P. 88 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 8701-8800   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	brdifun 8701	Evaluate the incomparability relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝑅 = ((𝑋 × 𝑋) ∖ ( < ∪ ◡ < ))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐴𝑅𝐵 ↔ ¬ (𝐴 < 𝐵 ∨ 𝐵 < 𝐴)))
Theorem	swoer 8702*	Incomparability under a strict weak partial order is an equivalence relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ 𝑅 = ((𝑋 × 𝑋) ∖ ( < ∪ ◡ < ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝑦 < 𝑧 → ¬ 𝑧 < 𝑦))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝑥 < 𝑦 → (𝑥 < 𝑧 ∨ 𝑧 < 𝑦)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)
Theorem	swoord1 8703*	The incomparability equivalence relation is compatible with the original order. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 31-Dec-2014.)
⊢ 𝑅 = ((𝑋 × 𝑋) ∖ ( < ∪ ◡ < ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝑦 < 𝑧 → ¬ 𝑧 < 𝑦))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝑥 < 𝑦 → (𝑥 < 𝑧 ∨ 𝑧 < 𝑦)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴𝑅𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 < 𝐶 ↔ 𝐵 < 𝐶))
Theorem	swoord2 8704*	The incomparability equivalence relation is compatible with the original order. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 31-Dec-2014.)
⊢ 𝑅 = ((𝑋 × 𝑋) ∖ ( < ∪ ◡ < ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝑦 < 𝑧 → ¬ 𝑧 < 𝑦))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝑥 < 𝑦 → (𝑥 < 𝑧 ∨ 𝑧 < 𝑦)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴𝑅𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐶 < 𝐴 ↔ 𝐶 < 𝐵))
Theorem	swoso 8705*	If the incomparability relation is equivalent to equality in a subset, then the partial order strictly orders the subset. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 30-Dec-2014.)
⊢ 𝑅 = ((𝑋 × 𝑋) ∖ ( < ∪ ◡ < ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝑦 < 𝑧 → ¬ 𝑧 < 𝑦))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝑥 < 𝑦 → (𝑥 < 𝑧 ∨ 𝑧 < 𝑦)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ⊆ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑥𝑅𝑦)) → 𝑥 = 𝑦)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → < Or 𝑌)
Theorem	eqerlem 8706*	Lemma for eqer 8707. (Contributed by NM, 17-Mar-2008.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 6-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ 𝐴 = 𝐵}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑧𝑅𝑤 ↔ ⦋𝑧 / 𝑥⦌𝐴 = ⦋𝑤 / 𝑥⦌𝐴)
Theorem	eqer 8707*	Equivalence relation involving equality of dependent classes 𝐴(𝑥) and 𝐵(𝑦). (Contributed by NM, 17-Mar-2008.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.) (Proof shortened by AV, 1-May-2021.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ 𝐴 = 𝐵}    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑅 Er V
Theorem	ider 8708	The identity relation is an equivalence relation. (Contributed by NM, 10-May-1998.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 22-Oct-2011.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ I Er V
Theorem	0er 8709	The empty set is an equivalence relation on the empty set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 5-Sep-2015.) (Proof shortened by AV, 1-May-2021.)
⊢ ∅ Er ∅
Theorem	eceq1 8710	Equality theorem for equivalence class. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → [𝐴]𝐶 = [𝐵]𝐶)
Theorem	eceq1d 8711	Equality theorem for equivalence class (deduction form). (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 31-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → [𝐴]𝐶 = [𝐵]𝐶)
Theorem	eceq2 8712	Equality theorem for equivalence class. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → [𝐶]𝐴 = [𝐶]𝐵)
Theorem	eceq2i 8713	Equality theorem for the 𝐴-coset and 𝐵-coset of 𝐶, inference version. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 11-May-2021.)
⊢ 𝐴 = 𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ [𝐶]𝐴 = [𝐶]𝐵
Theorem	eceq2d 8714	Equality theorem for the 𝐴-coset and 𝐵-coset of 𝐶, deduction version. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 23-Apr-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → [𝐶]𝐴 = [𝐶]𝐵)
Theorem	elecg 8715	Membership in an equivalence class. Theorem 72 of [Suppes] p. 82. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊) → (𝐴 ∈ [𝐵]𝑅 ↔ 𝐵𝑅𝐴))
Theorem	ecref 8716	All elements are in their own equivalence class. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 14-Feb-2025.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Er 𝑋 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋) → 𝐴 ∈ [𝐴]𝑅)
Theorem	elec 8717	Membership in an equivalence class. Theorem 72 of [Suppes] p. 82. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    &   ⊢ 𝐵 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ [𝐵]𝑅 ↔ 𝐵𝑅𝐴)
Theorem	relelec 8718	Membership in an equivalence class when 𝑅 is a relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 11-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (Rel 𝑅 → (𝐴 ∈ [𝐵]𝑅 ↔ 𝐵𝑅𝐴))
Theorem	elecres 8719	Elementhood in the restricted coset of 𝐵. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 21-Sep-2018.)
