P. 88 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 8701-8800   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Definition	df-qs 8701*	Define quotient set. 𝑅 is usually an equivalence relation. Definition of [Enderton] p. 58. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.)
⊢ (𝐴 / 𝑅) = {𝑦 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑦 = [𝑥]𝑅}
Theorem	dfqs2 8702*	Alternate definition of quotient set. (Contributed by Steven Nguyen, 7-Jun-2023.)
⊢ (𝐴 / 𝑅) = ran (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ [𝑥]𝑅)
Theorem	ereq1 8703	Equality theorem for equivalence predicate. (Contributed by NM, 4-Jun-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝑅 = 𝑆 → (𝑅 Er 𝐴 ↔ 𝑆 Er 𝐴))
Theorem	ereq2 8704	Equality theorem for equivalence predicate. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → (𝑅 Er 𝐴 ↔ 𝑅 Er 𝐵))
Theorem	errel 8705	An equivalence relation is a relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝑅 Er 𝐴 → Rel 𝑅)
Theorem	erdm 8706	The domain of an equivalence relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝑅 Er 𝐴 → dom 𝑅 = 𝐴)
Theorem	ercl 8707	Elementhood in the field of an equivalence relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴𝑅𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋)
Theorem	ersym 8708	An equivalence relation is symmetric. (Contributed by NM, 4-Jun-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴𝑅𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵𝑅𝐴)
Theorem	ercl2 8709	Elementhood in the field of an equivalence relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴𝑅𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋)
Theorem	ersymb 8710	An equivalence relation is symmetric. (Contributed by NM, 30-Jul-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴𝑅𝐵 ↔ 𝐵𝑅𝐴))
Theorem	ertr 8711	An equivalence relation is transitive. (Contributed by NM, 4-Jun-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐴𝑅𝐵 ∧ 𝐵𝑅𝐶) → 𝐴𝑅𝐶))
Theorem	ertrd 8712	A transitivity relation for equivalences. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴𝑅𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵𝑅𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴𝑅𝐶)
Theorem	ertr2d 8713	A transitivity relation for equivalences. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴𝑅𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵𝑅𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶𝑅𝐴)
Theorem	ertr3d 8714	A transitivity relation for equivalences. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵𝑅𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵𝑅𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴𝑅𝐶)
Theorem	ertr4d 8715	A transitivity relation for equivalences. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴𝑅𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶𝑅𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴𝑅𝐶)
Theorem	erref 8716	An equivalence relation is reflexive on its field. Compare Theorem 3M of [Enderton] p. 56. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 6-May-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴𝑅𝐴)
Theorem	ercnv 8717	The converse of an equivalence relation is itself. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝑅 Er 𝐴 → ◡𝑅 = 𝑅)
Theorem	errn 8718	The range and domain of an equivalence relation are equal. (Contributed by Rodolfo Medina, 11-Oct-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝑅 Er 𝐴 → ran 𝑅 = 𝐴)
Theorem	erssxp 8719	An equivalence relation is a subset of the cartesian product of the field. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝑅 Er 𝐴 → 𝑅 ⊆ (𝐴 × 𝐴))
Theorem	erex 8720	An equivalence relation is a set if its domain is a set. (Contributed by Rodolfo Medina, 15-Oct-2010.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝑅 Er 𝐴 → (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝑅 ∈ V))
Theorem	erexb 8721	An equivalence relation is a set if and only if its domain is a set. (Contributed by Rodolfo Medina, 15-Oct-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝑅 Er 𝐴 → (𝑅 ∈ V ↔ 𝐴 ∈ V))
Theorem	iserd 8722*	A reflexive, symmetric, transitive relation is an equivalence relation on its domain. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → Rel 𝑅)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥𝑅𝑦) → 𝑦𝑅𝑥)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥𝑅𝑦 ∧ 𝑦𝑅𝑧)) → 𝑥𝑅𝑧)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↔ 𝑥𝑅𝑥))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝐴)
Theorem	iseri 8723*	A reflexive, symmetric, transitive relation is an equivalence relation on its domain. Inference version of iserd 8722, which avoids the need to provide a "dummy antecedent" 𝜑 if there is no natural one to choose. (Contributed by AV, 30-Apr-2021.)
