P. 328 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 32701-32800   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	cgr3rflx 32701	Identity law for three-place congruence. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 6-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → ⟨𝐴, ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩⟩Cgr3⟨𝐴, ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩⟩)
Theorem	cgrxfr 32702*	A line segment can be divided at the same place as a congruent line segment is divided. Theorem 4.5 of [Schwabhauser] p. 35. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → ((𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩Cgr⟨𝐷, 𝐹⟩) → ∃𝑒 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)(𝑒 Btwn ⟨𝐷, 𝐹⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐴, ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩⟩Cgr3⟨𝐷, ⟨𝑒, 𝐹⟩⟩)))
Theorem	btwnxfr 32703	A condition for extending betweenness to a new set of points based on congruence with another set of points. Theorem 4.6 of [Schwabhauser] p. 36. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 4-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → ((𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐴, ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩⟩Cgr3⟨𝐷, ⟨𝐸, 𝐹⟩⟩) → 𝐸 Btwn ⟨𝐷, 𝐹⟩))
Theorem	colinrel 32704	Colinearity is a relationship. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 7-Nov-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ Rel Colinear
Theorem	brcolinear2 32705*	Alternate colinearity binary relation. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 7-Nov-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑄 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑅 ∈ 𝑊) → (𝑃 Colinear ⟨𝑄, 𝑅⟩ ↔ ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ ((𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑛) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑛) ∧ 𝑅 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑛)) ∧ (𝑃 Btwn ⟨𝑄, 𝑅⟩ ∨ 𝑄 Btwn ⟨𝑅, 𝑃⟩ ∨ 𝑅 Btwn ⟨𝑃, 𝑄⟩))))
Theorem	brcolinear 32706	The binary relation form of the colinearity predicate. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 5-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (𝐴 Colinear ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩ ↔ (𝐴 Btwn ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩ ∨ 𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐶, 𝐴⟩ ∨ 𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩)))
Theorem	colinearex 32707	The colinear predicate exists. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 25-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ Colinear ∈ V
Theorem	colineardim1 32708	If 𝐴 is colinear with 𝐵 and 𝐶, then 𝐴 is in the same space as 𝐵. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 25-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑊)) → (𝐴 Colinear ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩ → 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)))
Theorem	colinearperm1 32709	Permutation law for colinearity. Part of theorem 4.11 of [Schwabhauser] p. 36. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 5-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (𝐴 Colinear ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩ ↔ 𝐴 Colinear ⟨𝐶, 𝐵⟩))
Theorem	colinearperm3 32710	Permutation law for colinearity. Part of theorem 4.11 of [Schwabhauser] p. 36. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 5-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (𝐴 Colinear ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩ ↔ 𝐵 Colinear ⟨𝐶, 𝐴⟩))
Theorem	colinearperm2 32711	Permutation law for colinearity. Part of theorem 4.11 of [Schwabhauser] p. 36. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 5-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (𝐴 Colinear ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩ ↔ 𝐵 Colinear ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩))
Theorem	colinearperm4 32712	Permutation law for colinearity. Part of theorem 4.11 of [Schwabhauser] p. 36. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 5-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (𝐴 Colinear ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩ ↔ 𝐶 Colinear ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩))
Theorem	colinearperm5 32713	Permutation law for colinearity. Part of theorem 4.11 of [Schwabhauser] p. 36. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 5-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (𝐴 Colinear ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩ ↔ 𝐶 Colinear ⟨𝐵, 𝐴⟩))
Theorem	colineartriv1 32714	Trivial case of colinearity. Theorem 4.12 of [Schwabhauser] p. 37. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 5-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) → 𝐴 Colinear ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩)
Theorem	colineartriv2 32715	Trivial case of colinearity. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) → 𝐴 Colinear ⟨𝐵, 𝐵⟩)
Theorem	btwncolinear1 32716	Betweenness implies colinearity. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 7-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ → 𝐴 Colinear ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩))
Theorem	btwncolinear2 32717	Betweenness implies colinearity. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 15-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ → 𝐴 Colinear ⟨𝐶, 𝐵⟩))
Theorem	btwncolinear3 32718	Betweenness implies colinearity. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 15-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ → 𝐵 Colinear ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩))
Theorem	btwncolinear4 32719	Betweenness implies colinearity. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 15-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ → 𝐵 Colinear ⟨𝐶, 𝐴⟩))
Theorem	btwncolinear5 32720	Betweenness implies colinearity. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 15-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ → 𝐶 Colinear ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩))
Theorem	btwncolinear6 32721	Betweenness implies colinearity. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 15-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ → 𝐶 Colinear ⟨𝐵, 𝐴⟩))
Theorem	colinearxfr 32722	Transfer law for colinearity. Theorem 4.13 of [Schwabhauser] p. 37. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 5-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → ((𝐵 Colinear ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐴, ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩⟩Cgr3⟨𝐷, ⟨𝐸, 𝐹⟩⟩) → 𝐸 Colinear ⟨𝐷, 𝐹⟩))
Theorem	lineext 32723*	Extend a line with a missing point. Theorem 4.14 of [Schwabhauser] p. 37. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 6-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → ((𝐴 Colinear ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩Cgr⟨𝐷, 𝐸⟩) → ∃𝑓 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)⟨𝐴, ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩⟩Cgr3⟨𝐷, ⟨𝐸, 𝑓⟩⟩))
Theorem	brofs2 32724	Change some conditions for outer five segment predicate. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 6-Oct-2013.)