⊢ (𝐶 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝐶 ∈ [𝐵](𝑅 ↾ 𝐴) ↔ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵𝑅𝐶)))
Theorem	elecreseq 8720	The restricted coset of 𝐵 when 𝐵 is an element of the restriction. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 16-Oct-2018.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 → [𝐵](𝑅 ↾ 𝐴) = [𝐵]𝑅)
Theorem	elecex 8721	Condition for a coset to be a set. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 4-May-2019.)
⊢ ((𝑅 ↾ 𝐴) ∈ 𝑉 → (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 → [𝐵]𝑅 ∈ V))
Theorem	ecss 8722	An equivalence class is a subset of the domain. (Contributed by NM, 6-Aug-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → [𝐴]𝑅 ⊆ 𝑋)
Theorem	ecdmn0 8723	A representative of a nonempty equivalence class belongs to the domain of the equivalence relation. (Contributed by NM, 15-Feb-1996.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑅 ↔ [𝐴]𝑅 ≠ ∅)
Theorem	ereldm 8724	Equality of equivalence classes implies equivalence of domain membership. (Contributed by NM, 28-Jan-1996.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → [𝐴]𝑅 = [𝐵]𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ↔ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋))
Theorem	erth 8725	Basic property of equivalence relations. Theorem 73 of [Suppes] p. 82. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 6-Jul-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴𝑅𝐵 ↔ [𝐴]𝑅 = [𝐵]𝑅))
Theorem	erth2 8726	Basic property of equivalence relations. Compare Theorem 73 of [Suppes] p. 82. Assumes membership of the second argument in the domain. (Contributed by NM, 30-Jul-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 6-Jul-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴𝑅𝐵 ↔ [𝐴]𝑅 = [𝐵]𝑅))
Theorem	erthi 8727	Basic property of equivalence relations. Part of Lemma 3N of [Enderton] p. 57. (Contributed by NM, 30-Jul-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴𝑅𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → [𝐴]𝑅 = [𝐵]𝑅)
Theorem	erdisj 8728	Equivalence classes do not overlap. In other words, two equivalence classes are either equal or disjoint. Theorem 74 of [Suppes] p. 83. (Contributed by NM, 15-Jun-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (𝑅 Er 𝑋 → ([𝐴]𝑅 = [𝐵]𝑅 ∨ ([𝐴]𝑅 ∩ [𝐵]𝑅) = ∅))
Theorem	ecidsn 8729	An equivalence class modulo the identity relation is a singleton. (Contributed by NM, 24-Oct-2004.)
⊢ [𝐴] I = {𝐴}
Theorem	qseq1 8730	Equality theorem for quotient set. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → (𝐴 / 𝐶) = (𝐵 / 𝐶))
Theorem	qseq2 8731	Equality theorem for quotient set. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → (𝐶 / 𝐴) = (𝐶 / 𝐵))
Theorem	qseq2i 8732	Equality theorem for quotient set, inference form. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 3-Jun-2021.)
⊢ 𝐴 = 𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐶 / 𝐴) = (𝐶 / 𝐵)
Theorem	qseq1d 8733	Equality theorem for quotient set, deduction form. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 27-May-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 / 𝐶) = (𝐵 / 𝐶))
Theorem	qseq2d 8734	Equality theorem for quotient set, deduction form. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 27-May-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐶 / 𝐴) = (𝐶 / 𝐵))
Theorem	qseq12 8735	Equality theorem for quotient set. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 17-Apr-2019.)
⊢ ((𝐴 = 𝐵 ∧ 𝐶 = 𝐷) → (𝐴 / 𝐶) = (𝐵 / 𝐷))
Theorem	0qs 8736	Quotient set with the empty set. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 14-Sep-2019.)
⊢ (∅ / 𝑅) = ∅
Theorem	elqsg 8737*	Closed form of elqs 8738. (Contributed by Rodolfo Medina, 12-Oct-2010.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝐵 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅) ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 = [𝑥]𝑅))
Theorem	elqs 8738*	Membership in a quotient set. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.)
⊢ 𝐵 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐵 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅) ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 = [𝑥]𝑅)
Theorem	elqsi 8739*	Membership in a quotient set. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅) → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 = [𝑥]𝑅)
Theorem	elqsecl 8740*	Membership in a quotient set by an equivalence class according to ∼. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 12-Apr-2018.) (Revised by AV, 30-Apr-2021.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 → (𝐵 ∈ (𝑊 / ∼ ) ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑊 𝐵 = {𝑦 ∣ 𝑥 ∼ 𝑦}))
Theorem	ecelqs 8741	Membership of an equivalence class in a quotient set. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 10-Jun-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.) (Revised by Peter Mazsa, 22-Nov-2025.)
⊢ (((𝑅 ↾ 𝐴) ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴) → [𝐵]𝑅 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅))
Theorem	ecelqsw 8742	Membership of an equivalence class in a quotient set. More restrictive antecedent; kept for backward compatibility; for new work, prefer ecelqs 8741. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 10-Jun-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.) (Proof shortened by AV, 25-Nov-2025.)
⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴) → [𝐵]𝑅 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅))
Theorem	ecelqsi 8743	Membership of an equivalence class in a quotient set. (Contributed by NM, 25-Jul-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝑅 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 → [𝐵]𝑅 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅))
Theorem	ecopqsi 8744	"Closure" law for equivalence class of ordered pairs. (Contributed by NM, 25-Mar-1996.)
⊢ 𝑅 ∈ V    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = ((𝐴 × 𝐴) / 𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴) → [⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩]𝑅 ∈ 𝑆)
Theorem	qsexg 8745	A quotient set exists. (Contributed by FL, 19-May-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝐴 / 𝑅) ∈ V)
Theorem	qsex 8746	A quotient set exists. (Contributed by NM, 14-Aug-1995.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 / 𝑅) ∈ V
Theorem	uniqs 8747	The union of a quotient set, like uniqsw 8748 but with a weaker antecedent: only the restriction of 𝑅 by 𝐴 needs to be a set, not 𝑅 itself, see e.g. cnvepima 38319. (Contributed by NM, 9-Dec-2008.) (Revised by Peter Mazsa, 20-Jun-2019.)
⊢ ((𝑅 ↾ 𝐴) ∈ 𝑉 → ∪ (𝐴 / 𝑅) = (𝑅 “ 𝐴))
Theorem	uniqsw 8748	The union of a quotient set. More restrictive antecedent; kept for backward compatibility; for new work, prefer uniqs 8747. (Contributed by NM, 9-Dec-2008.) (Proof shortened by AV, 25-Nov-2025.)
⊢ (𝑅 ∈ 𝑉 → ∪ (𝐴 / 𝑅) = (𝑅 “ 𝐴))
Theorem	qsss 8749	A quotient set is a set of subsets of the base set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 / 𝑅) ⊆ 𝒫 𝐴)
Theorem	uniqs2 8750	The union of a quotient set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 11-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∪ (𝐴 / 𝑅) = 𝐴)
Theorem	snec 8751	The singleton of an equivalence class. (Contributed by NM, 29-Jan-1999.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ {[𝐴]𝑅} = ({𝐴} / 𝑅)
Theorem	ecqs 8752	Equivalence class in terms of quotient set. (Contributed by NM, 29-Jan-1999.)
⊢ 𝑅 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ [𝐴]𝑅 = ∪ ({𝐴} / 𝑅)
Theorem	ecid 8753	A set is equal to its coset under the converse membership relation. (Note: the converse membership relation is not an equivalence relation.) (Contributed by NM, 13-Aug-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ [𝐴]◡ E = 𝐴
Theorem	qsid 8754	A set is equal to its quotient set modulo the converse membership relation. (Note: the converse membership relation is not an equivalence relation.) (Contributed by NM, 13-Aug-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (𝐴 / ◡ E ) = 𝐴
Theorem	ectocld 8755*	Implicit substitution of class for equivalence class. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝑆 = (𝐵 / 𝑅)    &   ⊢ ([𝑥]𝑅 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ ((𝜒 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵) → 𝜑)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜒 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑆) → 𝜓)
Theorem	ectocl 8756*	Implicit substitution of class for equivalence class. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝑆 = (𝐵 / 𝑅)    &   ⊢ ([𝑥]𝑅 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 → 𝜑)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑆 → 𝜓)
Theorem	elqsn0 8757	A quotient set does not contain the empty set. (Contributed by NM, 24-Aug-1995.)
⊢ ((dom 𝑅 = 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅)) → 𝐵 ≠ ∅)
Theorem	ecelqsdm 8758	Membership of an equivalence class in a quotient set. (Contributed by NM, 30-Jul-1995.)
⊢ ((dom 𝑅 = 𝐴 ∧ [𝐵]𝑅 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅)) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴)
Theorem	ecelqsdmb 8759	𝑅-coset of 𝐵 in a quotient set, biconditional version. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 17-Apr-2019.) (Revised by Peter Mazsa, 22-Nov-2025.)
⊢ (((𝑅 ↾ 𝐴) ∈ 𝑉 ∧ dom 𝑅 = 𝐴) → ([𝐵]𝑅 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅) ↔ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴))
Theorem	eceldmqs 8760	𝑅-coset in its domain quotient. This is the bridge between 𝐴 in the domain and its block [𝐴]𝑅 in its domain quotient. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 17-Apr-2019.) (Revised by Peter Mazsa, 22-Nov-2025.)
