P. 424 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 42301-42400   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
21.34.4.5  Infinite Sets
Theorem	pwelg 42301*	The powerclass is an element of a class closed under union and powerclass operations iff the element is a member of that class. (Contributed by RP, 21-Mar-2020.)
⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 (∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝒫 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝐴 ∈ 𝐵 ↔ 𝒫 𝐴 ∈ 𝐵))
Theorem	pwinfig 42302*	The powerclass of an infinite set is an infinite set, and vice-versa. Here 𝐵 is a class which is closed under both the union and the powerclass operations and which may have infinite sets as members. (Contributed by RP, 21-Mar-2020.)
⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 (∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝒫 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝐴 ∈ (𝐵 ∖ Fin) ↔ 𝒫 𝐴 ∈ (𝐵 ∖ Fin)))
Theorem	pwinfi2 42303	The powerclass of an infinite set is an infinite set, and vice-versa. Here 𝑈 is a weak universe. (Contributed by RP, 21-Mar-2020.)
⊢ (𝑈 ∈ WUni → (𝐴 ∈ (𝑈 ∖ Fin) ↔ 𝒫 𝐴 ∈ (𝑈 ∖ Fin)))
Theorem	pwinfi3 42304	The powerclass of an infinite set is an infinite set, and vice-versa. Here 𝑇 is a transitive Tarski universe. (Contributed by RP, 21-Mar-2020.)
⊢ ((𝑇 ∈ Tarski ∧ Tr 𝑇) → (𝐴 ∈ (𝑇 ∖ Fin) ↔ 𝒫 𝐴 ∈ (𝑇 ∖ Fin)))
Theorem	pwinfi 42305	The powerclass of an infinite set is an infinite set, and vice-versa. (Contributed by RP, 21-Mar-2020.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (V ∖ Fin) ↔ 𝒫 𝐴 ∈ (V ∖ Fin))
21.34.4.6  Finite intersection property While there is not yet a definition, the finite intersection property of a class is introduced by fiint 9323 where two textbook definitions are shown to be equivalent. This property is seen often with ordinal numbers (onin 6395, ordelinel 6465), chains of sets ordered by the proper subset relation (sorpssin 7720), various sets in the field of topology (inopn 22400, incld 22546, innei 22628, ... ) and "universal" classes like weak universes (wunin 10707, tskin 10753) and the class of all sets (inex1g 5319).
Theorem	fipjust 42306*	A definition of the finite intersection property of a class based on closure under pairwise intersection of its elements is independent of the dummy variables. (Contributed by RP, 1-Jan-2020.)
⊢ (∀𝑢 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑣 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑢 ∩ 𝑣) ∈ 𝐴 ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥 ∩ 𝑦) ∈ 𝐴)
Theorem	cllem0 42307*	The class of all sets with property 𝜑(𝑧) is closed under the binary operation on sets defined in 𝑅(𝑥, 𝑦). (Contributed by RP, 3-Jan-2020.)