⊢ (((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐹 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐻 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (⟨⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩, ⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩⟩ OuterFiveSeg ⟨⟨𝐸, 𝐹⟩, ⟨𝐺, 𝐻⟩⟩ ↔ (𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐴, ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩⟩Cgr3⟨𝐸, ⟨𝐹, 𝐺⟩⟩ ∧ (⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩Cgr⟨𝐸, 𝐻⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐵, 𝐷⟩Cgr⟨𝐹, 𝐻⟩))))
Theorem	brifs2 32725	Change some conditions for inner five segment predicate. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 6-Oct-2013.)
⊢ (((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐹 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐻 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (⟨⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩, ⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩⟩ InnerFiveSeg ⟨⟨𝐸, 𝐹⟩, ⟨𝐺, 𝐻⟩⟩ ↔ (𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐴, ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩⟩Cgr3⟨𝐸, ⟨𝐹, 𝐺⟩⟩ ∧ (⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩Cgr⟨𝐸, 𝐻⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩Cgr⟨𝐺, 𝐻⟩))))
Theorem	brfs 32726	Binary relation form of the general five segment predicate. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 5-Oct-2013.)
⊢ (((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐹 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐻 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (⟨⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩, ⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩⟩ FiveSeg ⟨⟨𝐸, 𝐹⟩, ⟨𝐺, 𝐻⟩⟩ ↔ (𝐴 Colinear ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐴, ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩⟩Cgr3⟨𝐸, ⟨𝐹, 𝐺⟩⟩ ∧ (⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩Cgr⟨𝐸, 𝐻⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐵, 𝐷⟩Cgr⟨𝐹, 𝐻⟩))))
Theorem	fscgr 32727	Congruence law for the general five segment configuration. Theorem 4.16 of [Schwabhauser] p. 37. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 5-Oct-2013.)
⊢ (((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐹 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐻 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → ((⟨⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩, ⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩⟩ FiveSeg ⟨⟨𝐸, 𝐹⟩, ⟨𝐺, 𝐻⟩⟩ ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 𝐵) → ⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩Cgr⟨𝐺, 𝐻⟩))
Theorem	linecgr 32728	Congruence rule for lines. Theorem 4.17 of [Schwabhauser] p. 37. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 6-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (((𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐴 Colinear ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩) ∧ (⟨𝐴, 𝑃⟩Cgr⟨𝐴, 𝑄⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐵, 𝑃⟩Cgr⟨𝐵, 𝑄⟩)) → ⟨𝐶, 𝑃⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝑄⟩))
Theorem	linecgrand 32729	Deduction form of linecgr 32728. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 14-Oct-2013.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → 𝐴 ≠ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → 𝐴 Colinear ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → ⟨𝐴, 𝑃⟩Cgr⟨𝐴, 𝑄⟩)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → ⟨𝐵, 𝑃⟩Cgr⟨𝐵, 𝑄⟩)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → ⟨𝐶, 𝑃⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝑄⟩)
Theorem	lineid 32730	Identity law for points on lines. Theorem 4.18 of [Schwabhauser] p. 38. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 7-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (((𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐴 Colinear ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩) ∧ (⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩Cgr⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩Cgr⟨𝐵, 𝐷⟩)) → 𝐶 = 𝐷))
Theorem	idinside 32731	Law for finding a point inside a segment. Theorem 4.19 of [Schwabhauser] p. 38. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 7-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → ((𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩Cgr⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩Cgr⟨𝐵, 𝐷⟩) → 𝐶 = 𝐷))
Theorem	endofsegid 32732	If 𝐴, 𝐵, and 𝐶 fall in order on a line, and 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐴𝐶 are congruent, then 𝐶 = 𝐵. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 7-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → ((𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩Cgr⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩) → 𝐶 = 𝐵))
Theorem	endofsegidand 32733	Deduction form of endofsegid 32732. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 15-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → 𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩Cgr⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝜓) → 𝐵 = 𝐶)
20.8.32.5  Connectivity of betweenness
Theorem	btwnconn1lem1 32734	Lemma for btwnconn1 32748. The next several lemmas introduce various properties of hypothetical points that end up eliminating alternatives to connectivity. We begin by showing a congruence property of those hypothetical points. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 8-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑐 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝑑 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑏 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑋 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) ∧ (((𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ (𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ 𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝐷 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑐⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐷, 𝑐⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩) ∧ (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑑⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑑⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝑐 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑐, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐵⟩) ∧ (𝑑 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑋⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑑, 𝑋⟩Cgr⟨𝐷, 𝐵⟩)))) → ⟨𝐵, 𝑐⟩Cgr⟨𝑋, 𝐶⟩)