⊢ (𝑅 ∈ 𝑉 → ([𝐴]𝑅 ∈ (dom 𝑅 / 𝑅) ↔ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑅))
Theorem	xpider 8761	A Cartesian square is an equivalence relation (in general, it is not a poset). (Contributed by FL, 31-Jul-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝐴 × 𝐴) Er 𝐴
Theorem	iiner 8762*	The intersection of a nonempty family of equivalence relations is an equivalence relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Sep-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ≠ ∅ ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑅 Er 𝐵) → ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑅 Er 𝐵)
Theorem	riiner 8763*	The relative intersection of a family of equivalence relations is an equivalence relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑅 Er 𝐵 → ((𝐵 × 𝐵) ∩ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑅) Er 𝐵)
Theorem	erinxp 8764	A restricted equivalence relation is an equivalence relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-Jul-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑅 ∩ (𝐵 × 𝐵)) Er 𝐵)
Theorem	ecinxp 8765	Restrict the relation in an equivalence class to a base set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-Jul-2015.)
⊢ (((𝑅 “ 𝐴) ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴) → [𝐵]𝑅 = [𝐵](𝑅 ∩ (𝐴 × 𝐴)))
Theorem	qsinxp 8766	Restrict the equivalence relation in a quotient set to the base set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2015.)
⊢ ((𝑅 “ 𝐴) ⊆ 𝐴 → (𝐴 / 𝑅) = (𝐴 / (𝑅 ∩ (𝐴 × 𝐴))))
Theorem	qsdisj 8767	Members of a quotient set do not overlap. (Contributed by Rodolfo Medina, 12-Oct-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 11-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐵 = 𝐶 ∨ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = ∅))
Theorem	qsdisj2 8768*	A quotient set is a disjoint set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (𝑅 Er 𝑋 → Disj 𝑥 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅)𝑥)
Theorem	qsel 8769	If an element of a quotient set contains a given element, it is equal to the equivalence class of the element. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Er 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐵) → 𝐵 = [𝐶]𝑅)
Theorem	uniinqs 8770	Class union distributes over the intersection of two subclasses of a quotient space. Compare uniin 4895. (Contributed by FL, 25-May-2007.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 11-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝑅 Er 𝑋    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐵 ⊆ (𝐴 / 𝑅) ∧ 𝐶 ⊆ (𝐴 / 𝑅)) → ∪ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = (∪ 𝐵 ∩ ∪ 𝐶))
Theorem	qliftlem 8771*	Lemma for theorems about a function lift. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.) (Revised by AV, 3-Aug-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = ran (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ ⟨[𝑥]𝑅, 𝐴⟩)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋) → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋) → [𝑥]𝑅 ∈ (𝑋 / 𝑅))
Theorem	qliftrel 8772*	𝐹, a function lift, is a subset of 𝑅 × 𝑆. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.) (Revised by AV, 3-Aug-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = ran (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ ⟨[𝑥]𝑅, 𝐴⟩)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋) → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⊆ ((𝑋 / 𝑅) × 𝑌))
Theorem	qliftel 8773*	Elementhood in the relation 𝐹. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.) (Revised by AV, 3-Aug-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = ran (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ ⟨[𝑥]𝑅, 𝐴⟩)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋) → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ([𝐶]𝑅𝐹𝐷 ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 (𝐶𝑅𝑥 ∧ 𝐷 = 𝐴)))
Theorem	qliftel1 8774*	Elementhood in the relation 𝐹. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.) (Revised by AV, 3-Aug-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = ran (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ ⟨[𝑥]𝑅, 𝐴⟩)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋) → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋) → [𝑥]𝑅𝐹𝐴)
Theorem	qliftfun 8775*	The function 𝐹 is the unique function defined by 𝐹‘[𝑥] = 𝐴, provided that the well-definedness condition holds. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.) (Revised by AV, 3-Aug-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = ran (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ ⟨[𝑥]𝑅, 𝐴⟩)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋) → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (Fun 𝐹 ↔ ∀𝑥∀𝑦(𝑥𝑅𝑦 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)))
Theorem	qliftfund 8776*	The function 𝐹 is the unique function defined by 𝐹‘[𝑥] = 𝐴, provided that the well-definedness condition holds. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.) (Revised by AV, 3-Aug-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = ran (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ ⟨[𝑥]𝑅, 𝐴⟩)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋) → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥𝑅𝑦) → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → Fun 𝐹)
Theorem	qliftfuns 8777*	The function 𝐹 is the unique function defined by 𝐹‘[𝑥] = 𝐴, provided that the well-definedness condition holds. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.) (Revised by AV, 3-Aug-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = ran (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ ⟨[𝑥]𝑅, 𝐴⟩)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋) → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (Fun 𝐹 ↔ ∀𝑦∀𝑧(𝑦𝑅𝑧 → ⦋𝑦 / 𝑥⦌𝐴 = ⦋𝑧 / 𝑥⦌𝐴)))
Theorem	qliftf 8778*	The domain and codomain of the function 𝐹. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.) (Revised by AV, 3-Aug-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = ran (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ ⟨[𝑥]𝑅, 𝐴⟩)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋) → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (Fun 𝐹 ↔ 𝐹:(𝑋 / 𝑅)⟶𝑌))
Theorem	qliftval 8779*	The value of the function 𝐹. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.) (Revised by AV, 3-Aug-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = ran (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ ⟨[𝑥]𝑅, 𝐴⟩)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋) → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐶 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → Fun 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐹‘[𝐶]𝑅) = 𝐵)
Theorem	ecoptocl 8780*	Implicit substitution of class for equivalence class of ordered pair. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.)