⊢ Rel 𝑅    &   ⊢ (𝑥𝑅𝑦 → 𝑦𝑅𝑥)    &   ⊢ ((𝑥𝑅𝑦 ∧ 𝑦𝑅𝑧) → 𝑥𝑅𝑧)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↔ 𝑥𝑅𝑥)    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑅 Er 𝐴
Theorem	iseriALT 8724*	Alternate proof of iseri 8723, avoiding the usage of mptru 1577 and ⊤ as antecedent by using ax-mp 5 and one of the hypotheses as antecedent. This results, however, in a slightly longer proof. (Contributed by AV, 30-Apr-2021.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ Rel 𝑅    &   ⊢ (𝑥𝑅𝑦 → 𝑦𝑅𝑥)    &   ⊢ ((𝑥𝑅𝑦 ∧ 𝑦𝑅𝑧) → 𝑥𝑅𝑧)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↔ 𝑥𝑅𝑥)    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑅 Er 𝐴
Theorem	brinxper 8725*	Conditions for a reflexive, symmetric and transitive binary relation to be an equivalence relation over a class 𝑉. (Contributed by AV, 11-Jun-2025.)
⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝑥 ∼ 𝑥)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝑥 ∼ 𝑦 → 𝑦 ∼ 𝑥))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 → ((𝑥 ∼ 𝑦 ∧ 𝑦 ∼ 𝑧) → 𝑥 ∼ 𝑧))    ⇒   ⊢ ( ∼ ∩ (𝑉 × 𝑉)) Er 𝑉
Theorem	brdifun 8726	Evaluate the incomparability relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝑅 = ((𝑋 × 𝑋) ∖ ( < ∪ ◡ < ))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐴𝑅𝐵 ↔ ¬ (𝐴 < 𝐵 ∨ 𝐵 < 𝐴)))
Theorem	swoer 8727*	Incomparability under a strict weak partial order is an equivalence relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ 𝑅 = ((𝑋 × 𝑋) ∖ ( < ∪ ◡ < ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝑦 < 𝑧 → ¬ 𝑧 < 𝑦))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝑥 < 𝑦 → (𝑥 < 𝑧 ∨ 𝑧 < 𝑦)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)
Theorem	swoord1 8728*	The incomparability equivalence relation is compatible with the original order. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 31-Dec-2014.)
⊢ 𝑅 = ((𝑋 × 𝑋) ∖ ( < ∪ ◡ < ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝑦 < 𝑧 → ¬ 𝑧 < 𝑦))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝑥 < 𝑦 → (𝑥 < 𝑧 ∨ 𝑧 < 𝑦)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴𝑅𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 < 𝐶 ↔ 𝐵 < 𝐶))
Theorem	swoord2 8729*	The incomparability equivalence relation is compatible with the original order. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 31-Dec-2014.)
⊢ 𝑅 = ((𝑋 × 𝑋) ∖ ( < ∪ ◡ < ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝑦 < 𝑧 → ¬ 𝑧 < 𝑦))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝑥 < 𝑦 → (𝑥 < 𝑧 ∨ 𝑧 < 𝑦)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴𝑅𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐶 < 𝐴 ↔ 𝐶 < 𝐵))
Theorem	swoso 8730*	If the incomparability relation is equivalent to equality in a subset, then the partial order strictly orders the subset. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 30-Dec-2014.)