Theorem	btwnconn1lem2 32735	Lemma for btwnconn1 32748. Now, we show that two of the hypotheticals we introduced in the first lemma are identical. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 8-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑐 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝑑 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑏 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑋 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) ∧ (((𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ (𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ 𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝐷 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑐⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐷, 𝑐⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩) ∧ (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑑⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑑⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝑐 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑐, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐵⟩) ∧ (𝑑 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑋⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑑, 𝑋⟩Cgr⟨𝐷, 𝐵⟩)))) → 𝑋 = 𝑏)
Theorem	btwnconn1lem3 32736	Lemma for btwnconn1 32748. Establish the next congruence in the series. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 8-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑐 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝑑 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑏 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) ∧ (((𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ (𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ 𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝐷 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑐⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐷, 𝑐⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩) ∧ (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑑⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑑⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝑐 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑐, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐵⟩) ∧ (𝑑 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑑, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐷, 𝐵⟩)))) → ⟨𝐵, 𝑑⟩Cgr⟨𝑏, 𝐷⟩)
Theorem	btwnconn1lem4 32737	Lemma for btwnconn1 32748. Assuming 𝐶 ≠ 𝑐, we now attempt to force 𝐷 = 𝑑 from here out via a series of congruences. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 8-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑐 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝑑 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑏 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) ∧ (((𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐶 ≠ 𝑐) ∧ (𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ 𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝐷 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑐⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐷, 𝑐⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩) ∧ (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑑⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑑⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝑐 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑐, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐵⟩) ∧ (𝑑 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑑, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐷, 𝐵⟩)))) → ⟨𝑑, 𝑐⟩Cgr⟨𝐷, 𝐶⟩)
Theorem	btwnconn1lem5 32738	Lemma for btwnconn1 32748. Now, we introduce 𝐸, the intersection of 𝐶𝑐 and 𝐷𝑑. We begin by showing that it is the midpoint of 𝐶 and 𝑐. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 8-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑐 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝑑 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑏 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) ∧ ((((𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐶 ≠ 𝑐) ∧ (𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ 𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝐷 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑐⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐷, 𝑐⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩) ∧ (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑑⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑑⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝑐 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑐, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐵⟩) ∧ (𝑑 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑑, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐷, 𝐵⟩))) ∧ (𝐸 Btwn ⟨𝐶, 𝑐⟩ ∧ 𝐸 Btwn ⟨𝐷, 𝑑⟩))) → ⟨𝐸, 𝐶⟩Cgr⟨𝐸, 𝑐⟩)
Theorem	btwnconn1lem6 32739	Lemma for btwnconn1 32748. Next, we show that 𝐸 is the midpoint of 𝐷 and 𝑑. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 8-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑐 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝑑 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑏 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) ∧ ((((𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐶 ≠ 𝑐) ∧ (𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ 𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝐷 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑐⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐷, 𝑐⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩) ∧ (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑑⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑑⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝑐 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑐, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐵⟩) ∧ (𝑑 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑑, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐷, 𝐵⟩))) ∧ (𝐸 Btwn ⟨𝐶, 𝑐⟩ ∧ 𝐸 Btwn ⟨𝐷, 𝑑⟩))) → ⟨𝐸, 𝐷⟩Cgr⟨𝐸, 𝑑⟩)
Theorem	btwnconn1lem7 32740	Lemma for btwnconn1 32748. Under our assumptions, 𝐶 and 𝑑 are distinct. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 8-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑐 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝑑 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑏 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) ∧ ((((𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐶 ≠ 𝑐) ∧ (𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ 𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝐷 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑐⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐷, 𝑐⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩) ∧ (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑑⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑑⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝑐 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑐, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐵⟩) ∧ (𝑑 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑑, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐷, 𝐵⟩))) ∧ (𝐸 Btwn ⟨𝐶, 𝑐⟩ ∧ 𝐸 Btwn ⟨𝐷, 𝑑⟩))) → 𝐶 ≠ 𝑑)