⊢ 𝑆 = ((𝐵 × 𝐶) / 𝑅)    &   ⊢ ([⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩]𝑅 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ ((𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐶) → 𝜑)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑆 → 𝜓)
Theorem	2ecoptocl 8781*	Implicit substitution of classes for equivalence classes of ordered pairs. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.)
⊢ 𝑆 = ((𝐶 × 𝐷) / 𝑅)    &   ⊢ ([⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩]𝑅 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ ([⟨𝑧, 𝑤⟩]𝑅 = 𝐵 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (((𝑥 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐷) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝑤 ∈ 𝐷)) → 𝜑)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑆) → 𝜒)
Theorem	3ecoptocl 8782*	Implicit substitution of classes for equivalence classes of ordered pairs. (Contributed by NM, 9-Aug-1995.)
⊢ 𝑆 = ((𝐷 × 𝐷) / 𝑅)    &   ⊢ ([⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩]𝑅 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ ([⟨𝑧, 𝑤⟩]𝑅 = 𝐵 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ ([⟨𝑣, 𝑢⟩]𝑅 = 𝐶 → (𝜒 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (((𝑥 ∈ 𝐷 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐷) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝐷 ∧ 𝑤 ∈ 𝐷) ∧ (𝑣 ∈ 𝐷 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝐷)) → 𝜑)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑆) → 𝜃)
Theorem	brecop 8783*	Binary relation on a quotient set. Lemma for real number construction. (Contributed by NM, 29-Jan-1996.)
⊢ ∼ ∈ V    &   ⊢ ∼ Er (𝐺 × 𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ((𝐺 × 𝐺) / ∼ )    &   ⊢ ≤ = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ ((𝑥 ∈ 𝐻 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐻) ∧ ∃𝑧∃𝑤∃𝑣∃𝑢((𝑥 = [⟨𝑧, 𝑤⟩] ∼ ∧ 𝑦 = [⟨𝑣, 𝑢⟩] ∼ ) ∧ 𝜑))}    &   ⊢ ((((𝑧 ∈ 𝐺 ∧ 𝑤 ∈ 𝐺) ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐺 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐺)) ∧ ((𝑣 ∈ 𝐺 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝐺) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ 𝐺 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝐺))) → (([⟨𝑧, 𝑤⟩] ∼ = [⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩] ∼ ∧ [⟨𝑣, 𝑢⟩] ∼ = [⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩] ∼ ) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓)))    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝐺 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐺) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ 𝐺 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝐺)) → ([⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩] ∼ ≤ [⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩] ∼ ↔ 𝜓))
Theorem	brecop2 8784	Binary relation on a quotient set. Lemma for real number construction. Eliminates antecedent from last hypothesis. (Contributed by NM, 13-Feb-1996.) (Revised by AV, 12-Jul-2022.)
⊢ dom ∼ = (𝐺 × 𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ((𝐺 × 𝐺) / ∼ )    &   ⊢ 𝑅 ⊆ (𝐻 × 𝐻)    &   ⊢ ≤ ⊆ (𝐺 × 𝐺)    &   ⊢ ¬ ∅ ∈ 𝐺    &   ⊢ dom + = (𝐺 × 𝐺)    &   ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝐺 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐺) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ 𝐺 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝐺)) → ([⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩] ∼ 𝑅[⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩] ∼ ↔ (𝐴 + 𝐷) ≤ (𝐵 + 𝐶)))    ⇒   ⊢ ([⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩] ∼ 𝑅[⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩] ∼ ↔ (𝐴 + 𝐷) ≤ (𝐵 + 𝐶))
Theorem	eroveu 8785*	Lemma for erov 8787 and eroprf 8788. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 10-Jun-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (𝐴 / 𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (𝐵 / 𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 ∈ 𝑍)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 Er 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 Er 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ⊆ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ⊆ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → + :(𝐴 × 𝐵)⟶𝐶)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ ((𝑟 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑠 ∈ 𝐴) ∧ (𝑡 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝐵))) → ((𝑟𝑅𝑠 ∧ 𝑡𝑆𝑢) → (𝑟 + 𝑡)𝑇(𝑠 + 𝑢)))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐾)) → ∃!𝑧∃𝑝 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑞 ∈ 𝐵 ((𝑋 = [𝑝]𝑅 ∧ 𝑌 = [𝑞]𝑆) ∧ 𝑧 = [(𝑝 + 𝑞)]𝑇))