⊢ 𝑉 = {𝑧 ∣ 𝜑}    &   ⊢ 𝑅 ∈ 𝑈    &   ⊢ (𝑧 = 𝑅 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    &   ⊢ (𝑧 = 𝑥 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑧 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ ((𝜒 ∧ 𝜃) → 𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑉 𝑅 ∈ 𝑉
Theorem	superficl 42308*	The class of all supersets of a class has the finite intersection property. (Contributed by RP, 1-Jan-2020.) (Proof shortened by RP, 3-Jan-2020.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑧 ∣ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝑧}    ⇒   ⊢ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥 ∩ 𝑦) ∈ 𝐴
Theorem	superuncl 42309*	The class of all supersets of a class is closed under binary union. (Contributed by RP, 3-Jan-2020.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑧 ∣ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝑧}    ⇒   ⊢ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥 ∪ 𝑦) ∈ 𝐴
Theorem	ssficl 42310*	The class of all subsets of a class has the finite intersection property. (Contributed by RP, 1-Jan-2020.) (Proof shortened by RP, 3-Jan-2020.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑧 ∣ 𝑧 ⊆ 𝐵}    ⇒   ⊢ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥 ∩ 𝑦) ∈ 𝐴
Theorem	ssuncl 42311*	The class of all subsets of a class is closed under binary union. (Contributed by RP, 3-Jan-2020.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑧 ∣ 𝑧 ⊆ 𝐵}    ⇒   ⊢ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥 ∪ 𝑦) ∈ 𝐴
Theorem	ssdifcl 42312*	The class of all subsets of a class is closed under class difference. (Contributed by RP, 3-Jan-2020.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑧 ∣ 𝑧 ⊆ 𝐵}    ⇒   ⊢ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥 ∖ 𝑦) ∈ 𝐴
Theorem	sssymdifcl 42313*	The class of all subsets of a class is closed under symmetric difference. (Contributed by RP, 3-Jan-2020.)
⊢ 𝐴 = {𝑧 ∣ 𝑧 ⊆ 𝐵}    ⇒   ⊢ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 ((𝑥 ∖ 𝑦) ∪ (𝑦 ∖ 𝑥)) ∈ 𝐴
Theorem	fiinfi 42314*	If two classes have the finite intersection property, then so does their intersection. (Contributed by RP, 1-Jan-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥 ∩ 𝑦) ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑥 ∩ 𝑦) ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐶 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐶 (𝑥 ∩ 𝑦) ∈ 𝐶)
21.34.4.7  RP ADDTO: Subclasses and subsets
Theorem	rababg 42315	Condition when restricted class is equal to unrestricted class. (Contributed by RP, 13-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (∀𝑥(𝜑 → 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) ↔ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∣ 𝜑} = {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑})
21.34.4.8  RP ADDTO: The intersection of a class
Theorem	elinintab 42316*	Two ways of saying a set is an element of the intersection of a class with the intersection of a class. (Contributed by RP, 13-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (𝐵 ∩ ∩ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑}) ↔ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ ∀𝑥(𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑥)))
Theorem	elmapintrab 42317*	Two ways to say a set is an element of the intersection of a class of images. (Contributed by RP, 16-Aug-2020.)
⊢ 𝐶 ∈ V    &   ⊢ 𝐶 ⊆ 𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝐴 ∈ ∩ {𝑤 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑤 = 𝐶 ∧ 𝜑)} ↔ ((∃𝑥𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑥(𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐶))))
21.34.4.9  RP ADDTO: Theorems requiring subset and intersection existence
Theorem	elinintrab 42318*	Two ways of saying a set is an element of the intersection of a class with the intersection of a class. (Contributed by RP, 14-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝐴 ∈ ∩ {𝑤 ∈ 𝒫 𝐵 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑤 = (𝐵 ∩ 𝑥) ∧ 𝜑)} ↔ ((∃𝑥𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑥(𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑥))))
Theorem	inintabss 42319*	Upper bound on intersection of class and the intersection of a class. (Contributed by RP, 13-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∩ ∩ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑}) ⊆ ∩ {𝑤 ∈ 𝒫 𝐴 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑤 = (𝐴 ∩ 𝑥) ∧ 𝜑)}
Theorem	inintabd 42320*	Value of the intersection of class with the intersection of a nonempty class. (Contributed by RP, 13-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 ∩ ∩ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜓}) = ∩ {𝑤 ∈ 𝒫 𝐴 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑤 = (𝐴 ∩ 𝑥) ∧ 𝜓)})
21.34.4.10  RP ADDTO: Relations
Theorem	xpinintabd 42321*	Value of the intersection of Cartesian product with the intersection of a nonempty class. (Contributed by RP, 12-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐴 × 𝐵) ∩ ∩ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜓}) = ∩ {𝑤 ∈ 𝒫 (𝐴 × 𝐵) ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑤 = ((𝐴 × 𝐵) ∩ 𝑥) ∧ 𝜓)})
Theorem	relintabex 42322	If the intersection of a class is a relation, then the class is nonempty. (Contributed by RP, 12-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (Rel ∩ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} → ∃𝑥𝜑)
Theorem	elcnvcnvintab 42323*	Two ways of saying a set is an element of the converse of the converse of the intersection of a class. (Contributed by RP, 20-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ◡◡∩ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} ↔ (𝐴 ∈ (V × V) ∧ ∀𝑥(𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑥)))
Theorem	relintab 42324*	Value of the intersection of a class when it is a relation. (Contributed by RP, 12-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (Rel ∩ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} → ∩ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} = ∩ {𝑤 ∈ 𝒫 (V × V) ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑤 = ◡◡𝑥 ∧ 𝜑)})
Theorem	nonrel 42325	A non-relation is equal to the base class with all ordered pairs removed. (Contributed by RP, 25-Oct-2020.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∖ ◡◡𝐴) = (𝐴 ∖ (V × V))
Theorem	elnonrel 42326	Only an ordered pair where not both entries are sets could be an element of the non-relation part of class. (Contributed by RP, 25-Oct-2020.)