Theorem	btwnconn1lem8 32741	Lemma for btwnconn1 32748. Now, we introduce the last three points used in the construction: 𝑃, 𝑄, and 𝑅 will turn out to be equal further down, and will provide us with the key to the final statement. We begin by establishing congruence of 𝑅𝑃 and 𝐸𝑑. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 8-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ ((𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑐 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝑑 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑏 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) ∧ (𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑅 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) ∧ ((((𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐶 ≠ 𝑐) ∧ (𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ 𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝐷 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑐⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐷, 𝑐⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩) ∧ (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑑⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑑⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝑐 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑐, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐵⟩) ∧ (𝑑 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑑, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐷, 𝐵⟩))) ∧ ((𝐸 Btwn ⟨𝐶, 𝑐⟩ ∧ 𝐸 Btwn ⟨𝐷, 𝑑⟩) ∧ ((𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝑐, 𝑃⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑃⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝑑⟩) ∧ (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝑑, 𝑅⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑅⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐸⟩) ∧ (𝑅 Btwn ⟨𝑃, 𝑄⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑅, 𝑄⟩Cgr⟨𝑅, 𝑃⟩))))) → ⟨𝑅, 𝑃⟩Cgr⟨𝐸, 𝑑⟩)
Theorem	btwnconn1lem9 32742	Lemma for btwnconn1 32748. Now, a quick use of transitivity to establish congruence on 𝑅𝑄 and 𝐸𝐷. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 8-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ ((𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑐 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝑑 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑏 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) ∧ (𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑅 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) ∧ ((((𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐶 ≠ 𝑐) ∧ (𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ 𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝐷 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑐⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐷, 𝑐⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩) ∧ (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑑⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑑⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝑐 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑐, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐵⟩) ∧ (𝑑 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑑, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐷, 𝐵⟩))) ∧ ((𝐸 Btwn ⟨𝐶, 𝑐⟩ ∧ 𝐸 Btwn ⟨𝐷, 𝑑⟩) ∧ ((𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝑐, 𝑃⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑃⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝑑⟩) ∧ (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝑑, 𝑅⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑅⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐸⟩) ∧ (𝑅 Btwn ⟨𝑃, 𝑄⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑅, 𝑄⟩Cgr⟨𝑅, 𝑃⟩))))) → ⟨𝑅, 𝑄⟩Cgr⟨𝐸, 𝐷⟩)
Theorem	btwnconn1lem10 32743	Lemma for btwnconn1 32748. Now we establish a congruence that will give us 𝐷 = 𝑑 when we compute 𝑃 = 𝑄 later on. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 8-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ ((𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑐 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝑑 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑏 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) ∧ (𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑅 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) ∧ ((((𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐶 ≠ 𝑐) ∧ (𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ 𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝐷 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑐⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐷, 𝑐⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩) ∧ (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑑⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑑⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝑐 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑐, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐵⟩) ∧ (𝑑 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑑, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐷, 𝐵⟩))) ∧ ((𝐸 Btwn ⟨𝐶, 𝑐⟩ ∧ 𝐸 Btwn ⟨𝐷, 𝑑⟩) ∧ ((𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝑐, 𝑃⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑃⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝑑⟩) ∧ (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝑑, 𝑅⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑅⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐸⟩) ∧ (𝑅 Btwn ⟨𝑃, 𝑄⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑅, 𝑄⟩Cgr⟨𝑅, 𝑃⟩))))) → ⟨𝑑, 𝐷⟩Cgr⟨𝑃, 𝑄⟩)
Theorem	btwnconn1lem11 32744	Lemma for btwnconn1 32748. Now, we establish that 𝐷 and 𝑄 are equidistant from 𝐶. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 8-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ ((𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑐 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝑑 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑏 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) ∧ (𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑅 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) ∧ ((((𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐶 ≠ 𝑐) ∧ (𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ 𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝐷 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑐⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐷, 𝑐⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩) ∧ (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑑⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑑⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝑐 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑐, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐵⟩) ∧ (𝑑 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑑, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐷, 𝐵⟩))) ∧ ((𝐸 Btwn ⟨𝐶, 𝑐⟩ ∧ 𝐸 Btwn ⟨𝐷, 𝑑⟩) ∧ ((𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝑐, 𝑃⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑃⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝑑⟩) ∧ (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝑑, 𝑅⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑅⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐸⟩) ∧ (𝑅 Btwn ⟨𝑃, 𝑄⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑅, 𝑄⟩Cgr⟨𝑅, 𝑃⟩))))) → ⟨𝐷, 𝐶⟩Cgr⟨𝑄, 𝐶⟩)