⊢ 𝑅 = ((𝑋 × 𝑋) ∖ ( < ∪ ◡ < ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝑦 < 𝑧 → ¬ 𝑧 < 𝑦))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝑥 < 𝑦 → (𝑥 < 𝑧 ∨ 𝑧 < 𝑦)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ⊆ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑥𝑅𝑦)) → 𝑥 = 𝑦)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → < Or 𝑌)
Theorem	eqerlem 8731*	Lemma for eqer 8732. (Contributed by NM, 17-Mar-2008.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 6-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ 𝐴 = 𝐵}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑧𝑅𝑤 ↔ ⦋𝑧 / 𝑥⦌𝐴 = ⦋𝑤 / 𝑥⦌𝐴)
Theorem	eqer 8732*	Equivalence relation involving equality of dependent classes 𝐴(𝑥) and 𝐵(𝑦). (Contributed by NM, 17-Mar-2008.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.) (Proof shortened by AV, 1-May-2021.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ 𝐴 = 𝐵}    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑅 Er V
Theorem	ider 8733	The identity relation is an equivalence relation. (Contributed by NM, 10-May-1998.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 22-Oct-2011.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ I Er V
Theorem	0er 8734	The empty set is an equivalence relation on the empty set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 5-Sep-2015.) (Proof shortened by AV, 1-May-2021.)
⊢ ∅ Er ∅
Theorem	eceq1 8735	Equality theorem for equivalence class. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → [𝐴]𝐶 = [𝐵]𝐶)
Theorem	eceq1d 8736	Equality theorem for equivalence class (deduction form). (Contributed by Jim Kingdon, 31-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → [𝐴]𝐶 = [𝐵]𝐶)
Theorem	eceq2 8737	Equality theorem for equivalence class. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → [𝐶]𝐴 = [𝐶]𝐵)
Theorem	eceq2i 8738	Equality theorem for the 𝐴-coset and 𝐵-coset of 𝐶, inference version. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 11-May-2021.)
⊢ 𝐴 = 𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ [𝐶]𝐴 = [𝐶]𝐵
Theorem	eceq2d 8739	Equality theorem for the 𝐴-coset and 𝐵-coset of 𝐶, deduction version. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 23-Apr-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → [𝐶]𝐴 = [𝐶]𝐵)
Theorem	elecg 8740	Membership in an equivalence class. Theorem 72 of [Suppes] p. 82. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊) → (𝐴 ∈ [𝐵]𝑅 ↔ 𝐵𝑅𝐴))
Theorem	ecref 8741	All elements are in their own equivalence class. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 14-Feb-2025.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Er 𝑋 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋) → 𝐴 ∈ [𝐴]𝑅)
Theorem	elec 8742	Membership in an equivalence class. Theorem 72 of [Suppes] p. 82. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    &   ⊢ 𝐵 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ [𝐵]𝑅 ↔ 𝐵𝑅𝐴)
Theorem	relelec 8743	Membership in an equivalence class when 𝑅 is a relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 11-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (Rel 𝑅 → (𝐴 ∈ [𝐵]𝑅 ↔ 𝐵𝑅𝐴))
Theorem	elecres 8744	Elementhood in the restricted coset of 𝐵. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 21-Sep-2018.)
⊢ (𝐶 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝐶 ∈ [𝐵](𝑅 ↾ 𝐴) ↔ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵𝑅𝐶)))
Theorem	elecreseq 8745	The restricted coset of 𝐵 when 𝐵 is an element of the restriction. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 16-Oct-2018.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 → [𝐵](𝑅 ↾ 𝐴) = [𝐵]𝑅)
Theorem	elecex 8746	Condition for a coset to be a set. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 4-May-2019.)
