P. 126 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 12501-12600   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	elnn0z 12501	Nonnegative integer property expressed in terms of integers. (Contributed by NM, 9-May-2004.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ↔ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 0 ≤ 𝑁))
Theorem	elznn0nn 12502	Integer property expressed in terms nonnegative integers and positive integers. (Contributed by NM, 10-May-2004.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ ↔ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∨ (𝑁 ∈ ℝ ∧ -𝑁 ∈ ℕ)))
Theorem	elznn0 12503	Integer property expressed in terms of nonnegative integers. (Contributed by NM, 9-May-2004.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ ↔ (𝑁 ∈ ℝ ∧ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∨ -𝑁 ∈ ℕ0)))
Theorem	elznn 12504	Integer property expressed in terms of positive integers and nonnegative integers. (Contributed by NM, 12-Jul-2005.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ ↔ (𝑁 ∈ ℝ ∧ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∨ -𝑁 ∈ ℕ0)))
Theorem	zle0orge1 12505	There is no integer in the open unit interval, i.e., an integer is either less than or equal to 0 or greater than or equal to 1. (Contributed by AV, 4-Jun-2023.)
⊢ (𝑍 ∈ ℤ → (𝑍 ≤ 0 ∨ 1 ≤ 𝑍))
Theorem	elz2 12506*	Membership in the set of integers. Commonly used in constructions of the integers as equivalence classes under subtraction of the positive integers. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 16-May-2014.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ ℕ ∃𝑦 ∈ ℕ 𝑁 = (𝑥 − 𝑦))
Theorem	dfz2 12507	Alternative definition of the integers, based on elz2 12506. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 16-May-2014.)
⊢ ℤ = ( − “ (ℕ × ℕ))
Theorem	zexALT 12508	Alternate proof of zex 12497. (Contributed by NM, 30-Jul-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 16-May-2014.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ ℤ ∈ V
Theorem	nnz 12509	A positive integer is an integer. (Contributed by NM, 9-May-2004.) Reduce dependencies on axioms. (Revised by Steven Nguyen, 29-Nov-2022.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → 𝑁 ∈ ℤ)
Theorem	nnssz 12510	Positive integers are a subset of integers. (Contributed by NM, 9-Jan-2002.)
⊢ ℕ ⊆ ℤ
Theorem	nn0ssz 12511	Nonnegative integers are a subset of the integers. (Contributed by NM, 9-May-2004.)
⊢ ℕ0 ⊆ ℤ
Theorem	nn0z 12512	A nonnegative integer is an integer. (Contributed by NM, 9-May-2004.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → 𝑁 ∈ ℤ)
Theorem	nn0zd 12513	A nonnegative integer is an integer. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℕ0)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℤ)
Theorem	nnzd 12514	A positive integer is an integer. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℕ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℤ)
Theorem	nnzi 12515	A positive integer is an integer. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ
Theorem	nn0zi 12516	A nonnegative integer is an integer. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ
Theorem	elnnz1 12517	Positive integer property expressed in terms of integers. (Contributed by NM, 10-May-2004.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 16-May-2014.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ ↔ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 1 ≤ 𝑁))
Theorem	znnnlt1 12518	An integer is not a positive integer iff it is less than one. (Contributed by NM, 13-Jul-2005.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ → (¬ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ ↔ 𝑁 < 1))
Theorem	nnzrab 12519	Positive integers expressed as a subset of integers. (Contributed by NM, 3-Oct-2004.)
⊢ ℕ = {𝑥 ∈ ℤ ∣ 1 ≤ 𝑥}
Theorem	nn0zrab 12520	Nonnegative integers expressed as a subset of integers. (Contributed by NM, 3-Oct-2004.)
⊢ ℕ0 = {𝑥 ∈ ℤ ∣ 0 ≤ 𝑥}
Theorem	1z 12521	One is an integer. (Contributed by NM, 10-May-2004.)
⊢ 1 ∈ ℤ
Theorem	1zzd 12522	One is an integer, deduction form. (Contributed by David A. Wheeler, 6-Dec-2018.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 1 ∈ ℤ)
Theorem	2z 12523	2 is an integer. (Contributed by NM, 10-May-2004.)
