐽 ∈ 𝑛-Locally 𝐴 ∧ 𝑈 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑈) → ∃𝑠 ∈ 𝒫 𝑈∃𝑢 ∈ 𝐽 (𝑃 ∈ 𝑢 ∧ 𝑢 ⊆ 𝑠 ∧ (𝐽 ↾t 𝑠) ∈ 𝐴))
Theorem	llynlly 23425	A locally 𝐴 space is n-locally 𝐴: the "n-locally" predicate is the weaker notion. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐽 ∈ Locally 𝐴 → 𝐽 ∈ 𝑛-Locally 𝐴)
Theorem	llyssnlly 23426	A locally 𝐴 space is n-locally 𝐴. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ Locally 𝐴 ⊆ 𝑛-Locally 𝐴
Theorem	llyss 23427	The "locally" predicate respects inclusion. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 → Locally 𝐴 ⊆ Locally 𝐵)
Theorem	nllyss 23428	The "n-locally" predicate respects inclusion. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 → 𝑛-Locally 𝐴 ⊆ 𝑛-Locally 𝐵)
Theorem	subislly 23429*	The property of a subspace being locally 𝐴. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-Mar-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐽 ∈ Top ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉) → ((𝐽 ↾t 𝐵) ∈ Locally 𝐴 ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∀𝑦 ∈ (𝑥 ∩ 𝐵)∃𝑢 ∈ 𝐽 ((𝑢 ∩ 𝐵) ⊆ 𝑥 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑢 ∧ (𝐽 ↾t (𝑢 ∩ 𝐵)) ∈ 𝐴)))
Theorem	restnlly 23430*	If the property 𝐴 passes to open subspaces, then a space is n-locally 𝐴 iff it is locally 𝐴. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑗 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑗)) → (𝑗 ↾t 𝑥) ∈ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑛-Locally 𝐴 = Locally 𝐴)
Theorem	restlly 23431*	If the property 𝐴 passes to open subspaces, then a space which is 𝐴 is also locally 𝐴. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑗 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑗)) → (𝑗 ↾t 𝑥) ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ Top)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ Locally 𝐴)
Theorem	islly2 23432*	An alternative expression for 𝐽 ∈ Locally 𝐴 when 𝐴 passes to open subspaces: A space is locally 𝐴 if every point is contained in an open neighborhood with property 𝐴. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑗 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑗)) → (𝑗 ↾t 𝑥) ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐽    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐽 ∈ Locally 𝐴 ↔ (𝐽 ∈ Top ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∃𝑢 ∈ 𝐽 (𝑦 ∈ 𝑢 ∧ (𝐽 ↾t 𝑢) ∈ 𝐴))))
Theorem	llyrest 23433	An open subspace of a locally 𝐴 space is also locally 𝐴. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐽 ∈ Locally 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐽) → (𝐽 ↾t 𝐵) ∈ Locally 𝐴)
Theorem	nllyrest 23434	An open subspace of an n-locally 𝐴 space is also n-locally 𝐴. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐽 ∈ 𝑛-Locally 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐽) → (𝐽 ↾t 𝐵) ∈ 𝑛-Locally 𝐴)
Theorem	loclly 23435	If 𝐴 is a local property, then both Locally 𝐴 and 𝑛-Locally 𝐴 simplify to 𝐴. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (Locally 𝐴 = 𝐴 ↔ 𝑛-Locally 𝐴 = 𝐴)
Theorem	llyidm 23436	Idempotence of the "locally" predicate, i.e. being "locally 𝐴 " is a local property. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ Locally Locally 𝐴 = Locally 𝐴
Theorem	nllyidm 23437	Idempotence of the "n-locally" predicate, i.e. being "n-locally 𝐴 " is a local property. (Use loclly 23435 to show 𝑛-Locally 𝑛-Locally 𝐴 = 𝑛-Locally 𝐴.) (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ Locally 𝑛-Locally 𝐴 = 𝑛-Locally 𝐴
Theorem	toplly 23438	A topology is locally a topology. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ Locally Top = Top
Theorem	topnlly 23439	A topology is n-locally a topology. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ 𝑛-Locally Top = Top
Theorem	hauslly 23440	A Hausdorff space is locally Hausdorff. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐽 ∈ Haus → 𝐽 ∈ Locally Haus)
Theorem	hausnlly 23441	A Hausdorff space is n-locally Hausdorff iff it is locally Hausdorff (both notions are thus referred to as "locally Hausdorff"). (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐽 ∈ 𝑛-Locally Haus ↔ 𝐽 ∈ Locally Haus)
Theorem	hausllycmp 23442	A compact Hausdorff space is locally compact. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐽 ∈ Haus ∧ 𝐽 ∈ Comp) → 𝐽 ∈ 𝑛-Locally Comp)
Theorem	cldllycmp 23443	A closed subspace of a locally compact space is also locally compact. (The analogous result for open subspaces follows from the more general nllyrest 23434.) (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 2-Mar-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐽 ∈ 𝑛-Locally Comp ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (Clsd‘𝐽)) → (𝐽 ↾t 𝐴) ∈ 𝑛-Locally Comp)
Theorem	lly1stc 23444	First-countability is a local property (unlike second-countability). (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Mar-2015.)