⊢ ((𝑅 ↾ 𝐴) ∈ 𝑉 → (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 → [𝐵]𝑅 ∈ V))
Theorem	ecss 8747	An equivalence class is a subset of the domain. (Contributed by NM, 6-Aug-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → [𝐴]𝑅 ⊆ 𝑋)
Theorem	ecdmn0 8748	A representative of a nonempty equivalence class belongs to the domain of the equivalence relation. (Contributed by NM, 15-Feb-1996.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑅 ↔ [𝐴]𝑅 ≠ ∅)
Theorem	ereldm 8749	Equality of equivalence classes implies equivalence of domain membership. (Contributed by NM, 28-Jan-1996.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → [𝐴]𝑅 = [𝐵]𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ↔ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋))
Theorem	erth 8750	Basic property of equivalence relations. Theorem 73 of [Suppes] p. 82. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 6-Jul-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴𝑅𝐵 ↔ [𝐴]𝑅 = [𝐵]𝑅))
Theorem	erth2 8751	Basic property of equivalence relations. Compare Theorem 73 of [Suppes] p. 82. Assumes membership of the second argument in the domain. (Contributed by NM, 30-Jul-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 6-Jul-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴𝑅𝐵 ↔ [𝐴]𝑅 = [𝐵]𝑅))
Theorem	erthi 8752	Basic property of equivalence relations. Part of Lemma 3N of [Enderton] p. 57. (Contributed by NM, 30-Jul-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴𝑅𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → [𝐴]𝑅 = [𝐵]𝑅)
Theorem	erdisj 8753	Equivalence classes do not overlap. In other words, two equivalence classes are either equal or disjoint. Theorem 74 of [Suppes] p. 83. (Contributed by NM, 15-Jun-2004.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (𝑅 Er 𝑋 → ([𝐴]𝑅 = [𝐵]𝑅 ∨ ([𝐴]𝑅 ∩ [𝐵]𝑅) = ∅))
Theorem	ecidsn 8754	An equivalence class modulo the identity relation is a singleton. (Contributed by NM, 24-Oct-2004.)
⊢ [𝐴] I = {𝐴}
Theorem	qseq1 8755	Equality theorem for quotient set. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → (𝐴 / 𝐶) = (𝐵 / 𝐶))
Theorem	qseq2 8756	Equality theorem for quotient set. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → (𝐶 / 𝐴) = (𝐶 / 𝐵))
Theorem	qseq2i 8757	Equality theorem for quotient set, inference form. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 3-Jun-2021.)
⊢ 𝐴 = 𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐶 / 𝐴) = (𝐶 / 𝐵)
Theorem	qseq1d 8758	Equality theorem for quotient set, deduction form. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 27-May-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 / 𝐶) = (𝐵 / 𝐶))
Theorem	qseq2d 8759	Equality theorem for quotient set, deduction form. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 27-May-2021.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐶 / 𝐴) = (𝐶 / 𝐵))
Theorem	qseq12 8760	Equality theorem for quotient set. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 17-Apr-2019.)
⊢ ((𝐴 = 𝐵 ∧ 𝐶 = 𝐷) → (𝐴 / 𝐶) = (𝐵 / 𝐷))
Theorem	0qs 8761	Quotient set with the empty set. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 14-Sep-2019.)
⊢ (∅ / 𝑅) = ∅
Theorem	elqsg 8762*	Closed form of elqs 8763. (Contributed by Rodolfo Medina, 12-Oct-2010.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝐵 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅) ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 = [𝑥]𝑅))
Theorem	elqs 8763*	Membership in a quotient set. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.)
⊢ 𝐵 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐵 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅) ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 = [𝑥]𝑅)
Theorem	elqsi 8764*	Membership in a quotient set. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅) → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 = [𝑥]𝑅)
Theorem	elqsecl 8765*	Membership in a quotient set by an equivalence class according to ∼. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 12-Apr-2018.) (Revised by AV, 30-Apr-2021.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 → (𝐵 ∈ (𝑊 / ∼ ) ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑊 𝐵 = {𝑦 ∣ 𝑥 ∼ 𝑦}))
Theorem	ecelqs 8766	Membership of an equivalence class in a quotient set. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 10-Jun-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.) (Revised by Peter Mazsa, 22-Nov-2025.)
⊢ (((𝑅 ↾ 𝐴) ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴) → [𝐵]𝑅 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅))
Theorem	ecelqsw 8767	Membership of an equivalence class in a quotient set. More restrictive antecedent; kept for backward compatibility; for new work, prefer ecelqs 8766. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 10-Jun-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.) (Proof shortened by AV, 25-Nov-2025.)
⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴) → [𝐵]𝑅 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅))
Theorem	ecelqsi 8768	Membership of an equivalence class in a quotient set. (Contributed by NM, 25-Jul-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝑅 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 → [𝐵]𝑅 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅))
Theorem	ecopqsi 8769	"Closure" law for equivalence class of ordered pairs. (Contributed by NM, 25-Mar-1996.)