Theorem	btwnconn1lem12 32745	Lemma for btwnconn1 32748. Using a long string of invocations of linecgr 32728, we show that 𝐷 = 𝑑. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 9-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ ((𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑐 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝑑 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑏 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) ∧ (𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑅 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) ∧ ((((𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐶 ≠ 𝑐) ∧ (𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ 𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝐷 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑐⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐷, 𝑐⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩) ∧ (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑑⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑑⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝑐 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑐, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐵⟩) ∧ (𝑑 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑑, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐷, 𝐵⟩))) ∧ ((𝐸 Btwn ⟨𝐶, 𝑐⟩ ∧ 𝐸 Btwn ⟨𝐷, 𝑑⟩) ∧ ((𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝑐, 𝑃⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑃⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝑑⟩) ∧ (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝑑, 𝑅⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑅⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐸⟩) ∧ (𝑅 Btwn ⟨𝑃, 𝑄⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑅, 𝑄⟩Cgr⟨𝑅, 𝑃⟩))))) → 𝐷 = 𝑑)
Theorem	btwnconn1lem13 32746	Lemma for btwnconn1 32748. Begin back-filling and eliminating hypotheses. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 9-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ ((𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑐 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝑑 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑏 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)))) ∧ (((𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ (𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ 𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝐷 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑐⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐷, 𝑐⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩) ∧ (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑑⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝑑⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩)) ∧ ((𝑐 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑐, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐵⟩) ∧ (𝑑 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑏⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑑, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝐷, 𝐵⟩)))) → (𝐶 = 𝑐 ∨ 𝐷 = 𝑑))
Theorem	btwnconn1lem14 32747	Lemma for btwnconn1 32748. Final statement of the theorem when 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 9-Oct-2013.)
⊢ (((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) ∧ ((𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) ∧ (𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ 𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩))) → (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩ ∨ 𝐷 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩))
Theorem	btwnconn1 32748	Connectitivy law for betweenness. Theorem 5.1 of [Schwabhauser] p. 39-41. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 9-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → ((𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ 𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩) → (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩ ∨ 𝐷 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩)))
Theorem	btwnconn2 32749	Another connectivity law for betweenness. Theorem 5.2 of [Schwabhauser] p. 41. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 9-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → ((𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ 𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩) → (𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐵, 𝐷⟩ ∨ 𝐷 Btwn ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩)))
Theorem	btwnconn3 32750	Inner connectivity law for betweenness. Theorem 5.3 of [Schwabhauser] p. 41. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 9-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → ((𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩ ∧ 𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩) → (𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∨ 𝐶 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩)))
Theorem	midofsegid 32751	If two points fall in the same place in the middle of a segment, then they are identical. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 16-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → ((𝐷 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ ∧ 𝐸 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐴, 𝐷⟩Cgr⟨𝐴, 𝐸⟩) → 𝐷 = 𝐸))
Theorem	segcon2 32752*	Generalization of axsegcon 26227. This time, we generate an endpoint for a segment on the ray 𝑄𝐴 congruent to 𝐵𝐶 and starting at 𝑄, as opposed to axsegcon 26227, where the segment starts at 𝐴 (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 14-Oct-2013.) Remove unneeded inequality. (Revised by Scott Fenton, 15-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝑄 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → ∃𝑥 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)((𝐴 Btwn ⟨𝑄, 𝑥⟩ ∨ 𝑥 Btwn ⟨𝑄, 𝐴⟩) ∧ ⟨𝑄, 𝑥⟩Cgr⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩))
20.8.32.6  Segment less than or equal to
Syntax	csegle 32753	Declare the constant for the segment less than or equal to relationship.
class Seg≤
Definition	df-segle 32754*	Define the segment length comparison relationship. This relationship expresses that the segment 𝐴𝐵 is no longer than 𝐶𝐷. In this section, we establish various properties of this relationship showing that it is a transitive, reflexive relationship on pairs of points that is substitutive under congruence. Definition 5.4 of [Schwabhauser] p. 41. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 11-Oct-2013.)