Theorem	erovlem 8786*	Lemma for erov 8787 and eroprf 8788. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 10-Jun-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 30-Dec-2014.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (𝐴 / 𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (𝐵 / 𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 ∈ 𝑍)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 Er 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 Er 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ⊆ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ⊆ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → + :(𝐴 × 𝐵)⟶𝐶)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ ((𝑟 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑠 ∈ 𝐴) ∧ (𝑡 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝐵))) → ((𝑟𝑅𝑠 ∧ 𝑡𝑆𝑢) → (𝑟 + 𝑡)𝑇(𝑠 + 𝑢)))    &   ⊢ ⨣ = {⟨⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩, 𝑧⟩ ∣ ∃𝑝 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑞 ∈ 𝐵 ((𝑥 = [𝑝]𝑅 ∧ 𝑦 = [𝑞]𝑆) ∧ 𝑧 = [(𝑝 + 𝑞)]𝑇)}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ⨣ = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐾 ↦ (℩𝑧∃𝑝 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑞 ∈ 𝐵 ((𝑥 = [𝑝]𝑅 ∧ 𝑦 = [𝑞]𝑆) ∧ 𝑧 = [(𝑝 + 𝑞)]𝑇))))
Theorem	erov 8787*	The value of an operation defined on equivalence classes. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 10-Jun-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 30-Dec-2014.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (𝐴 / 𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (𝐵 / 𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 ∈ 𝑍)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 Er 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 Er 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ⊆ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ⊆ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → + :(𝐴 × 𝐵)⟶𝐶)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ ((𝑟 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑠 ∈ 𝐴) ∧ (𝑡 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝐵))) → ((𝑟𝑅𝑠 ∧ 𝑡𝑆𝑢) → (𝑟 + 𝑡)𝑇(𝑠 + 𝑢)))    &   ⊢ ⨣ = {⟨⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩, 𝑧⟩ ∣ ∃𝑝 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑞 ∈ 𝐵 ((𝑥 = [𝑝]𝑅 ∧ 𝑦 = [𝑞]𝑆) ∧ 𝑧 = [(𝑝 + 𝑞)]𝑇)}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ 𝑌)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑄 ∈ 𝐵) → ([𝑃]𝑅 ⨣ [𝑄]𝑆) = [(𝑃 + 𝑄)]𝑇)
Theorem	eroprf 8788*	Functionality of an operation defined on equivalence classes. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 10-Jun-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 30-Dec-2014.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (𝐴 / 𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (𝐵 / 𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 ∈ 𝑍)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 Er 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 Er 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ⊆ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ⊆ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → + :(𝐴 × 𝐵)⟶𝐶)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ ((𝑟 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑠 ∈ 𝐴) ∧ (𝑡 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝐵))) → ((𝑟𝑅𝑠 ∧ 𝑡𝑆𝑢) → (𝑟 + 𝑡)𝑇(𝑠 + 𝑢)))    &   ⊢ ⨣ = {⟨⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩, 𝑧⟩ ∣ ∃𝑝 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑞 ∈ 𝐵 ((𝑥 = [𝑝]𝑅 ∧ 𝑦 = [𝑞]𝑆) ∧ 𝑧 = [(𝑝 + 𝑞)]𝑇)}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (𝐶 / 𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ⨣ :(𝐽 × 𝐾)⟶𝐿)
Theorem	erov2 8789*	The value of an operation defined on equivalence classes. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 10-Jun-2010.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (𝐴 / ∼ )    &   ⊢ ⨣ = {⟨⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩, 𝑧⟩ ∣ ∃𝑝 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑞 ∈ 𝐴 ((𝑥 = [𝑝] ∼ ∧ 𝑦 = [𝑞] ∼ ) ∧ 𝑧 = [(𝑝 + 𝑞)] ∼ )}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∼ ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∼ Er 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → + :(𝐴 × 𝐴)⟶𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ ((𝑟 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑠 ∈ 𝐴) ∧ (𝑡 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝐴))) → ((𝑟 ∼ 𝑠 ∧ 𝑡 ∼ 𝑢) → (𝑟 + 𝑡) ∼ (𝑠 + 𝑢)))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑄 ∈ 𝐴) → ([𝑃] ∼ ⨣ [𝑄] ∼ ) = [(𝑃 + 𝑄)] ∼ )
Theorem	eroprf2 8790*	Functionality of an operation defined on equivalence classes. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 10-Jun-2010.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (𝐴 / ∼ )    &   ⊢ ⨣ = {⟨⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩, 𝑧⟩ ∣ ∃𝑝 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑞 ∈ 𝐴 ((𝑥 = [𝑝] ∼ ∧ 𝑦 = [𝑞] ∼ ) ∧ 𝑧 = [(𝑝 + 𝑞)] ∼ )}    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∼ ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∼ Er 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ 𝑈)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → + :(𝐴 × 𝐴)⟶𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ ((𝑟 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑠 ∈ 𝐴) ∧ (𝑡 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝐴))) → ((𝑟 ∼ 𝑠 ∧ 𝑡 ∼ 𝑢) → (𝑟 + 𝑡) ∼ (𝑠 + 𝑢)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ⨣ :(𝐽 × 𝐽)⟶𝐽)
Theorem	ecopoveq 8791*	This is the first of several theorems about equivalence relations of the kind used in construction of fractions and signed reals, involving operations on equivalent classes of ordered pairs. This theorem expresses the relation ∼ (specified by the hypothesis) in terms of its operation 𝐹. (Contributed by NM, 16-Aug-1995.)