⊢ 𝑅 ∈ V    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = ((𝐴 × 𝐴) / 𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐵 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴) → [⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩]𝑅 ∈ 𝑆)
Theorem	qsexg 8770	A quotient set exists. (Contributed by FL, 19-May-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝐴 / 𝑅) ∈ V)
Theorem	qsex 8771	A quotient set exists. (Contributed by NM, 14-Aug-1995.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 / 𝑅) ∈ V
Theorem	uniqs 8772	The union of a quotient set, like uniqsw 8773 but with a weaker antecedent: only the restriction of 𝑅 by 𝐴 needs to be a set, not 𝑅 itself, see e.g. cnvepima 38967. (Contributed by NM, 9-Dec-2008.) (Revised by Peter Mazsa, 20-Jun-2019.)
⊢ ((𝑅 ↾ 𝐴) ∈ 𝑉 → ∪ (𝐴 / 𝑅) = (𝑅 “ 𝐴))
Theorem	uniqsw 8773	The union of a quotient set. More restrictive antecedent; kept for backward compatibility; for new work, prefer uniqs 8772. (Contributed by NM, 9-Dec-2008.) (Proof shortened by AV, 25-Nov-2025.)
⊢ (𝑅 ∈ 𝑉 → ∪ (𝐴 / 𝑅) = (𝑅 “ 𝐴))
Theorem	qsss 8774	A quotient set is a set of subsets of the base set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 / 𝑅) ⊆ 𝒫 𝐴)
Theorem	uniqs2 8775	The union of a quotient set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 11-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∪ (𝐴 / 𝑅) = 𝐴)
Theorem	snecg 8776	The singleton of a coset is the singleton quotient. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 25-Mar-2019.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → {[𝐴]𝑅} = ({𝐴} / 𝑅))
Theorem	snec 8777	The singleton of an equivalence class. (Contributed by NM, 29-Jan-1999.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ {[𝐴]𝑅} = ({𝐴} / 𝑅)
Theorem	ecqs 8778	Equivalence class in terms of quotient set. (Contributed by NM, 29-Jan-1999.)
⊢ 𝑅 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ [𝐴]𝑅 = ∪ ({𝐴} / 𝑅)
Theorem	ecid 8779	A set is equal to its coset under the converse membership relation. (Note: the converse membership relation is not an equivalence relation.) (Contributed by NM, 13-Aug-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ [𝐴]◡ E = 𝐴
Theorem	qsid 8780	A set is equal to its quotient set modulo the converse membership relation. (Note: the converse membership relation is not an equivalence relation.) (Contributed by NM, 13-Aug-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (𝐴 / ◡ E ) = 𝐴
Theorem	ectocld 8781*	Implicit substitution of class for equivalence class. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝑆 = (𝐵 / 𝑅)    &   ⊢ ([𝑥]𝑅 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ ((𝜒 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵) → 𝜑)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜒 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑆) → 𝜓)
Theorem	ectocl 8782*	Implicit substitution of class for equivalence class. (Contributed by NM, 23-Jul-1995.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 9-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝑆 = (𝐵 / 𝑅)    &   ⊢ ([𝑥]𝑅 = 𝐴 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 → 𝜑)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑆 → 𝜓)
Theorem	elqsn0 8783	A quotient set does not contain the empty set. (Contributed by NM, 24-Aug-1995.)
⊢ ((dom 𝑅 = 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅)) → 𝐵 ≠ ∅)
Theorem	ecelqsdm 8784	Membership of an equivalence class in a quotient set. (Contributed by NM, 30-Jul-1995.)
⊢ ((dom 𝑅 = 𝐴 ∧ [𝐵]𝑅 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅)) → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴)
Theorem	ecelqsdmb 8785	𝑅-coset of 𝐵 in a quotient set, biconditional version. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 17-Apr-2019.) (Revised by Peter Mazsa, 22-Nov-2025.)