⊢ 2 ∈ ℤ
Theorem	3z 12524	3 is an integer. (Contributed by David A. Wheeler, 8-Dec-2018.)
⊢ 3 ∈ ℤ
Theorem	4z 12525	4 is an integer. (Contributed by BJ, 26-Mar-2020.)
⊢ 4 ∈ ℤ
Theorem	znegcl 12526	Closure law for negative integers. (Contributed by NM, 9-May-2004.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ → -𝑁 ∈ ℤ)
Theorem	neg1z 12527	-1 is an integer. (Contributed by David A. Wheeler, 5-Dec-2018.)
⊢ -1 ∈ ℤ
Theorem	znegclb 12528	A complex number is an integer iff its negative is. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 13-Sep-2014.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (𝐴 ∈ ℤ ↔ -𝐴 ∈ ℤ))
Theorem	nn0negz 12529	The negative of a nonnegative integer is an integer. (Contributed by NM, 9-May-2004.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → -𝑁 ∈ ℤ)
Theorem	nn0negzi 12530	The negative of a nonnegative integer is an integer. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 18-Feb-2014.)
⊢ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0    ⇒   ⊢ -𝑁 ∈ ℤ
Theorem	zaddcl 12531	Closure of addition of integers. (Contributed by NM, 9-May-2004.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 16-May-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑀 + 𝑁) ∈ ℤ)
Theorem	peano2z 12532	Second Peano postulate generalized to integers. (Contributed by NM, 13-Feb-2005.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ → (𝑁 + 1) ∈ ℤ)
Theorem	zsubcl 12533	Closure of subtraction of integers. (Contributed by NM, 11-May-2004.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑀 − 𝑁) ∈ ℤ)
Theorem	peano2zm 12534	"Reverse" second Peano postulate for integers. (Contributed by NM, 12-Sep-2005.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ → (𝑁 − 1) ∈ ℤ)
Theorem	zletr 12535	Transitive law of ordering for integers. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 3-Apr-2018.)
⊢ ((𝐽 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐾 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐿 ∈ ℤ) → ((𝐽 ≤ 𝐾 ∧ 𝐾 ≤ 𝐿) → 𝐽 ≤ 𝐿))
Theorem	zrevaddcl 12536	Reverse closure law for addition of integers. (Contributed by NM, 11-May-2004.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ → ((𝑀 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝑀 + 𝑁) ∈ ℤ) ↔ 𝑀 ∈ ℤ))
Theorem	znnsub 12537	The positive difference of unequal integers is a positive integer. (Generalization of nnsub 12189.) (Contributed by NM, 11-May-2004.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑀 < 𝑁 ↔ (𝑁 − 𝑀) ∈ ℕ))
Theorem	znn0sub 12538	The nonnegative difference of integers is a nonnegative integer. (Generalization of nn0sub 12451.) (Contributed by NM, 14-Jul-2005.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑀 ≤ 𝑁 ↔ (𝑁 − 𝑀) ∈ ℕ0))
Theorem	nzadd 12539	The sum of a real number not being an integer and an integer is not an integer. (Contributed by AV, 19-Jul-2021.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℤ) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ) → (𝐴 + 𝐵) ∈ (ℝ ∖ ℤ))
Theorem	zmulcl 12540	Closure of multiplication of integers. (Contributed by NM, 30-Jul-2004.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑀 · 𝑁) ∈ ℤ)
Theorem	zltp1le 12541	Integer ordering relation. (Contributed by NM, 10-May-2004.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 16-May-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑀 < 𝑁 ↔ (𝑀 + 1) ≤ 𝑁))
Theorem	zleltp1 12542	Integer ordering relation. (Contributed by NM, 10-May-2004.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑀 ≤ 𝑁 ↔ 𝑀 < (𝑁 + 1)))
Theorem	zlem1lt 12543	Integer ordering relation. (Contributed by NM, 13-Nov-2004.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑀 ≤ 𝑁 ↔ (𝑀 − 1) < 𝑁))
Theorem	zltlem1 12544	Integer ordering relation. (Contributed by NM, 13-Nov-2004.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑀 < 𝑁 ↔ 𝑀 ≤ (𝑁 − 1)))
Theorem	zltlem1d 12545	Integer ordering relation, a deduction version. (Contributed by metakunt, 23-May-2024.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℤ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑀 < 𝑁 ↔ 𝑀 ≤ (𝑁 − 1)))
Theorem	zgt0ge1 12546	An integer greater than 0 is greater than or equal to 1. (Contributed by AV, 14-Oct-2018.)