⊢ (⟨𝑋, 𝑌⟩ ∈ (𝐴 ∖ ◡◡𝐴) ↔ (∅ ∈ 𝐴 ∧ ¬ (𝑋 ∈ V ∧ 𝑌 ∈ V)))
Theorem	cnvssb 42327	Subclass theorem for converse. (Contributed by RP, 22-Oct-2020.)
⊢ (Rel 𝐴 → (𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ↔ ◡𝐴 ⊆ ◡𝐵))
Theorem	relnonrel 42328	The non-relation part of a relation is empty. (Contributed by RP, 22-Oct-2020.)
⊢ (Rel 𝐴 ↔ (𝐴 ∖ ◡◡𝐴) = ∅)
Theorem	cnvnonrel 42329	The converse of the non-relation part of a class is empty. (Contributed by RP, 18-Oct-2020.)
⊢ ◡(𝐴 ∖ ◡◡𝐴) = ∅
Theorem	brnonrel 42330	A non-relation cannot relate any two classes. (Contributed by RP, 23-Oct-2020.)
⊢ ((𝑋 ∈ 𝑈 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑉) → ¬ 𝑋(𝐴 ∖ ◡◡𝐴)𝑌)
Theorem	dmnonrel 42331	The domain of the non-relation part of a class is empty. (Contributed by RP, 22-Oct-2020.)
⊢ dom (𝐴 ∖ ◡◡𝐴) = ∅
Theorem	rnnonrel 42332	The range of the non-relation part of a class is empty. (Contributed by RP, 22-Oct-2020.)
⊢ ran (𝐴 ∖ ◡◡𝐴) = ∅
Theorem	resnonrel 42333	A restriction of the non-relation part of a class is empty. (Contributed by RP, 22-Oct-2020.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∖ ◡◡𝐴) ↾ 𝐵) = ∅
Theorem	imanonrel 42334	An image under the non-relation part of a class is empty. (Contributed by RP, 22-Oct-2020.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∖ ◡◡𝐴) “ 𝐵) = ∅
Theorem	cononrel1 42335	Composition with the non-relation part of a class is empty. (Contributed by RP, 22-Oct-2020.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∖ ◡◡𝐴) ∘ 𝐵) = ∅
Theorem	cononrel2 42336	Composition with the non-relation part of a class is empty. (Contributed by RP, 22-Oct-2020.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∘ (𝐵 ∖ ◡◡𝐵)) = ∅