⊢ Locally 1stω = 1stω
Theorem	dislly 23445*	The discrete space 𝒫 𝑋 is locally 𝐴 if and only if every singleton space has property 𝐴. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝒫 𝑋 ∈ Locally 𝐴 ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 𝒫 {𝑥} ∈ 𝐴))
Theorem	disllycmp 23446	A discrete space is locally compact. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝒫 𝑋 ∈ Locally Comp)
Theorem	dis1stc 23447	A discrete space is first-countable. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝒫 𝑋 ∈ 1stω)
Theorem	hausmapdom 23448	If 𝑋 is a first-countable Hausdorff space, then the cardinality of the closure of a set 𝐴 is bounded by ℕ to the power 𝐴. In particular, a first-countable Hausdorff space with a dense subset 𝐴 has cardinality at most 𝐴↑ℕ, and a separable first-countable Hausdorff space has cardinality at most 𝒫 ℕ. (Compare hauspwpwdom 23936 to see a weaker result if the assumption of first-countability is omitted.) (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Apr-2015.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐽    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐽 ∈ Haus ∧ 𝐽 ∈ 1stω ∧ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝑋) → ((cls‘𝐽)‘𝐴) ≼ (𝐴 ↑m ℕ))
Theorem	hauspwdom 23449	Simplify the cardinal 𝐴↑ℕ of hausmapdom 23448 to 𝒫 𝐵 = 2↑𝐵 when 𝐵 is an infinite cardinal greater than 𝐴. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Apr-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 30-Apr-2015.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐽    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝐽 ∈ Haus ∧ 𝐽 ∈ 1stω ∧ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝑋) ∧ (𝐴 ≼ 𝒫 𝐵 ∧ ℕ ≼ 𝐵)) → ((cls‘𝐽)‘𝐴) ≼ 𝒫 𝐵)
12.1.16  Refinements
Syntax	cref 23450	Extend class definition to include the refinement relation.
class Ref
Syntax	cptfin 23451	Extend class definition to include the class of point-finite covers.
class PtFin
Syntax	clocfin 23452	Extend class definition to include the class of locally finite covers.
class LocFin
Definition	df-ref 23453*	Define the refinement relation. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 18-Jan-2010.)
⊢ Ref = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (∪ 𝑦 = ∪ 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝑥 ∃𝑤 ∈ 𝑦 𝑧 ⊆ 𝑤)}
Definition	df-ptfin 23454*	Define "point-finite." (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 21-Jan-2010.)
⊢ PtFin = {𝑥 ∣ ∀𝑦 ∈ ∪ 𝑥{𝑧 ∈ 𝑥 ∣ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑧} ∈ Fin}
Definition	df-locfin 23455*	Define "locally finite." (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 21-Jan-2010.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 3-Feb-2020.)
⊢ LocFin = (𝑥 ∈ Top ↦ {𝑦 ∣ (∪ 𝑥 = ∪ 𝑦 ∧ ∀𝑝 ∈ ∪ 𝑥∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑝 ∈ 𝑛 ∧ {𝑠 ∈ 𝑦 ∣ (𝑠 ∩ 𝑛) ≠ ∅} ∈ Fin))})
Theorem	refrel 23456	Refinement is a relation. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 18-Jan-2010.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 3-Feb-2020.)