⊢ Seg≤ = {⟨𝑝, 𝑞⟩ ∣ ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ ∃𝑎 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑛)∃𝑏 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑛)∃𝑐 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑛)∃𝑑 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑛)(𝑝 = ⟨𝑎, 𝑏⟩ ∧ 𝑞 = ⟨𝑐, 𝑑⟩ ∧ ∃𝑦 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑛)(𝑦 Btwn ⟨𝑐, 𝑑⟩ ∧ ⟨𝑎, 𝑏⟩Cgr⟨𝑐, 𝑦⟩))}
Theorem	brsegle 32755*	Binary relation form of the segment comparison relationship. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 11-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ Seg≤ ⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩ ↔ ∃𝑦 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)(𝑦 Btwn ⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝑦⟩)))
Theorem	brsegle2 32756*	Alternate characterization of segment comparison. Theorem 5.5 of [Schwabhauser] p. 41-42. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 11-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ Seg≤ ⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩ ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)(𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑥⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐴, 𝑥⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩)))
Theorem	seglecgr12im 32757	Substitution law for segment comparison under congruence. Theorem 5.6 of [Schwabhauser] p. 42. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 11-Oct-2013.)
⊢ (((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐹 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐻 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → ((⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩Cgr⟨𝐸, 𝐹⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩Cgr⟨𝐺, 𝐻⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ Seg≤ ⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩) → ⟨𝐸, 𝐹⟩ Seg≤ ⟨𝐺, 𝐻⟩))
Theorem	seglecgr12 32758	Substitution law for segment comparison under congruence. Biconditional version. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 15-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ (((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐹 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐻 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → ((⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩Cgr⟨𝐸, 𝐹⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩Cgr⟨𝐺, 𝐻⟩) → (⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ Seg≤ ⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩ ↔ ⟨𝐸, 𝐹⟩ Seg≤ ⟨𝐺, 𝐻⟩)))
Theorem	seglerflx 32759	Segment comparison is reflexive. Theorem 5.7 of [Schwabhauser] p. 42. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 11-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) → ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ Seg≤ ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩)
Theorem	seglemin 32760	Any segment is at least as long as a degenerate segment. Theorem 5.11 of [Schwabhauser] p. 42. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 11-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → ⟨𝐴, 𝐴⟩ Seg≤ ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩)
Theorem	segletr 32761	Segment less than is transitive. Theorem 5.8 of [Schwabhauser] p. 42. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 11-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → ((⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ Seg≤ ⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩ Seg≤ ⟨𝐸, 𝐹⟩) → ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ Seg≤ ⟨𝐸, 𝐹⟩))
Theorem	segleantisym 32762	Antisymmetry law for segment comparison. Theorem 5.9 of [Schwabhauser] p. 42. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 14-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → ((⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ Seg≤ ⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩ Seg≤ ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩) → ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩Cgr⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩))
Theorem	seglelin 32763	Linearity law for segment comparison. Theorem 5.10 of [Schwabhauser] p. 42. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 14-Oct-2013.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐷 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ Seg≤ ⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩ ∨ ⟨𝐶, 𝐷⟩ Seg≤ ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩))
Theorem	btwnsegle 32764	If 𝐵 falls between 𝐴 and 𝐶, then 𝐴𝐵 is no longer than 𝐴𝐶. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 16-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ → ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ Seg≤ ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩))
Theorem	colinbtwnle 32765	Given three colinear points 𝐴, 𝐵, and 𝐶, 𝐵 falls in the middle iff the two segments to 𝐵 are no longer than 𝐴𝐶. Theorem 5.12 of [Schwabhauser] p. 42. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 15-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (𝐴 Colinear ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩ → (𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ↔ (⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ Seg≤ ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩ Seg≤ ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩))))
20.8.32.7  Outside-of relationship
Syntax	coutsideof 32766	Declare the syntax for the outside of constant.
class OutsideOf
Definition	df-outsideof 32767	The outside of relationship. This relationship expresses that 𝑃, 𝐴, and 𝐵 fall on a line, but 𝑃 is not on the segment 𝐴𝐵. This definition is taken from theorem 6.4 of [Schwabhauser] p. 43, since it requires no dummy variables. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 17-Oct-2013.)
