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Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 1801-1900   *Has distinct variable group(s)
TypeLabelDescription
Statement
 
1.4.2  Rule scheme ax-gen (Generalization)
 
Axiomax-gen 1801 Rule of (universal) generalization. In our axiomatization, this is the only postulated (that is, axiomatic) rule of inference of predicate calculus (together with the rule of modus ponens ax-mp 5 of propositional calculus). See, e.g., Rule 2 of [Hamilton] p. 74. This rule says that if something is unconditionally true, then it is true for all values of a variable. For example, if we have proved 𝑥 = 𝑥, then we can conclude 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥 or even 𝑦𝑥 = 𝑥. Theorem altru 1813 shows the special case 𝑥. The converse rule of inference spi 2180 (universal instantiation, or universal specialization) shows that we can also go the other way: in other words, we can add or remove universal quantifiers from the beginning of any theorem as required. Note that the closed form (𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑) need not hold (but may hold in special cases, see ax-5 1916). (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-1993.)
𝜑       𝑥𝜑
 
Theoremgen2 1802 Generalization applied twice. (Contributed by NM, 30-Apr-1998.)
𝜑       𝑥𝑦𝜑
 
Theoremmpg 1803 Modus ponens combined with generalization. (Contributed by NM, 24-May-1994.)
(∀𝑥𝜑𝜓)    &   𝜑       𝜓
 
Theoremmpgbi 1804 Modus ponens on biconditional combined with generalization. (Contributed by NM, 24-May-1994.) (Proof shortened by Stefan Allan, 28-Oct-2008.)
(∀𝑥𝜑𝜓)    &   𝜑       𝜓
 
Theoremmpgbir 1805 Modus ponens on biconditional combined with generalization. (Contributed by NM, 24-May-1994.) (Proof shortened by Stefan Allan, 28-Oct-2008.)
(𝜑 ↔ ∀𝑥𝜓)    &   𝜓       𝜑
 
Theoremnex 1806 Generalization rule for negated wff. (Contributed by NM, 18-May-1994.)
¬ 𝜑        ¬ ∃𝑥𝜑
 
Theoremnfth 1807 No variable is (effectively) free in a theorem. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 11-Aug-2016.) df-nf 1790 changed. (Revised by Wolf Lammen, 12-Sep-2021.)
𝜑       𝑥𝜑
 
Theoremnfnth 1808 No variable is (effectively) free in a non-theorem. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 6-Dec-2016.) df-nf 1790 changed. (Revised by Wolf Lammen, 12-Sep-2021.)
¬ 𝜑       𝑥𝜑
 
Theoremhbth 1809 No variable is (effectively) free in a theorem.

This and later "hypothesis-building" lemmas, with labels starting "hb...", allow us to construct proofs of formulas of the form (𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑) from smaller formulas of this form. These are useful for constructing hypotheses that state "𝑥 is (effectively) not free in 𝜑". (Contributed by NM, 11-May-1993.) This hb* idiom is generally being replaced by the nf* idiom (see nfth 1807), but keeps its interest in some cases. (Revised by BJ, 23-Sep-2022.)

𝜑       (𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑)
 
Theoremnftru 1810 The true constant has no free variables. (This can also be proven in one step with nfv 1920, but this proof does not use ax-5 1916.) (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 6-Oct-2016.)
𝑥
 
Theoremnffal 1811 The false constant has no free variables (see nftru 1810). (Contributed by BJ, 6-May-2019.)
𝑥
 
Theoremsptruw 1812 Version of sp 2179 when 𝜑 is true. Instance of a1i 11. Uses only Tarski's FOL axiom schemes. (Contributed by NM, 23-Apr-2017.)
𝜑       (∀𝑥𝜑𝜑)
 
Theoremaltru 1813 For all sets, is true. (Contributed by Anthony Hart, 13-Sep-2011.)
𝑥
 
Theoremalfal 1814 For all sets, ¬ ⊥ is true. (Contributed by Anthony Hart, 13-Sep-2011.)
𝑥 ¬ ⊥
 