⊢ Rel Ref
Theorem	isref 23457*	The property of being a refinement of a cover. Dr. Nyikos once commented in class that the term "refinement" is actually misleading and that people are inclined to confuse it with the notion defined in isfne 35954. On the other hand, the two concepts do seem to have a dual relationship. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 18-Jan-2010.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 3-Feb-2020.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝑌 = ∪ 𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 → (𝐴Ref𝐵 ↔ (𝑌 = 𝑋 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 𝑥 ⊆ 𝑦)))
Theorem	refbas 23458	A refinement covers the same set. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 18-Jan-2010.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 3-Feb-2020.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝑌 = ∪ 𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴Ref𝐵 → 𝑌 = 𝑋)
Theorem	refssex 23459*	Every set in a refinement has a superset in the original cover. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 18-Jan-2010.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 3-Feb-2020.)
⊢ ((𝐴Ref𝐵 ∧ 𝑆 ∈ 𝐴) → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝑆 ⊆ 𝑥)
Theorem	ssref 23460	A subcover is a refinement of the original cover. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 18-Jan-2010.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 3-Feb-2020.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝑌 = ∪ 𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑋 = 𝑌) → 𝐴Ref𝐵)
Theorem	refref 23461	Reflexivity of refinement. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 18-Jan-2010.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝐴Ref𝐴)
Theorem	reftr 23462	Refinement is transitive. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 18-Jan-2010.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 3-Feb-2020.)
⊢ ((𝐴Ref𝐵 ∧ 𝐵Ref𝐶) → 𝐴Ref𝐶)
Theorem	refun0 23463	Adding the empty set preserves refinements. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 31-Jan-2020.)
⊢ ((𝐴Ref𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ ∅) → (𝐴 ∪ {∅})Ref𝐵)
Theorem	isptfin 23464*	The statement "is a point-finite cover." (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 21-Jan-2010.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐵 → (𝐴 ∈ PtFin ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 {𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑦} ∈ Fin))
Theorem	islocfin 23465*	The statement "is a locally finite cover." (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 21-Jan-2010.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐽    &   ⊢ 𝑌 = ∪ 𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (LocFin‘𝐽) ↔ (𝐽 ∈ Top ∧ 𝑋 = 𝑌 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∃𝑛 ∈ 𝐽 (𝑥 ∈ 𝑛 ∧ {𝑠 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ (𝑠 ∩ 𝑛) ≠ ∅} ∈ Fin)))
Theorem	finptfin 23466	A finite cover is a point-finite cover. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 21-Jan-2010.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ Fin → 𝐴 ∈ PtFin)
Theorem	ptfinfin 23467*	A point covered by a point-finite cover is only covered by finitely many elements. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 21-Jan-2010.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ PtFin ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋) → {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑥} ∈ Fin)
Theorem	finlocfin 23468	A finite cover of a topological space is a locally finite cover. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 21-Jan-2010.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐽    &   ⊢ 𝑌 = ∪ 𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐽 ∈ Top ∧ 𝐴 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 = 𝑌) → 𝐴 ∈ (LocFin‘𝐽))
Theorem	locfintop 23469	A locally finite cover covers a topological space. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 21-Jan-2010.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (LocFin‘𝐽) → 𝐽 ∈ Top)
Theorem	locfinbas 23470	A locally finite cover must cover the base set of its corresponding topological space. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 21-Jan-2010.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐽    &   ⊢ 𝑌 = ∪ 𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (LocFin‘𝐽) → 𝑋 = 𝑌)
Theorem	locfinnei 23471*	A point covered by a locally finite cover has a neighborhood which intersects only finitely many elements of the cover. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 21-Jan-2010.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐽    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ (LocFin‘𝐽) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑋) → ∃𝑛 ∈ 𝐽 (𝑃 ∈ 𝑛 ∧ {𝑠 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ (𝑠 ∩ 𝑛) ≠ ∅} ∈ Fin))
Theorem	lfinpfin 23472	A locally finite cover is point-finite. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 21-Jan-2010.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 11-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (LocFin‘𝐽) → 𝐴 ∈ PtFin)
Theorem	lfinun 23473	Adding a finite set preserves locally finite covers. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 31-Jan-2020.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ (LocFin‘𝐽) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ Fin ∧ ∪ 𝐵 ⊆ ∪ 𝐽) → (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∈ (LocFin‘𝐽))
Theorem	locfincmp 23474	For a compact space, the locally finite covers are precisely the finite covers. Sadly, this property does not properly characterize all compact spaces. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 22-Jan-2010.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 11-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐽    &   ⊢ 𝑌 = ∪ 𝐶    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐽 ∈ Comp → (𝐶 ∈ (LocFin‘𝐽) ↔ (𝐶 ∈ Fin ∧ 𝑋 = 𝑌)))
Theorem	unisngl 23475*	Taking the union of the set of singletons recovers the initial set. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 9-Jan-2020.)