⊢ OutsideOf = ( Colinear ∖ Btwn )
Theorem	broutsideof 32768	Binary relation form of OutsideOf. Theorem 6.4 of [Schwabhauser] p. 43. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 17-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ (𝑃OutsideOf⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ ↔ (𝑃 Colinear ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ ∧ ¬ 𝑃 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩))
Theorem	broutsideof2 32769	Alternate form of OutsideOf. Definition 6.1 of [Schwabhauser] p. 43. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 17-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (𝑃OutsideOf⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ ↔ (𝐴 ≠ 𝑃 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝑃 ∧ (𝐴 Btwn ⟨𝑃, 𝐵⟩ ∨ 𝐵 Btwn ⟨𝑃, 𝐴⟩))))
Theorem	outsidene1 32770	Outsideness implies inequality. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (𝑃OutsideOf⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ → 𝐴 ≠ 𝑃))
Theorem	outsidene2 32771	Outsideness implies inequality. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (𝑃OutsideOf⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ → 𝐵 ≠ 𝑃))
Theorem	btwnoutside 32772	A principle linking outsideness to betweenness. Theorem 6.2 of [Schwabhauser] p. 43. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (((𝐴 ≠ 𝑃 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝑃 ∧ 𝐶 ≠ 𝑃) ∧ 𝑃 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩) → (𝑃 Btwn ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩ ↔ 𝑃OutsideOf⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩)))
Theorem	broutsideof3 32773*	Characterization of outsideness in terms of relationship to a fourth point. Theorem 6.3 of [Schwabhauser] p. 43. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (𝑃OutsideOf⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ ↔ (𝐴 ≠ 𝑃 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝑃 ∧ ∃𝑐 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)(𝑐 ≠ 𝑃 ∧ 𝑃 Btwn ⟨𝐴, 𝑐⟩ ∧ 𝑃 Btwn ⟨𝐵, 𝑐⟩))))
Theorem	outsideofrflx 32774	Reflexitivity of outsideness. Theorem 6.5 of [Schwabhauser] p. 44. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) → (𝐴 ≠ 𝑃 → 𝑃OutsideOf⟨𝐴, 𝐴⟩))
Theorem	outsideofcom 32775	Commutitivity law for outsideness. Theorem 6.6 of [Schwabhauser] p. 44. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (𝑃OutsideOf⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ ↔ 𝑃OutsideOf⟨𝐵, 𝐴⟩))
Theorem	outsideoftr 32776	Transitivity law for outsideness. Theorem 6.7 of [Schwabhauser] p. 44. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → ((𝑃OutsideOf⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ ∧ 𝑃OutsideOf⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩) → 𝑃OutsideOf⟨𝐴, 𝐶⟩))
Theorem	outsideofeq 32777	Uniqueness law for OutsideOf. Analogue of segconeq 32657. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 24-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑅 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑋 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑌 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (((𝐴OutsideOf⟨𝑋, 𝑅⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐴, 𝑋⟩Cgr⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩) ∧ (𝐴OutsideOf⟨𝑌, 𝑅⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐴, 𝑌⟩Cgr⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩)) → 𝑋 = 𝑌))
Theorem	outsideofeu 32778*	Given a nondegenerate ray, there is a unique point congruent to the segment 𝐵𝐶 lying on the ray 𝐴𝑅. Theorem 6.11 of [Schwabhauser] p. 44. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 23-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑅 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → ((𝑅 ≠ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶) → ∃!𝑥 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)(𝐴OutsideOf⟨𝑥, 𝑅⟩ ∧ ⟨𝐴, 𝑥⟩Cgr⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩)))
Theorem	outsidele 32779	Relate OutsideOf to Seg≤. Theorem 6.13 of [Schwabhauser] p. 45. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 24-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁))) → (𝑃OutsideOf⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ → (⟨𝑃, 𝐴⟩ Seg≤ ⟨𝑃, 𝐵⟩ ↔ 𝐴 Btwn ⟨𝑃, 𝐵⟩)))
Theorem	outsideofcol 32780	Outside of implies colinearity. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 26-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ (𝑃OutsideOf⟨𝑄, 𝑅⟩ → 𝑃 Colinear ⟨𝑄, 𝑅⟩)
20.8.32.8  Lines and Rays
Syntax	cline2 32781	Declare the constant for the line function.
class Line
Syntax	cray 32782	Declare the constant for the ray function.
class Ray
Syntax	clines2 32783	Declare the constant for the set of all lines.
class LinesEE
Definition	df-line2 32784*	Define the Line function. This function generates the line passing through the distinct points 𝑎 and 𝑏. Adapted from definition 6.14 of [Schwabhauser] p. 45. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 25-Oct-2013.)