1.4.3  Axiom scheme ax-4 (Quantified Implication)
 
Axiomax-4 1815 Axiom of Quantified Implication. Axiom C4 of [Monk2] p. 105 and Theorem 19.20 of [Margaris] p. 90. It is restated as alim 1816 for labeling consistency. It should be used only by alim 1816. (Contributed by NM, 21-May-2008.) Use alim 1816 instead. (New usage is discouraged.)
(∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓) → (∀𝑥𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜓))
 
Theoremalim 1816 Restatement of Axiom ax-4 1815, for labeling consistency. It should be the only theorem using ax-4 1815. (Contributed by NM, 10-Jan-1993.)
(∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓) → (∀𝑥𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜓))
 
Theoremalimi 1817 Inference quantifying both antecedent and consequent. (Contributed by NM, 5-Jan-1993.)
(𝜑𝜓)       (∀𝑥𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜓)
 
Theorem2alimi 1818 Inference doubly quantifying both antecedent and consequent. (Contributed by NM, 3-Feb-2005.)
(𝜑𝜓)       (∀𝑥𝑦𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝑦𝜓)
 
Theoremala1 1819 Add an antecedent in a universally quantified formula. (Contributed by BJ, 6-Oct-2018.)
(∀𝑥𝜑 → ∀𝑥(𝜓𝜑))
 
Theoremal2im 1820 Closed form of al2imi 1821. Version of alim 1816 for a nested implication. (Contributed by Alan Sare, 31-Dec-2011.)
(∀𝑥(𝜑 → (𝜓𝜒)) → (∀𝑥𝜑 → (∀𝑥𝜓 → ∀𝑥𝜒)))
 
Theoremal2imi 1821 Inference quantifying antecedent, nested antecedent, and consequent. (Contributed by NM, 10-Jan-1993.)
(𝜑 → (𝜓𝜒))       (∀𝑥𝜑 → (∀𝑥𝜓 → ∀𝑥𝜒))
 
Theoremalanimi 1822 Variant of al2imi 1821 with conjunctive antecedent. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 8-Jun-2011.)
((𝜑𝜓) → 𝜒)       ((∀𝑥𝜑 ∧ ∀𝑥𝜓) → ∀𝑥𝜒)
 
Theoremalimdh 1823 Deduction form of Theorem 19.20 of [Margaris] p. 90, see alim 1816. (Contributed by NM, 4-Jan-2002.)
(𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑)    &   (𝜑 → (𝜓𝜒))       (𝜑 → (∀𝑥𝜓 → ∀𝑥𝜒))
 
Theoremalbi 1824 Theorem 19.15 of [Margaris] p. 90. (Contributed by NM, 24-Jan-1993.)
(∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓) → (∀𝑥𝜑 ↔ ∀𝑥𝜓))
 
Theoremalbii 1825 Inference adding universal quantifier to both sides of an equivalence. (Contributed by NM, 7-Aug-1994.)
(𝜑𝜓)       (∀𝑥𝜑 ↔ ∀𝑥𝜓)
 
Theorem2albii 1826 Inference adding two universal quantifiers to both sides of an equivalence. (Contributed by NM, 9-Mar-1997.)
(𝜑𝜓)       (∀𝑥𝑦𝜑 ↔ ∀𝑥𝑦𝜓)
 
Theoremsylgt 1827 Closed form of sylg 1828. (Contributed by BJ, 2-May-2019.)
(∀𝑥(𝜓𝜒) → ((𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜓) → (𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜒)))
 
Theoremsylg 1828 A syllogism combined with generalization. Inference associated with sylgt 1827. General form of alrimih 1829. (Contributed by BJ, 4-Oct-2019.)
(𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜓)    &   (𝜓𝜒)       (𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜒)
 
Theoremalrimih 1829 Inference form of Theorem 19.21 of [Margaris] p. 90. See 19.21 2203 and 19.21h 2287. Instance of sylg 1828. (Contributed by NM, 9-Jan-1993.) (Revised by BJ, 31-Mar-2021.)
(𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑)    &   (𝜑𝜓)       (𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜓)
 