⊢ (((𝑅 ↾ 𝐴) ∈ 𝑉 ∧ dom 𝑅 = 𝐴) → ([𝐵]𝑅 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅) ↔ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴))
Theorem	eceldmqs 8786	𝑅-coset in its domain quotient. This is the bridge between 𝐴 in the domain and its block [𝐴]𝑅 in its domain quotient. (Contributed by Peter Mazsa, 17-Apr-2019.) (Revised by Peter Mazsa, 22-Nov-2025.)
⊢ (𝑅 ∈ 𝑉 → ([𝐴]𝑅 ∈ (dom 𝑅 / 𝑅) ↔ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑅))
Theorem	xpider 8787	A Cartesian square is an equivalence relation (in general, it is not a poset). (Contributed by FL, 31-Jul-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝐴 × 𝐴) Er 𝐴
Theorem	iiner 8788*	The intersection of a nonempty family of equivalence relations is an equivalence relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Sep-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ≠ ∅ ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑅 Er 𝐵) → ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑅 Er 𝐵)
Theorem	riiner 8789*	The relative intersection of a family of equivalence relations is an equivalence relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑅 Er 𝐵 → ((𝐵 × 𝐵) ∩ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑅) Er 𝐵)
Theorem	erinxp 8790	A restricted equivalence relation is an equivalence relation. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-Jul-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑅 ∩ (𝐵 × 𝐵)) Er 𝐵)
Theorem	ecinxp 8791	Restrict the relation in an equivalence class to a base set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-Jul-2015.)
⊢ (((𝑅 “ 𝐴) ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴) → [𝐵]𝑅 = [𝐵](𝑅 ∩ (𝐴 × 𝐴)))
Theorem	qsinxp 8792	Restrict the equivalence relation in a quotient set to the base set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Feb-2015.)
⊢ ((𝑅 “ 𝐴) ⊆ 𝐴 → (𝐴 / 𝑅) = (𝐴 / (𝑅 ∩ (𝐴 × 𝐴))))
Theorem	qsdisj 8793	Members of a quotient set do not overlap. (Contributed by Rodolfo Medina, 12-Oct-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 11-Jul-2014.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐵 = 𝐶 ∨ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = ∅))
Theorem	qsdisj2 8794*	A quotient set is a disjoint set. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 10-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (𝑅 Er 𝑋 → Disj 𝑥 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅)𝑥)
Theorem	qsel 8795	If an element of a quotient set contains a given element, it is equal to the equivalence class of the element. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ((𝑅 Er 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝐴 / 𝑅) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐵) → 𝐵 = [𝐶]𝑅)
Theorem	uniinqs 8796	Class union distributes over the intersection of two subclasses of a quotient space. Compare uniin 4897. (Contributed by FL, 25-May-2007.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 11-Jul-2014.)
⊢ 𝑅 Er 𝑋    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐵 ⊆ (𝐴 / 𝑅) ∧ 𝐶 ⊆ (𝐴 / 𝑅)) → ∪ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = (∪ 𝐵 ∩ ∪ 𝐶))
Theorem	qliftlem 8797*	Lemma for theorems about a function lift. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.) (Revised by AV, 3-Aug-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = ran (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ ⟨[𝑥]𝑅, 𝐴⟩)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋) → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋) → [𝑥]𝑅 ∈ (𝑋 / 𝑅))
Theorem	qliftrel 8798*	𝐹, a function lift, is a subset of 𝑅 × 𝑆. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.) (Revised by AV, 3-Aug-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = ran (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ ⟨[𝑥]𝑅, 𝐴⟩)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋) → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ⊆ ((𝑋 / 𝑅) × 𝑌))
Theorem	qliftel 8799*	Elementhood in the relation 𝐹. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.) (Revised by AV, 3-Aug-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = ran (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ ⟨[𝑥]𝑅, 𝐴⟩)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋) → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ([𝐶]𝑅𝐹𝐷 ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 (𝐶𝑅𝑥 ∧ 𝐷 = 𝐴)))
Theorem	qliftel1 8800*	Elementhood in the relation 𝐹. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.) (Revised by AV, 3-Aug-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = ran (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ↦ ⟨[𝑥]𝑅, 𝐴⟩)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋) → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Er 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋) → [𝑥]𝑅𝐹𝐴)