⊢ (𝑍 ∈ ℤ → (0 < 𝑍 ↔ 1 ≤ 𝑍))
Theorem	nnleltp1 12547	Positive integer ordering relation. (Contributed by NM, 13-Aug-2001.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 16-May-2014.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐴 ≤ 𝐵 ↔ 𝐴 < (𝐵 + 1)))
Theorem	nnltp1le 12548	Positive integer ordering relation. (Contributed by NM, 19-Aug-2001.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ) → (𝐴 < 𝐵 ↔ (𝐴 + 1) ≤ 𝐵))
Theorem	nnaddm1cl 12549	Closure of addition of positive integers minus one. (Contributed by NM, 6-Aug-2003.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 16-May-2014.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝐴 + 𝐵) − 1) ∈ ℕ)
Theorem	nn0ltp1le 12550	Nonnegative integer ordering relation. (Contributed by Raph Levien, 10-Dec-2002.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 16-May-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝑀 < 𝑁 ↔ (𝑀 + 1) ≤ 𝑁))
Theorem	nn0leltp1 12551	Nonnegative integer ordering relation. (Contributed by Raph Levien, 10-Apr-2004.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝑀 ≤ 𝑁 ↔ 𝑀 < (𝑁 + 1)))
Theorem	nn0ltlem1 12552	Nonnegative integer ordering relation. (Contributed by NM, 10-May-2004.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 16-May-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝑀 < 𝑁 ↔ 𝑀 ≤ (𝑁 − 1)))
Theorem	nn0sub2 12553	Subtraction of nonnegative integers. (Contributed by NM, 4-Sep-2005.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑀 ≤ 𝑁) → (𝑁 − 𝑀) ∈ ℕ0)
Theorem	nn0lt10b 12554	A nonnegative integer less than 1 is 0. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 22-Jun-2011.) (Proof shortened by OpenAI, 25-Mar-2020.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → (𝑁 < 1 ↔ 𝑁 = 0))
Theorem	nn0lt2 12555	A nonnegative integer less than 2 must be 0 or 1. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 16-Sep-2018.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑁 < 2) → (𝑁 = 0 ∨ 𝑁 = 1))
Theorem	nn0le2is012 12556	A nonnegative integer which is less than or equal to 2 is either 0 or 1 or 2. (Contributed by AV, 16-Mar-2019.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑁 ≤ 2) → (𝑁 = 0 ∨ 𝑁 = 1 ∨ 𝑁 = 2))
Theorem	nn0lem1lt 12557	Nonnegative integer ordering relation. (Contributed by NM, 21-Jun-2005.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0) → (𝑀 ≤ 𝑁 ↔ (𝑀 − 1) < 𝑁))
Theorem	nnlem1lt 12558	Positive integer ordering relation. (Contributed by NM, 21-Jun-2005.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) → (𝑀 ≤ 𝑁 ↔ (𝑀 − 1) < 𝑁))
Theorem	nnltlem1 12559	Positive integer ordering relation. (Contributed by NM, 21-Jun-2005.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) → (𝑀 < 𝑁 ↔ 𝑀 ≤ (𝑁 − 1)))
Theorem	nnm1ge0 12560	A positive integer decreased by 1 is greater than or equal to 0. (Contributed by AV, 30-Oct-2018.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → 0 ≤ (𝑁 − 1))
Theorem	nn0ge0div 12561	Division of a nonnegative integer by a positive number is not negative. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 14-Apr-2018.)