Theoremhbxfrbi 1830 A utility lemma to transfer a bound-variable hypothesis builder into a definition. See hbxfreq 2870 for equality version. (Contributed by Jonathan Ben-Naim, 3-Jun-2011.)
(𝜑𝜓)    &   (𝜓 → ∀𝑥𝜓)       (𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑)
 
Theoremalex 1831 Universal quantifier in terms of existential quantifier and negation. Dual of df-ex 1786. See also the dual pair alnex 1787 / exnal 1832. Theorem 19.6 of [Margaris] p. 89. (Contributed by NM, 12-Mar-1993.)
(∀𝑥𝜑 ↔ ¬ ∃𝑥 ¬ 𝜑)
 
Theoremexnal 1832 Existential quantification of negation is equivalent to negation of universal quantification. Dual of alnex 1787. See also the dual pair df-ex 1786 / alex 1831. Theorem 19.14 of [Margaris] p. 90. (Contributed by NM, 12-Mar-1993.)
(∃𝑥 ¬ 𝜑 ↔ ¬ ∀𝑥𝜑)
 
Theorem2nalexn 1833 Part of theorem *11.5 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 164. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 24-May-2011.)
(¬ ∀𝑥𝑦𝜑 ↔ ∃𝑥𝑦 ¬ 𝜑)
 
Theorem2exnaln 1834 Theorem *11.22 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 160. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 24-May-2011.)
(∃𝑥𝑦𝜑 ↔ ¬ ∀𝑥𝑦 ¬ 𝜑)
 
Theorem2nexaln 1835 Theorem *11.25 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 160. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 24-May-2011.)
(¬ ∃𝑥𝑦𝜑 ↔ ∀𝑥𝑦 ¬ 𝜑)
 
Theoremalimex 1836 An equivalence between an implication with a universally quantified consequent and an implication with an existentially quantified antecedent. An interesting case is when the same formula is substituted for both 𝜑 and 𝜓, since then both implications express a type of nonfreeness. See also eximal 1788. (Contributed by BJ, 12-May-2019.)
((𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜓) ↔ (∃𝑥 ¬ 𝜓 → ¬ 𝜑))
 
Theoremaleximi 1837 A variant of al2imi 1821: instead of applying 𝑥 quantifiers to the final implication, replace them with 𝑥. A shorter proof is possible using nfa1 2151, sps 2181 and eximd 2212, but it depends on more axioms. (Contributed by Wolf Lammen, 18-Aug-2019.)
(𝜑 → (𝜓𝜒))       (∀𝑥𝜑 → (∃𝑥𝜓 → ∃𝑥𝜒))
 
Theoremalexbii 1838 Biconditional form of aleximi 1837. (Contributed by BJ, 16-Nov-2020.)
(𝜑 → (𝜓𝜒))       (∀𝑥𝜑 → (∃𝑥𝜓 ↔ ∃𝑥𝜒))
 
Theoremexim 1839 Theorem 19.22 of [Margaris] p. 90. (Contributed by NM, 10-Jan-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 4-Jul-2014.)
(∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓) → (∃𝑥𝜑 → ∃𝑥𝜓))
 
Theoremeximi 1840 Inference adding existential quantifier to antecedent and consequent. (Contributed by NM, 10-Jan-1993.)
(𝜑𝜓)       (∃𝑥𝜑 → ∃𝑥𝜓)
 
Theorem2eximi 1841 Inference adding two existential quantifiers to antecedent and consequent. (Contributed by NM, 3-Feb-2005.)
(𝜑𝜓)       (∃𝑥𝑦𝜑 → ∃𝑥𝑦𝜓)
 
Theoremeximii 1842 Inference associated with eximi 1840. (Contributed by BJ, 3-Feb-2018.)
𝑥𝜑    &   (𝜑𝜓)       𝑥𝜓
 
Theoremexa1 1843 Add an antecedent in an existentially quantified formula. (Contributed by BJ, 6-Oct-2018.)
(∃𝑥𝜑 → ∃𝑥(𝜓𝜑))
 
Theorem19.38 1844 Theorem 19.38 of [Margaris] p. 90. The converse holds under nonfreeness conditions, see 19.38a 1845 and 19.38b 1846. (Contributed by NM, 12-Mar-1993.) Allow a shortening of 19.21t 2202. (Revised by Wolf Lammen, 2-Jan-2018.)
((∃𝑥𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜓) → ∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓))
 