⊢ ∼ = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ ((𝑥 ∈ (𝑆 × 𝑆) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑆 × 𝑆)) ∧ ∃𝑧∃𝑤∃𝑣∃𝑢((𝑥 = ⟨𝑧, 𝑤⟩ ∧ 𝑦 = ⟨𝑣, 𝑢⟩) ∧ (𝑧 + 𝑢) = (𝑤 + 𝑣)))}    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑆) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝑆)) → (⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ ∼ ⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩ ↔ (𝐴 + 𝐷) = (𝐵 + 𝐶)))
Theorem	ecopovsym 8792*	Assuming the operation 𝐹 is commutative, show that the relation ∼, specified by the first hypothesis, is symmetric. (Contributed by NM, 27-Aug-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Apr-2015.)
⊢ ∼ = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ ((𝑥 ∈ (𝑆 × 𝑆) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑆 × 𝑆)) ∧ ∃𝑧∃𝑤∃𝑣∃𝑢((𝑥 = ⟨𝑧, 𝑤⟩ ∧ 𝑦 = ⟨𝑣, 𝑢⟩) ∧ (𝑧 + 𝑢) = (𝑤 + 𝑣)))}    &   ⊢ (𝑥 + 𝑦) = (𝑦 + 𝑥)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∼ 𝐵 → 𝐵 ∼ 𝐴)
Theorem	ecopovtrn 8793*	Assuming that operation 𝐹 is commutative (second hypothesis), closed (third hypothesis), associative (fourth hypothesis), and has the cancellation property (fifth hypothesis), show that the relation ∼, specified by the first hypothesis, is transitive. (Contributed by NM, 11-Feb-1996.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Apr-2015.)
⊢ ∼ = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ ((𝑥 ∈ (𝑆 × 𝑆) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑆 × 𝑆)) ∧ ∃𝑧∃𝑤∃𝑣∃𝑢((𝑥 = ⟨𝑧, 𝑤⟩ ∧ 𝑦 = ⟨𝑣, 𝑢⟩) ∧ (𝑧 + 𝑢) = (𝑤 + 𝑣)))}    &   ⊢ (𝑥 + 𝑦) = (𝑦 + 𝑥)    &   ⊢ ((𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑆) → (𝑥 + 𝑦) ∈ 𝑆)    &   ⊢ ((𝑥 + 𝑦) + 𝑧) = (𝑥 + (𝑦 + 𝑧))    &   ⊢ ((𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑆) → ((𝑥 + 𝑦) = (𝑥 + 𝑧) → 𝑦 = 𝑧))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∼ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ∼ 𝐶) → 𝐴 ∼ 𝐶)
Theorem	ecopover 8794*	Assuming that operation 𝐹 is commutative (second hypothesis), closed (third hypothesis), associative (fourth hypothesis), and has the cancellation property (fifth hypothesis), show that the relation ∼, specified by the first hypothesis, is an equivalence relation. (Contributed by NM, 16-Feb-1996.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.) (Proof shortened by AV, 1-May-2021.)
⊢ ∼ = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ ((𝑥 ∈ (𝑆 × 𝑆) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑆 × 𝑆)) ∧ ∃𝑧∃𝑤∃𝑣∃𝑢((𝑥 = ⟨𝑧, 𝑤⟩ ∧ 𝑦 = ⟨𝑣, 𝑢⟩) ∧ (𝑧 + 𝑢) = (𝑤 + 𝑣)))}    &   ⊢ (𝑥 + 𝑦) = (𝑦 + 𝑥)    &   ⊢ ((𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑆) → (𝑥 + 𝑦) ∈ 𝑆)    &   ⊢ ((𝑥 + 𝑦) + 𝑧) = (𝑥 + (𝑦 + 𝑧))    &   ⊢ ((𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑆) → ((𝑥 + 𝑦) = (𝑥 + 𝑧) → 𝑦 = 𝑧))    ⇒   ⊢ ∼ Er (𝑆 × 𝑆)
Theorem	eceqoveq 8795*	Equality of equivalence relation in terms of an operation. (Contributed by NM, 15-Feb-1996.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ∼ Er (𝑆 × 𝑆)    &   ⊢ dom + = (𝑆 × 𝑆)    &   ⊢ ¬ ∅ ∈ 𝑆    &   ⊢ ((𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑆) → (𝑥 + 𝑦) ∈ 𝑆)    &   ⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑆) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝑆)) → (⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ ∼ ⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩ ↔ (𝐴 + 𝐷) = (𝐵 + 𝐶)))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑆) → ([⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩] ∼ = [⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩] ∼ ↔ (𝐴 + 𝐷) = (𝐵 + 𝐶)))
Theorem	ecovcom 8796*	Lemma used to transfer a commutative law via an equivalence relation. (Contributed by NM, 29-Aug-1995.) (Revised by David Abernethy, 4-Jun-2013.)