⊢ ((𝐾 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝐿 ∈ ℕ) → 0 ≤ (𝐾 / 𝐿))
Theorem	zdiv 12562*	Two ways to express "𝑀 divides 𝑁". (Contributed by NM, 3-Oct-2008.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) → (∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑀 · 𝑘) = 𝑁 ↔ (𝑁 / 𝑀) ∈ ℤ))
Theorem	zdivadd 12563	Property of divisibility: if 𝐷 divides 𝐴 and 𝐵 then it divides 𝐴 + 𝐵. (Contributed by NM, 3-Oct-2008.)
⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ) ∧ ((𝐴 / 𝐷) ∈ ℤ ∧ (𝐵 / 𝐷) ∈ ℤ)) → ((𝐴 + 𝐵) / 𝐷) ∈ ℤ)
Theorem	zdivmul 12564	Property of divisibility: if 𝐷 divides 𝐴 then it divides 𝐵 · 𝐴. (Contributed by NM, 3-Oct-2008.)
⊢ (((𝐷 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ) ∧ (𝐴 / 𝐷) ∈ ℤ) → ((𝐵 · 𝐴) / 𝐷) ∈ ℤ)
Theorem	zextle 12565*	An extensionality-like property for integer ordering. (Contributed by NM, 29-Oct-2005.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ ∀𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑘 ≤ 𝑀 ↔ 𝑘 ≤ 𝑁)) → 𝑀 = 𝑁)
Theorem	zextlt 12566*	An extensionality-like property for integer ordering. (Contributed by NM, 29-Oct-2005.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ ∀𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑘 < 𝑀 ↔ 𝑘 < 𝑁)) → 𝑀 = 𝑁)
Theorem	recnz 12567	The reciprocal of a number greater than 1 is not an integer. (Contributed by NM, 3-May-2005.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℝ ∧ 1 < 𝐴) → ¬ (1 / 𝐴) ∈ ℤ)
Theorem	btwnnz 12568	A number between an integer and its successor is not an integer. (Contributed by NM, 3-May-2005.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐴 < 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 < (𝐴 + 1)) → ¬ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ)
Theorem	gtndiv 12569	A larger number does not divide a smaller positive integer. (Contributed by NM, 3-May-2005.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐵 < 𝐴) → ¬ (𝐵 / 𝐴) ∈ ℤ)
Theorem	halfnz 12570	One-half is not an integer. (Contributed by NM, 31-Jul-2004.)
⊢ ¬ (1 / 2) ∈ ℤ
Theorem	3halfnz 12571	Three halves is not an integer. (Contributed by AV, 2-Jun-2020.)
⊢ ¬ (3 / 2) ∈ ℤ
Theorem	suprzcl 12572*	The supremum of a bounded-above set of integers is a member of the set. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 21-Mar-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jun-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ⊆ ℤ ∧ 𝐴 ≠ ∅ ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 𝑦 ≤ 𝑥) → sup(𝐴, ℝ, < ) ∈ 𝐴)
Theorem	prime 12573*	Two ways to express "𝐴 is a prime number (or 1)". See also isprm 16600. (Contributed by NM, 4-May-2005.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℕ → (∀𝑥 ∈ ℕ ((𝐴 / 𝑥) ∈ ℕ → (𝑥 = 1 ∨ 𝑥 = 𝐴)) ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℕ ((1 < 𝑥 ∧ 𝑥 ≤ 𝐴 ∧ (𝐴 / 𝑥) ∈ ℕ) → 𝑥 = 𝐴)))
Theorem	msqznn 12574	The square of a nonzero integer is a positive integer. (Contributed by NM, 2-Aug-2004.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 0) → (𝐴 · 𝐴) ∈ ℕ)
Theorem	zneo 12575	No even integer equals an odd integer (i.e. no integer can be both even and odd). Exercise 10(a) of [Apostol] p. 28. (Contributed by NM, 31-Jul-2004.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 18-May-2014.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℤ) → (2 · 𝐴) ≠ ((2 · 𝐵) + 1))
Theorem	nneo 12576	A positive integer is even or odd but not both. (Contributed by NM, 1-Jan-2006.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 18-May-2014.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → ((𝑁 / 2) ∈ ℕ ↔ ¬ ((𝑁 + 1) / 2) ∈ ℕ))
Theorem	nneoi 12577	A positive integer is even or odd but not both. (Contributed by NM, 20-Aug-2001.)