Theorem19.38a 1845 Under a nonfreeness hypothesis, the implication 19.38 1844 can be strengthened to an equivalence. See also 19.38b 1846. (Contributed by BJ, 3-Nov-2021.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 9-Jul-2022.)
(Ⅎ𝑥𝜑 → ((∃𝑥𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜓) ↔ ∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓)))
 
Theorem19.38b 1846 Under a nonfreeness hypothesis, the implication 19.38 1844 can be strengthened to an equivalence. See also 19.38a 1845. (Contributed by BJ, 3-Nov-2021.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 9-Jul-2022.)
(Ⅎ𝑥𝜓 → ((∃𝑥𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜓) ↔ ∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓)))
 
Theoremimnang 1847 Quantified implication in terms of quantified negation of conjunction. (Contributed by BJ, 16-Jul-2021.)
(∀𝑥(𝜑 → ¬ 𝜓) ↔ ∀𝑥 ¬ (𝜑𝜓))
 
Theoremalinexa 1848 A transformation of quantifiers and logical connectives. (Contributed by NM, 19-Aug-1993.)
(∀𝑥(𝜑 → ¬ 𝜓) ↔ ¬ ∃𝑥(𝜑𝜓))
 
Theoremexnalimn 1849 Existential quantification of a conjunction expressed with only primitive symbols (, ¬, ). (Contributed by NM, 10-May-1993.) State the most general instance. (Revised by BJ, 29-Sep-2019.)
(∃𝑥(𝜑𝜓) ↔ ¬ ∀𝑥(𝜑 → ¬ 𝜓))
 
Theoremalexn 1850 A relationship between two quantifiers and negation. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-1993.)
(∀𝑥𝑦 ¬ 𝜑 ↔ ¬ ∃𝑥𝑦𝜑)
 
Theorem2exnexn 1851 Theorem *11.51 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 164. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 24-May-2011.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 25-Sep-2014.)
(∃𝑥𝑦𝜑 ↔ ¬ ∀𝑥𝑦 ¬ 𝜑)
 
Theoremexbi 1852 Theorem 19.18 of [Margaris] p. 90. (Contributed by NM, 12-Mar-1993.)
(∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓) → (∃𝑥𝜑 ↔ ∃𝑥𝜓))
 
Theoremexbii 1853 Inference adding existential quantifier to both sides of an equivalence. (Contributed by NM, 24-May-1994.)
(𝜑𝜓)       (∃𝑥𝜑 ↔ ∃𝑥𝜓)
 
Theorem2exbii 1854 Inference adding two existential quantifiers to both sides of an equivalence. (Contributed by NM, 16-Mar-1995.)
(𝜑𝜓)       (∃𝑥𝑦𝜑 ↔ ∃𝑥𝑦𝜓)
 
Theorem3exbii 1855 Inference adding three existential quantifiers to both sides of an equivalence. (Contributed by NM, 2-May-1995.)
(𝜑𝜓)       (∃𝑥𝑦𝑧𝜑 ↔ ∃𝑥𝑦𝑧𝜓)
 
Theoremnfbiit 1856 Equivalence theorem for the nonfreeness predicate. Closed form of nfbii 1857. (Contributed by Giovanni Mascellani, 10-Apr-2018.) Reduce axiom usage. (Revised by BJ, 6-May-2019.)
(∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓) → (Ⅎ𝑥𝜑 ↔ Ⅎ𝑥𝜓))
 
Theoremnfbii 1857 Equality theorem for the nonfreeness predicate. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 11-Aug-2016.) df-nf 1790 changed. (Revised by Wolf Lammen, 12-Sep-2021.)
(𝜑𝜓)       (Ⅎ𝑥𝜑 ↔ Ⅎ𝑥𝜓)
 
Theoremnfxfr 1858 A utility lemma to transfer a bound-variable hypothesis builder into a definition. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 11-Aug-2016.)
(𝜑𝜓)    &   𝑥𝜓       𝑥𝜑
 