21.34.4.11  RP ADDTO: Functions See also idssxp 6048 by Thierry Arnoux.
Theorem	elmapintab 42337*	Two ways to say a set is an element of mapped intersection of a class. Here 𝐹 maps elements of 𝐶 to elements of ∩ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} or 𝑥. (Contributed by RP, 19-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐵 ↔ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ (𝐹‘𝐴) ∈ ∩ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑}))    &   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐸 ↔ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ (𝐹‘𝐴) ∈ 𝑥))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐵 ↔ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐶 ∧ ∀𝑥(𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐸)))
Theorem	fvnonrel 42338	The function value of any class under a non-relation is empty. (Contributed by RP, 23-Oct-2020.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∖ ◡◡𝐴)‘𝑋) = ∅
Theorem	elinlem 42339	Two ways to say a set is a member of an intersection. (Contributed by RP, 19-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) ↔ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ ( I ‘𝐴) ∈ 𝐶))
Theorem	elcnvcnvlem 42340	Two ways to say a set is a member of the converse of the converse of a class. (Contributed by RP, 20-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ◡◡𝐵 ↔ (𝐴 ∈ (V × V) ∧ ( I ‘𝐴) ∈ 𝐵))
21.34.4.12  RP ADDTO: Finite induction (for finite ordinals) Original probably needs new subsection for Relation-related existence theorems.
Theorem	cnvcnvintabd 42341*	Value of the relationship content of the intersection of a class. (Contributed by RP, 20-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ◡◡∩ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜓} = ∩ {𝑤 ∈ 𝒫 (V × V) ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑤 = ◡◡𝑥 ∧ 𝜓)})
21.34.4.13  RP ADDTO: First and second members of an ordered pair
Theorem	elcnvlem 42342	Two ways to say a set is a member of the converse of a class. (Contributed by RP, 19-Aug-2020.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ (V × V) ↦ ⟨(2nd ‘𝑥), (1st ‘𝑥)⟩)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ◡𝐵 ↔ (𝐴 ∈ (V × V) ∧ (𝐹‘𝐴) ∈ 𝐵))
Theorem	elcnvintab 42343*	Two ways of saying a set is an element of the converse of the intersection of a class. (Contributed by RP, 19-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ◡∩ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} ↔ (𝐴 ∈ (V × V) ∧ ∀𝑥(𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ◡𝑥)))
Theorem	cnvintabd 42344*	Value of the converse of the intersection of a nonempty class. (Contributed by RP, 20-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥𝜓)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ◡∩ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜓} = ∩ {𝑤 ∈ 𝒫 (V × V) ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑤 = ◡𝑥 ∧ 𝜓)})
21.34.4.14  RP ADDTO: The reflexive and transitive properties of relations
Theorem	undmrnresiss 42345*	Two ways of saying the identity relation restricted to the union of the domain and range of a relation is a subset of a relation. Generalization of reflexg 42346. (Contributed by RP, 26-Sep-2020.)
⊢ (( I ↾ (dom 𝐴 ∪ ran 𝐴)) ⊆ 𝐵 ↔ ∀𝑥∀𝑦(𝑥𝐴𝑦 → (𝑥𝐵𝑥 ∧ 𝑦𝐵𝑦)))
Theorem	reflexg 42346*	Two ways of saying a relation is reflexive over its domain and range. (Contributed by RP, 4-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (( I ↾ (dom 𝐴 ∪ ran 𝐴)) ⊆ 𝐴 ↔ ∀𝑥∀𝑦(𝑥𝐴𝑦 → (𝑥𝐴𝑥 ∧ 𝑦𝐴𝑦)))
Theorem	cnvssco 42347*	A condition weaker than reflexivity. (Contributed by RP, 3-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (◡𝐴 ⊆ ◡(𝐵 ∘ 𝐶) ↔ ∀𝑥∀𝑦∃𝑧(𝑥𝐴𝑦 → (𝑥𝐶𝑧 ∧ 𝑧𝐵𝑦)))
Theorem	refimssco 42348	Reflexive relations are subsets of their self-composition. (Contributed by RP, 4-Aug-2020.)