⊢ 𝐶 = ((𝑆 × 𝑆) / ∼ )    &   ⊢ (((𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑆) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑤 ∈ 𝑆)) → ([⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩] ∼ + [⟨𝑧, 𝑤⟩] ∼ ) = [⟨𝐷, 𝐺⟩] ∼ )    &   ⊢ (((𝑧 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑤 ∈ 𝑆) ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑆)) → ([⟨𝑧, 𝑤⟩] ∼ + [⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩] ∼ ) = [⟨𝐻, 𝐽⟩] ∼ )    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = 𝐻    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = 𝐽    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐶) → (𝐴 + 𝐵) = (𝐵 + 𝐴))
Theorem	ecovass 8797*	Lemma used to transfer an associative law via an equivalence relation. (Contributed by NM, 31-Aug-1995.) (Revised by David Abernethy, 4-Jun-2013.)
⊢ 𝐷 = ((𝑆 × 𝑆) / ∼ )    &   ⊢ (((𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑆) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑤 ∈ 𝑆)) → ([⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩] ∼ + [⟨𝑧, 𝑤⟩] ∼ ) = [⟨𝐺, 𝐻⟩] ∼ )    &   ⊢ (((𝑧 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑤 ∈ 𝑆) ∧ (𝑣 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑆)) → ([⟨𝑧, 𝑤⟩] ∼ + [⟨𝑣, 𝑢⟩] ∼ ) = [⟨𝑁, 𝑄⟩] ∼ )    &   ⊢ (((𝐺 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐻 ∈ 𝑆) ∧ (𝑣 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑆)) → ([⟨𝐺, 𝐻⟩] ∼ + [⟨𝑣, 𝑢⟩] ∼ ) = [⟨𝐽, 𝐾⟩] ∼ )    &   ⊢ (((𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑆) ∧ (𝑁 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑄 ∈ 𝑆)) → ([⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩] ∼ + [⟨𝑁, 𝑄⟩] ∼ ) = [⟨𝐿, 𝑀⟩] ∼ )    &   ⊢ (((𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑆) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑤 ∈ 𝑆)) → (𝐺 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐻 ∈ 𝑆))    &   ⊢ (((𝑧 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑤 ∈ 𝑆) ∧ (𝑣 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑆)) → (𝑁 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑄 ∈ 𝑆))    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = 𝐿    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = 𝑀    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝐷 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐷) → ((𝐴 + 𝐵) + 𝐶) = (𝐴 + (𝐵 + 𝐶)))
Theorem	ecovdi 8798*	Lemma used to transfer a distributive law via an equivalence relation. (Contributed by NM, 2-Sep-1995.) (Revised by David Abernethy, 4-Jun-2013.)
⊢ 𝐷 = ((𝑆 × 𝑆) / ∼ )    &   ⊢ (((𝑧 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑤 ∈ 𝑆) ∧ (𝑣 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑆)) → ([⟨𝑧, 𝑤⟩] ∼ + [⟨𝑣, 𝑢⟩] ∼ ) = [⟨𝑀, 𝑁⟩] ∼ )    &   ⊢ (((𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑆) ∧ (𝑀 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ 𝑆)) → ([⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩] ∼ · [⟨𝑀, 𝑁⟩] ∼ ) = [⟨𝐻, 𝐽⟩] ∼ )    &   ⊢ (((𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑆) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑤 ∈ 𝑆)) → ([⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩] ∼ · [⟨𝑧, 𝑤⟩] ∼ ) = [⟨𝑊, 𝑋⟩] ∼ )    &   ⊢ (((𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑆) ∧ (𝑣 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑆)) → ([⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩] ∼ · [⟨𝑣, 𝑢⟩] ∼ ) = [⟨𝑌, 𝑍⟩] ∼ )    &   ⊢ (((𝑊 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑆) ∧ (𝑌 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑍 ∈ 𝑆)) → ([⟨𝑊, 𝑋⟩] ∼ + [⟨𝑌, 𝑍⟩] ∼ ) = [⟨𝐾, 𝐿⟩] ∼ )    &   ⊢ (((𝑧 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑤 ∈ 𝑆) ∧ (𝑣 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑆)) → (𝑀 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ 𝑆))    &   ⊢ (((𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑆) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑤 ∈ 𝑆)) → (𝑊 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑆))    &   ⊢ (((𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑆) ∧ (𝑣 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑆)) → (𝑌 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑍 ∈ 𝑆))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = 𝐾    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = 𝐿    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝐷 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐷 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐷) → (𝐴 · (𝐵 + 𝐶)) = ((𝐴 · 𝐵) + (𝐴 · 𝐶)))
2.4.27  The mapping operation
Syntax	cmap 8799	Extend the definition of a class to include the mapping operation. (Read for 𝐴 ↑m 𝐵, "the set of all functions that map from 𝐵 to 𝐴.)
class ↑m
Syntax	cpm 8800	Extend the definition of a class to include the partial mapping operation. (Read for 𝐴 ↑pm 𝐵, "the set of all partial functions that map from 𝐵 to 𝐴.)
class ↑pm