Theoremnfxfrd 1859 A utility lemma to transfer a bound-variable hypothesis builder into a definition. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Sep-2016.)
(𝜑𝜓)    &   (𝜒 → Ⅎ𝑥𝜓)       (𝜒 → Ⅎ𝑥𝜑)
 
Theoremnfnbi 1860 A variable is nonfree in a proposition if and only if it is so in its negation. (Contributed by BJ, 6-May-2019.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 6-Oct-2024.)
(Ⅎ𝑥𝜑 ↔ Ⅎ𝑥 ¬ 𝜑)
 
TheoremnfnbiOLD 1861 Obsolete version of nfnbi 1860 as of 6-Oct-2024. (Contributed by BJ, 6-May-2019.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
(Ⅎ𝑥𝜑 ↔ Ⅎ𝑥 ¬ 𝜑)
 
Theoremnfnt 1862 If a variable is nonfree in a proposition, then it is nonfree in its negation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Sep-2016.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 28-Dec-2017.) (Revised by BJ, 24-Jul-2019.) df-nf 1790 changed. (Revised by Wolf Lammen, 4-Oct-2021.)
(Ⅎ𝑥𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥 ¬ 𝜑)
 
Theoremnfn 1863 Inference associated with nfnt 1862. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 11-Aug-2016.) df-nf 1790 changed. (Revised by Wolf Lammen, 18-Sep-2021.)
𝑥𝜑       𝑥 ¬ 𝜑
 
Theoremnfnd 1864 Deduction associated with nfnt 1862. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Sep-2016.)
(𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥𝜓)       (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥 ¬ 𝜓)
 
Theoremexanali 1865 A transformation of quantifiers and logical connectives. (Contributed by NM, 25-Mar-1996.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 4-Sep-2014.)
(∃𝑥(𝜑 ∧ ¬ 𝜓) ↔ ¬ ∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓))
 
Theorem2exanali 1866 Theorem *11.521 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 164. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 24-May-2011.)
(¬ ∃𝑥𝑦(𝜑 ∧ ¬ 𝜓) ↔ ∀𝑥𝑦(𝜑𝜓))
 
Theoremexancom 1867 Commutation of conjunction inside an existential quantifier. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-1993.)
(∃𝑥(𝜑𝜓) ↔ ∃𝑥(𝜓𝜑))
 
Theoremexan 1868 Place a conjunct in the scope of an existential quantifier. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-1993.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 25-May-2011.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 13-Jan-2018.) Reduce axiom dependencies. (Revised by BJ, 7-Jul-2021.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 6-Nov-2022.) Expand hypothesis. (Revised by Steven Nguyen, 19-Jun-2023.)
𝑥𝜑    &   𝜓       𝑥(𝜑𝜓)
 
Theoremalrimdh 1869 Deduction form of Theorem 19.21 of [Margaris] p. 90, see 19.21 2203 and 19.21h 2287. (Contributed by NM, 10-Feb-1997.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 13-May-2011.)
(𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑)    &   (𝜓 → ∀𝑥𝜓)    &   (𝜑 → (𝜓𝜒))       (𝜑 → (𝜓 → ∀𝑥𝜒))
 
Theoremeximdh 1870 Deduction from Theorem 19.22 of [Margaris] p. 90. (Contributed by NM, 20-May-1996.)
(𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑)    &   (𝜑 → (𝜓𝜒))       (𝜑 → (∃𝑥𝜓 → ∃𝑥𝜒))
 
Theoremnexdh 1871 Deduction for generalization rule for negated wff. (Contributed by NM, 2-Jan-2002.)
(𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑)    &   (𝜑 → ¬ 𝜓)       (𝜑 → ¬ ∃𝑥𝜓)
 
Theoremalbidh 1872 Formula-building rule for universal quantifier (deduction form). (Contributed by NM, 26-May-1993.)
(𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑)    &   (𝜑 → (𝜓𝜒))       (𝜑 → (∀𝑥𝜓 ↔ ∀𝑥𝜒))
 