⊢ 𝐶 = {𝑢 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 𝑢 = {𝑥}}    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐶
Theorem	dissnref 23476*	The set of singletons is a refinement of any open covering of the discrete topology. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 9-Jan-2020.)
⊢ 𝐶 = {𝑢 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 𝑢 = {𝑥}}    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ ∪ 𝑌 = 𝑋) → 𝐶Ref𝑌)
Theorem	dissnlocfin 23477*	The set of singletons is locally finite in the discrete topology. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 9-Jan-2020.)
⊢ 𝐶 = {𝑢 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 𝑢 = {𝑥}}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝐶 ∈ (LocFin‘𝒫 𝑋))
Theorem	locfindis 23478	The locally finite covers of a discrete space are precisely the point-finite covers. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 22-Jan-2010.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 11-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝑌 = ∪ 𝐶    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐶 ∈ (LocFin‘𝒫 𝑋) ↔ (𝐶 ∈ PtFin ∧ 𝑋 = 𝑌))
Theorem	locfincf 23479	A locally finite cover in a coarser topology is locally finite in a finer topology. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 22-Jan-2010.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 11-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐽    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐾 ∈ (TopOn‘𝑋) ∧ 𝐽 ⊆ 𝐾) → (LocFin‘𝐽) ⊆ (LocFin‘𝐾))
Theorem	comppfsc 23480*	A space where every open cover has a point-finite subcover is compact. This is significant in part because it shows half of the proposition that if only half the generalization in the definition of metacompactness (and consequently paracompactness) is performed, one does not obtain any more spaces. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 21-Jan-2010.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 11-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐽    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐽 ∈ Top → (𝐽 ∈ Comp ↔ ∀𝑐 ∈ 𝒫 𝐽(𝑋 = ∪ 𝑐 → ∃𝑑 ∈ PtFin (𝑑 ⊆ 𝑐 ∧ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝑑))))
12.1.17  Compactly generated spaces
Syntax	ckgen 23481	Extend class notation with the compact generator operation.
class 𝑘Gen
Definition	df-kgen 23482*	Define the "compact generator", the functor from topological spaces to compactly generated spaces. Also known as the k-ification operation. A set is k-open, i.e. 𝑥 ∈ (𝑘Gen‘𝑗), iff the preimage of 𝑥 is open in all compact Hausdorff spaces. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Mar-2015.)
⊢ 𝑘Gen = (𝑗 ∈ Top ↦ {𝑥 ∈ 𝒫 ∪ 𝑗 ∣ ∀𝑘 ∈ 𝒫 ∪ 𝑗((𝑗 ↾t 𝑘) ∈ Comp → (𝑥 ∩ 𝑘) ∈ (𝑗 ↾t 𝑘))})
Theorem	kgenval 23483*	Value of the compact generator. (The "k" in 𝑘Gen comes from the name "k-space" for these spaces, after the German word kompakt.) (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐽 ∈ (TopOn‘𝑋) → (𝑘Gen‘𝐽) = {𝑥 ∈ 𝒫 𝑋 ∣ ∀𝑘 ∈ 𝒫 𝑋((𝐽 ↾t 𝑘) ∈ Comp → (𝑥 ∩ 𝑘) ∈ (𝐽 ↾t 𝑘))})
Theorem	elkgen 23484*	Value of the compact generator. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐽 ∈ (TopOn‘𝑋) → (𝐴 ∈ (𝑘Gen‘𝐽) ↔ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝑋 ∧ ∀𝑘 ∈ 𝒫 𝑋((𝐽 ↾t 𝑘) ∈ Comp → (𝐴 ∩ 𝑘) ∈ (𝐽 ↾t 𝑘)))))
Theorem	kgeni 23485	Property of the open sets in the compact generator. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Mar-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ (𝑘Gen‘𝐽) ∧ (𝐽 ↾t 𝐾) ∈ Comp) → (𝐴 ∩ 𝐾) ∈ (𝐽 ↾t 𝐾))
Theorem	kgentopon 23486	The compact generator generates a topology. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 22-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝐽 ∈ (TopOn‘𝑋) → (𝑘Gen‘𝐽) ∈ (TopOn‘𝑋))
Theorem	kgenuni 23487	The base set of the compact generator is the same as the original topology. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Mar-2015.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐽    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐽 ∈ Top → 𝑋 = ∪ (𝑘Gen‘𝐽))
Theorem	kgenftop 23488	The compact generator generates a topology. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐽 ∈ Top → (𝑘Gen‘𝐽) ∈ Top)
Theorem	kgenf 23489	The compact generator is a function on topologies. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Mar-2015.)