⊢ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑁 / 2) ∈ ℕ ↔ ¬ ((𝑁 + 1) / 2) ∈ ℕ)
Theorem	zeo 12578	An integer is even or odd. (Contributed by NM, 1-Jan-2006.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ → ((𝑁 / 2) ∈ ℤ ∨ ((𝑁 + 1) / 2) ∈ ℤ))
Theorem	zeo2 12579	An integer is even or odd but not both. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ → ((𝑁 / 2) ∈ ℤ ↔ ¬ ((𝑁 + 1) / 2) ∈ ℤ))
Theorem	peano2uz2 12580*	Second Peano postulate for upper integers. (Contributed by NM, 3-Oct-2004.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐵 ∈ {𝑥 ∈ ℤ ∣ 𝐴 ≤ 𝑥}) → (𝐵 + 1) ∈ {𝑥 ∈ ℤ ∣ 𝐴 ≤ 𝑥})
Theorem	peano5uzi 12581*	Peano's inductive postulate for upper integers. (Contributed by NM, 6-Jul-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-May-2014.)
⊢ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥 + 1) ∈ 𝐴) → {𝑘 ∈ ℤ ∣ 𝑁 ≤ 𝑘} ⊆ 𝐴)
Theorem	peano5uzti 12582*	Peano's inductive postulate for upper integers. (Contributed by NM, 6-Jul-2005.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 25-Jul-2013.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ → ((𝑁 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥 + 1) ∈ 𝐴) → {𝑘 ∈ ℤ ∣ 𝑁 ≤ 𝑘} ⊆ 𝐴))
Theorem	dfuzi 12583*	An expression for the upper integers that start at 𝑁 that is analogous to dfnn2 12158 for positive integers. (Contributed by NM, 6-Jul-2005.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 3-May-2014.)
⊢ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ    ⇒   ⊢ {𝑧 ∈ ℤ ∣ 𝑁 ≤ 𝑧} = ∩ {𝑥 ∣ (𝑁 ∈ 𝑥 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑦 + 1) ∈ 𝑥)}
Theorem	uzind 12584*	Induction on the upper integers that start at 𝑀. The first four hypotheses give us the substitution instances we need; the last two are the basis and the induction step. (Contributed by NM, 5-Jul-2005.)
⊢ (𝑗 = 𝑀 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑗 = 𝑘 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑗 = (𝑘 + 1) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑗 = 𝑁 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ (𝑀 ∈ ℤ → 𝜓)    &   ⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑀 ≤ 𝑘) → (𝜒 → 𝜃))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑀 ≤ 𝑁) → 𝜏)
Theorem	uzind2 12585*	Induction on the upper integers that start after an integer 𝑀. The first four hypotheses give us the substitution instances we need; the last two are the basis and the induction step. (Contributed by NM, 25-Jul-2005.)
⊢ (𝑗 = (𝑀 + 1) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑗 = 𝑘 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑗 = (𝑘 + 1) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑗 = 𝑁 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ (𝑀 ∈ ℤ → 𝜓)    &   ⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑀 < 𝑘) → (𝜒 → 𝜃))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑀 < 𝑁) → 𝜏)
Theorem	uzind3 12586*	Induction on the upper integers that start at an integer 𝑀. The first four hypotheses give us the substitution instances we need, and the last two are the basis and the induction step. (Contributed by NM, 26-Jul-2005.)