Theoremexbidh 1873 Formula-building rule for existential quantifier (deduction form). (Contributed by NM, 26-May-1993.)
(𝜑 → ∀𝑥𝜑)    &   (𝜑 → (𝜓𝜒))       (𝜑 → (∃𝑥𝜓 ↔ ∃𝑥𝜒))
 
Theoremexsimpl 1874 Simplification of an existentially quantified conjunction. (Contributed by Rodolfo Medina, 25-Sep-2010.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 29-Jun-2011.)
(∃𝑥(𝜑𝜓) → ∃𝑥𝜑)
 
Theoremexsimpr 1875 Simplification of an existentially quantified conjunction. (Contributed by Rodolfo Medina, 25-Sep-2010.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 29-Jun-2011.)
(∃𝑥(𝜑𝜓) → ∃𝑥𝜓)
 
Theorem19.26 1876 Theorem 19.26 of [Margaris] p. 90. Also Theorem *10.22 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 147. (Contributed by NM, 12-Mar-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 4-Jul-2014.)
(∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓) ↔ (∀𝑥𝜑 ∧ ∀𝑥𝜓))
 
Theorem19.26-2 1877 Theorem 19.26 1876 with two quantifiers. (Contributed by NM, 3-Feb-2005.)
(∀𝑥𝑦(𝜑𝜓) ↔ (∀𝑥𝑦𝜑 ∧ ∀𝑥𝑦𝜓))
 
Theorem19.26-3an 1878 Theorem 19.26 1876 with triple conjunction. (Contributed by NM, 13-Sep-2011.)
(∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓𝜒) ↔ (∀𝑥𝜑 ∧ ∀𝑥𝜓 ∧ ∀𝑥𝜒))
 
Theorem19.29 1879 Theorem 19.29 of [Margaris] p. 90. See also 19.29r 1880. (Contributed by NM, 21-Jun-1993.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 13-May-2011.)
((∀𝑥𝜑 ∧ ∃𝑥𝜓) → ∃𝑥(𝜑𝜓))
 
Theorem19.29r 1880 Variation of 19.29 1879. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 12-Nov-2020.)
((∃𝑥𝜑 ∧ ∀𝑥𝜓) → ∃𝑥(𝜑𝜓))
 
Theorem19.29r2 1881 Variation of 19.29r 1880 with double quantification. (Contributed by NM, 3-Feb-2005.)
((∃𝑥𝑦𝜑 ∧ ∀𝑥𝑦𝜓) → ∃𝑥𝑦(𝜑𝜓))
 
Theorem19.29x 1882 Variation of 19.29 1879 with mixed quantification. (Contributed by NM, 11-Feb-2005.)
((∃𝑥𝑦𝜑 ∧ ∀𝑥𝑦𝜓) → ∃𝑥𝑦(𝜑𝜓))
 
Theorem19.35 1883 Theorem 19.35 of [Margaris] p. 90. This theorem is useful for moving an implication (in the form of the right-hand side) into the scope of a single existential quantifier. (Contributed by NM, 12-Mar-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 27-Jun-2014.)
(∃𝑥(𝜑𝜓) ↔ (∀𝑥𝜑 → ∃𝑥𝜓))
 
Theorem19.35i 1884 Inference associated with 19.35 1883. (Contributed by NM, 21-Jun-1993.)
𝑥(𝜑𝜓)       (∀𝑥𝜑 → ∃𝑥𝜓)
 
Theorem19.35ri 1885 Inference associated with 19.35 1883. (Contributed by NM, 12-Mar-1993.)
(∀𝑥𝜑 → ∃𝑥𝜓)       𝑥(𝜑𝜓)
 
Theorem19.25 1886 Theorem 19.25 of [Margaris] p. 90. (Contributed by NM, 12-Mar-1993.)
(∀𝑦𝑥(𝜑𝜓) → (∃𝑦𝑥𝜑 → ∃𝑦𝑥𝜓))
 
Theorem19.30 1887 Theorem 19.30 of [Margaris] p. 90. (Contributed by NM, 12-Mar-1993.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 25-May-2011.)
(∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓) → (∀𝑥𝜑 ∨ ∃𝑥𝜓))
 