⊢ 𝑘Gen:Top⟶Top
Theorem	kgentop 23490	A compactly generated space is a topology. (Note: henceforth we will use the idiom "𝐽 ∈ ran 𝑘Gen " to denote "𝐽 is compactly generated", since as we will show a space is compactly generated iff it is in the range of the compact generator.) (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐽 ∈ ran 𝑘Gen → 𝐽 ∈ Top)
Theorem	kgenss 23491	The compact generator generates a finer topology than the original. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐽 ∈ Top → 𝐽 ⊆ (𝑘Gen‘𝐽))
Theorem	kgenhaus 23492	The compact generator generates another Hausdorff topology given a Hausdorff topology to start from. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐽 ∈ Haus → (𝑘Gen‘𝐽) ∈ Haus)
Theorem	kgencmp 23493	The compact generator topology is the same as the original topology on compact subspaces. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Mar-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐽 ∈ Top ∧ (𝐽 ↾t 𝐾) ∈ Comp) → (𝐽 ↾t 𝐾) = ((𝑘Gen‘𝐽) ↾t 𝐾))
Theorem	kgencmp2 23494	The compact generator topology has the same compact sets as the original topology. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐽 ∈ Top → ((𝐽 ↾t 𝐾) ∈ Comp ↔ ((𝑘Gen‘𝐽) ↾t 𝐾) ∈ Comp))
Theorem	kgenidm 23495	The compact generator is idempotent on compactly generated spaces. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐽 ∈ ran 𝑘Gen → (𝑘Gen‘𝐽) = 𝐽)
Theorem	iskgen2 23496	A space is compactly generated iff it contains its image under the compact generator. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐽 ∈ ran 𝑘Gen ↔ (𝐽 ∈ Top ∧ (𝑘Gen‘𝐽) ⊆ 𝐽))
Theorem	iskgen3 23497*	Derive the usual definition of "compactly generated". A topology is compactly generated if every subset of 𝑋 that is open in every compact subset is open. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 20-Mar-2015.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐽    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐽 ∈ ran 𝑘Gen ↔ (𝐽 ∈ Top ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝒫 𝑋(∀𝑘 ∈ 𝒫 𝑋((𝐽 ↾t 𝑘) ∈ Comp → (𝑥 ∩ 𝑘) ∈ (𝐽 ↾t 𝑘)) → 𝑥 ∈ 𝐽)))
Theorem	llycmpkgen2 23498*	A locally compact space is compactly generated. (This variant of llycmpkgen 23500 uses the weaker definition of locally compact, "every point has a compact neighborhood", instead of "every point has a local base of compact neighborhoods".) (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Mar-2015.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ∪ 𝐽    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ Top)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋) → ∃𝑘 ∈ ((nei‘𝐽)‘{𝑥})(𝐽 ↾t 𝑘) ∈ Comp)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ ran 𝑘Gen)
Theorem	cmpkgen 23499	A compact space is compactly generated. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐽 ∈ Comp → 𝐽 ∈ ran 𝑘Gen)
Theorem	llycmpkgen 23500	A locally compact space is compactly generated. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 21-Mar-2015.)
⊢ (𝐽 ∈ 𝑛-Locally Comp → 𝐽 ∈ ran 𝑘Gen)