⊢ (𝑗 = 𝑀 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑗 = 𝑚 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑗 = (𝑚 + 1) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑗 = 𝑁 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ (𝑀 ∈ ℤ → 𝜓)    &   ⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑚 ∈ {𝑘 ∈ ℤ ∣ 𝑀 ≤ 𝑘}) → (𝜒 → 𝜃))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ {𝑘 ∈ ℤ ∣ 𝑀 ≤ 𝑘}) → 𝜏)
Theorem	nn0ind 12587*	Principle of Mathematical Induction (inference schema) on nonnegative integers. The first four hypotheses give us the substitution instances we need; the last two are the basis and the induction step. (Contributed by NM, 13-May-2004.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 0 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑦 + 1) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ 𝜓    &   ⊢ (𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 → (𝜒 → 𝜃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℕ0 → 𝜏)
Theorem	nn0indALT 12588*	Principle of Mathematical Induction (inference schema) on nonnegative integers. The last four hypotheses give us the substitution instances we need; the first two are the basis and the induction step. Either nn0ind 12587 or nn0indALT 12588 may be used; see comment for nnind 12163. (Contributed by NM, 28-Nov-2005.) (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)
⊢ (𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 → (𝜒 → 𝜃))    &   ⊢ 𝜓    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 0 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑦 + 1) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜏))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℕ0 → 𝜏)
Theorem	nn0indd 12589*	Principle of Mathematical Induction (inference schema) on nonnegative integers, a deduction version. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 23-Mar-2018.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 0 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑦 + 1) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜂))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝜒)    &   ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0) ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℕ0) → 𝜂)
Theorem	fzind 12590*	Induction on the integers from 𝑀 to 𝑁 inclusive . The first four hypotheses give us the substitution instances we need; the last two are the basis and the induction step. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 31-Mar-2011.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑀 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑦 + 1) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐾 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑀 ≤ 𝑁) → 𝜓)    &   ⊢ (((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) ∧ (𝑦 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑀 ≤ 𝑦 ∧ 𝑦 < 𝑁)) → (𝜒 → 𝜃))    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑀 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℤ) ∧ (𝐾 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑀 ≤ 𝐾 ∧ 𝐾 ≤ 𝑁)) → 𝜏)
Theorem	fnn0ind 12591*	Induction on the integers from 0 to 𝑁 inclusive. The first four hypotheses give us the substitution instances we need; the last two are the basis and the induction step. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 31-Mar-2011.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 0 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑦 + 1) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐾 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → 𝜓)    &   ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑦 < 𝑁) → (𝜒 → 𝜃))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝐾 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝐾 ≤ 𝑁) → 𝜏)
Theorem	nn0ind-raph 12592*	Principle of Mathematical Induction (inference schema) on nonnegative integers. The first four hypotheses give us the substitution instances we need; the last two are the basis and the induction step. Raph Levien remarks: "This seems a bit painful. I wonder if an explicit substitution version would be easier." (Contributed by Raph Levien, 10-Apr-2004.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 0 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑦 + 1) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ 𝜓    &   ⊢ (𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 → (𝜒 → 𝜃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℕ0 → 𝜏)
Theorem	zindd 12593*	Principle of Mathematical Induction on all integers, deduction version. The first five hypotheses give the substitutions; the last three are the basis, the induction, and the extension to negative numbers. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 17-Apr-2009.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 4-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 0 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑦 + 1) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = -𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜂))    &   ⊢ (𝜁 → 𝜓)    &   ⊢ (𝜁 → (𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 → (𝜒 → 𝜏)))    &   ⊢ (𝜁 → (𝑦 ∈ ℕ → (𝜒 → 𝜃)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜁 → (𝐴 ∈ ℤ → 𝜂))
Theorem	fzindd 12594*	Induction on the integers from M to N inclusive, a deduction version. (Contributed by metakunt, 12-May-2024.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑀 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = (𝑦 + 1) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜂))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝜒)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑦 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑀 ≤ 𝑦 ∧ 𝑦 < 𝑁) ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜏)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ≤ 𝑁)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑀 ≤ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐴 ≤ 𝑁)) → 𝜂)
Theorem	btwnz 12595*	Any real number can be sandwiched between two integers. Exercise 2 of [Apostol] p. 28. (Contributed by NM, 10-Nov-2004.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℝ → (∃𝑥 ∈ ℤ 𝑥 < 𝐴 ∧ ∃𝑦 ∈ ℤ 𝐴 < 𝑦))
Theorem	zred 12596	An integer is a real number. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℤ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)
Theorem	zcnd 12597	An integer is a complex number. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℤ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)
Theorem	znegcld 12598	Closure law for negative integers. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℤ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → -𝐴 ∈ ℤ)
Theorem	peano2zd 12599	Deduction from second Peano postulate generalized to integers. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℤ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 + 1) ∈ ℤ)
Theorem	zaddcld 12600	Closure of addition of integers. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℤ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 + 𝐵) ∈ ℤ)