Theorem19.43 1888 Theorem 19.43 of [Margaris] p. 90. (Contributed by NM, 12-Mar-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 27-Jun-2014.)
(∃𝑥(𝜑𝜓) ↔ (∃𝑥𝜑 ∨ ∃𝑥𝜓))
 
Theorem19.43OLD 1889 Obsolete proof of 19.43 1888. Do not delete as it is referenced on the mmrecent.html 1888 page and in conventions-labels 28744. (Contributed by NM, 5-Aug-1993.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
(∃𝑥(𝜑𝜓) ↔ (∃𝑥𝜑 ∨ ∃𝑥𝜓))
 
Theorem19.33 1890 Theorem 19.33 of [Margaris] p. 90. (Contributed by NM, 12-Mar-1993.)
((∀𝑥𝜑 ∨ ∀𝑥𝜓) → ∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓))
 
Theorem19.33b 1891 The antecedent provides a condition implying the converse of 19.33 1890. (Contributed by NM, 27-Mar-2004.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 25-May-2011.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 5-Jul-2014.)
(¬ (∃𝑥𝜑 ∧ ∃𝑥𝜓) → (∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓) ↔ (∀𝑥𝜑 ∨ ∀𝑥𝜓)))
 
Theorem19.40 1892 Theorem 19.40 of [Margaris] p. 90. (Contributed by NM, 26-May-1993.)
(∃𝑥(𝜑𝜓) → (∃𝑥𝜑 ∧ ∃𝑥𝜓))
 
Theorem19.40-2 1893 Theorem *11.42 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 163. Theorem 19.40 of [Margaris] p. 90 with two quantifiers. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 24-May-2011.)
(∃𝑥𝑦(𝜑𝜓) → (∃𝑥𝑦𝜑 ∧ ∃𝑥𝑦𝜓))
 
Theorem19.40b 1894 The antecedent provides a condition implying the converse of 19.40 1892. This is to 19.40 1892 what 19.33b 1891 is to 19.33 1890. (Contributed by BJ, 6-May-2019.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 13-Nov-2020.)
((∀𝑥𝜑 ∨ ∀𝑥𝜓) → ((∃𝑥𝜑 ∧ ∃𝑥𝜓) ↔ ∃𝑥(𝜑𝜓)))
 
Theoremalbiim 1895 Split a biconditional and distribute quantifier. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-1993.)
(∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓) ↔ (∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓) ∧ ∀𝑥(𝜓𝜑)))
 
Theorem2albiim 1896 Split a biconditional and distribute two quantifiers. (Contributed by NM, 3-Feb-2005.)
(∀𝑥𝑦(𝜑𝜓) ↔ (∀𝑥𝑦(𝜑𝜓) ∧ ∀𝑥𝑦(𝜓𝜑)))
 
Theoremexintrbi 1897 Add/remove a conjunct in the scope of an existential quantifier. (Contributed by Raph Levien, 3-Jul-2006.)
(∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓) → (∃𝑥𝜑 ↔ ∃𝑥(𝜑𝜓)))
 
Theoremexintr 1898 Introduce a conjunct in the scope of an existential quantifier. (Contributed by NM, 11-Aug-1993.) (Proof shortened by BJ, 16-Sep-2022.)
(∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓) → (∃𝑥𝜑 → ∃𝑥(𝜑𝜓)))
 
Theoremalsyl 1899 Universally quantified and uncurried (imported) form of syllogism. Theorem *10.3 in [WhiteheadRussell] p. 150. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 8-Jun-2011.)
((∀𝑥(𝜑𝜓) ∧ ∀𝑥(𝜓𝜒)) → ∀𝑥(𝜑𝜒))
 
Theoremnfimd 1900 If in a context 𝑥 is not free in 𝜓 and 𝜒, then it is not free in (𝜓𝜒). Deduction form of nfim 1902. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Sep-2016.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 30-Dec-2017.) df-nf 1790 changed. (Revised by Wolf Lammen, 18-Sep-2021.) Eliminate curried form of nfimt 1901. (Revised by Wolf Lammen, 10-Jul-2022.)
(𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥𝜓)    &   (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥𝜒)       (𝜑 → Ⅎ𝑥(𝜓𝜒))
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