⊢ Line = {⟨⟨𝑎, 𝑏⟩, 𝑙⟩ ∣ ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ ((𝑎 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑛) ∧ 𝑏 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑛) ∧ 𝑎 ≠ 𝑏) ∧ 𝑙 = [⟨𝑎, 𝑏⟩]◡ Colinear )}
Definition	df-ray 32785*	Define the Ray function. This function generates the set of all points that lie on the ray starting at 𝑝 and passing through 𝑎. Definition 6.8 of [Schwabhauser] p. 44. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 21-Oct-2013.)
⊢ Ray = {⟨⟨𝑝, 𝑎⟩, 𝑟⟩ ∣ ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ ((𝑝 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑛) ∧ 𝑎 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑛) ∧ 𝑝 ≠ 𝑎) ∧ 𝑟 = {𝑥 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑛) ∣ 𝑝OutsideOf⟨𝑎, 𝑥⟩})}
Definition	df-lines2 32786	Define the set of all lines. Definition 6.14, part 2 of [Schwabhauser] p. 45. See ellines 32799 for membership. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 28-Oct-2013.)
⊢ LinesEE = ran Line
Theorem	funray 32787	Show that the Ray relationship is a function. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 21-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ Fun Ray
Theorem	fvray 32788*	Calculate the value of the Ray function. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 21-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝐴)) → (𝑃Ray𝐴) = {𝑥 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∣ 𝑃OutsideOf⟨𝐴, 𝑥⟩})
Theorem	funline 32789	Show that the Line relationship is a function. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 25-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ Fun Line
Theorem	linedegen 32790	When Line is applied with the same argument, the result is the empty set. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 29-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ (𝐴Line𝐴) = ∅
Theorem	fvline 32791*	Calculate the value of the Line function. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 25-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 𝐵)) → (𝐴Line𝐵) = {𝑥 ∣ 𝑥 Colinear ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩})
Theorem	liness 32792	A line is a subset of the space its two points lie in. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 25-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 𝐵)) → (𝐴Line𝐵) ⊆ (𝔼‘𝑁))
Theorem	fvline2 32793*	Alternate definition of a line. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 25-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝐴 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 𝐵)) → (𝐴Line𝐵) = {𝑥 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∣ 𝑥 Colinear ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩})
Theorem	lineunray 32794	A line is composed of a point and the two rays emerging from it. Theorem 6.15 of [Schwabhauser] p. 45. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 26-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑅 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁)) ∧ (𝑃 ≠ 𝑄 ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑅)) → (𝑃 Btwn ⟨𝑄, 𝑅⟩ → (𝑃Line𝑄) = (((𝑃Ray𝑄) ∪ {𝑃}) ∪ (𝑃Ray𝑅))))
Theorem	lineelsb2 32795	If 𝑆 lies on 𝑃𝑄, then 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑃𝑆. Theorem 6.16 of [Schwabhauser] p. 45. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 27-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) ∧ (𝑆 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑆)) → (𝑆 ∈ (𝑃Line𝑄) → (𝑃Line𝑄) = (𝑃Line𝑆)))
Theorem	linerflx1 32796	Reflexivity law for line membership. Part of theorem 6.17 of [Schwabhauser] p. 45. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 28-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄)) → 𝑃 ∈ (𝑃Line𝑄))
Theorem	linecom 32797	Commutativity law for lines. Part of theorem 6.17 of [Schwabhauser] p. 45. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 28-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄)) → (𝑃Line𝑄) = (𝑄Line𝑃))
Theorem	linerflx2 32798	Reflexivity law for line membership. Part of theorem 6.17 of [Schwabhauser] p. 45. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 28-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ (𝑃 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑄 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑁) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄)) → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃Line𝑄))
Theorem	ellines 32799*	Membership in the set of all lines. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 28-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ LinesEE ↔ ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ ∃𝑝 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑛)∃𝑞 ∈ (𝔼‘𝑛)(𝑝 ≠ 𝑞 ∧ 𝐴 = (𝑝Line𝑞)))
Theorem	linethru 32800	If 𝐴 is a line containing two distinct points 𝑃 and 𝑄, then 𝐴 is the line through 𝑃 and 𝑄. Theorem 6.18 of [Schwabhauser] p. 45. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 28-Oct-2013.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 19-Apr-2014.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ LinesEE ∧ (𝑃 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑄 ∈ 𝐴) ∧ 𝑃 ≠ 𝑄) → 𝐴 = (𝑃Line𝑄))