⊢ (( I ↾ (dom 𝐴 ∪ ran 𝐴)) ⊆ 𝐴 → ◡𝐴 ⊆ ◡(𝐴 ∘ 𝐴))
21.34.4.15  RP ADDTO: Basic properties of closures
Theorem	cleq2lem 42349	Equality implies bijection. (Contributed by RP, 24-Jul-2020.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → ((𝑅 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ 𝜑) ↔ (𝑅 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ 𝜓)))
Theorem	cbvcllem 42350*	Change of bound variable in class of supersets of a with a property. (Contributed by RP, 24-Jul-2020.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑦 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ {𝑥 ∣ (𝑋 ⊆ 𝑥 ∧ 𝜑)} = {𝑦 ∣ (𝑋 ⊆ 𝑦 ∧ 𝜓)}
Theorem	clublem 42351*	If a superset 𝑌 of 𝑋 possesses the property parameterized in 𝑥 in 𝜓, then 𝑌 is a superset of the closure of that property for the set 𝑋. (Contributed by RP, 23-Jul-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑌 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ⊆ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝜒)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∩ {𝑥 ∣ (𝑋 ⊆ 𝑥 ∧ 𝜓)} ⊆ 𝑌)
Theorem	clss2lem 42352*	The closure of a property is a superset of the closure of a less restrictive property. (Contributed by RP, 24-Jul-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝜒 → 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∩ {𝑥 ∣ (𝑋 ⊆ 𝑥 ∧ 𝜓)} ⊆ ∩ {𝑥 ∣ (𝑋 ⊆ 𝑥 ∧ 𝜒)})
Theorem	dfid7 42353*	Definition of identity relation as the trivial closure. (Contributed by RP, 26-Jul-2020.)
⊢ I = (𝑥 ∈ V ↦ ∩ {𝑦 ∣ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝑦 ∧ ⊤)})
Theorem	mptrcllem 42354*	Show two versions of a closure with reflexive properties are equal. (Contributed by RP, 19-Oct-2020.)
⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 → ∩ {𝑦 ∣ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝑦 ∧ (𝜑 ∧ ( I ↾ (dom 𝑦 ∪ ran 𝑦)) ⊆ 𝑦))} ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 → ∩ {𝑧 ∣ ((𝑥 ∪ ( I ↾ (dom 𝑥 ∪ ran 𝑥))) ⊆ 𝑧 ∧ 𝜓)} ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝜒)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝜃)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝜏)    &   ⊢ (𝑦 = ∩ {𝑧 ∣ ((𝑥 ∪ ( I ↾ (dom 𝑥 ∪ ran 𝑥))) ⊆ 𝑧 ∧ 𝜓)} → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑦 = ∩ {𝑧 ∣ ((𝑥 ∪ ( I ↾ (dom 𝑥 ∪ ran 𝑥))) ⊆ 𝑧 ∧ 𝜓)} → (( I ↾ (dom 𝑦 ∪ ran 𝑦)) ⊆ 𝑦 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑧 = ∩ {𝑦 ∣ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝑦 ∧ (𝜑 ∧ ( I ↾ (dom 𝑦 ∪ ran 𝑦)) ⊆ 𝑦))} → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜏))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 ↦ ∩ {𝑦 ∣ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝑦 ∧ (𝜑 ∧ ( I ↾ (dom 𝑦 ∪ ran 𝑦)) ⊆ 𝑦))}) = (𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 ↦ ∩ {𝑧 ∣ ((𝑥 ∪ ( I ↾ (dom 𝑥 ∪ ran 𝑥))) ⊆ 𝑧 ∧ 𝜓)})
Theorem	cotrintab 42355	The intersection of a class is a transitive relation if membership in the class implies the member is a transitive relation. (Contributed by RP, 28-Oct-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∘ 𝑥) ⊆ 𝑥)    ⇒   ⊢ (∩ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑} ∘ ∩ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑}) ⊆ ∩ {𝑥 ∣ 𝜑}
Theorem	rclexi 42356*	The reflexive closure of a set exists. (Contributed by RP, 27-Oct-2020.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉    ⇒   ⊢ ∩ {𝑥 ∣ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝑥 ∧ ( I ↾ (dom 𝑥 ∪ ran 𝑥)) ⊆ 𝑥)} ∈ V
Theorem	rtrclexlem 42357	Existence of relation implies existence of union with Cartesian product of domain and range. (Contributed by RP, 1-Nov-2020.)
⊢ (𝑅 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝑅 ∪ ((dom 𝑅 ∪ ran 𝑅) × (dom 𝑅 ∪ ran 𝑅))) ∈ V)
Theorem	rtrclex 42358*	The reflexive-transitive closure of a set exists. (Contributed by RP, 1-Nov-2020.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ V ↔ ∩ {𝑥 ∣ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝑥 ∧ ((𝑥 ∘ 𝑥) ⊆ 𝑥 ∧ ( I ↾ (dom 𝑥 ∪ ran 𝑥)) ⊆ 𝑥))} ∈ V)
Theorem	trclubgNEW 42359*	If a relation exists then the transitive closure has an upper bound. (Contributed by RP, 24-Jul-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ V)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∩ {𝑥 ∣ (𝑅 ⊆ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ∘ 𝑥) ⊆ 𝑥)} ⊆ (𝑅 ∪ (dom 𝑅 × ran 𝑅)))
Theorem	trclubNEW 42360*	If a relation exists then the transitive closure has an upper bound. (Contributed by RP, 24-Jul-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → Rel 𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∩ {𝑥 ∣ (𝑅 ⊆ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ∘ 𝑥) ⊆ 𝑥)} ⊆ (dom 𝑅 × ran 𝑅))
Theorem	trclexi 42361*	The transitive closure of a set exists. (Contributed by RP, 27-Oct-2020.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉    ⇒   ⊢ ∩ {𝑥 ∣ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ∘ 𝑥) ⊆ 𝑥)} ∈ V
Theorem	rtrclexi 42362*	The reflexive-transitive closure of a set exists. (Contributed by RP, 27-Oct-2020.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉    ⇒   ⊢ ∩ {𝑥 ∣ (𝐴 ⊆ 𝑥 ∧ ((𝑥 ∘ 𝑥) ⊆ 𝑥 ∧ ( I ↾ (dom 𝑥 ∪ ran 𝑥)) ⊆ 𝑥))} ∈ V
Theorem	clrellem 42363*	When the property 𝜓 holds for a relation substituted for 𝑥, then the closure on that property is a relation if the base set is a relation. (Contributed by RP, 30-Jul-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → Rel 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = ◡◡𝑌 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ⊆ 𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝜒)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → Rel ∩ {𝑥 ∣ (𝑋 ⊆ 𝑥 ∧ 𝜓)})
Theorem	clcnvlem 42364*	When 𝐴, an upper bound of the closure, exists and certain substitutions hold the converse of the closure is equal to the closure of the converse. (Contributed by RP, 18-Oct-2020.)
⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 = (◡𝑦 ∪ (𝑋 ∖ ◡◡𝑋))) → (𝜒 → 𝜓))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑦 = ◡𝑥) → (𝜓 → 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝐴 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ⊆ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝜃)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ◡∩ {𝑥 ∣ (𝑋 ⊆ 𝑥 ∧ 𝜓)} = ∩ {𝑦 ∣ (◡𝑋 ⊆ 𝑦 ∧ 𝜒)})
Theorem	cnvtrucl0 42365*	The converse of the trivial closure is equal to the closure of the converse. (Contributed by RP, 18-Oct-2020.)
⊢ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → ◡∩ {𝑥 ∣ (𝑋 ⊆ 𝑥 ∧ ⊤)} = ∩ {𝑦 ∣ (◡𝑋 ⊆ 𝑦 ∧ ⊤)})
Theorem	cnvrcl0 42366*	The converse of the reflexive closure is equal to the closure of the converse. (Contributed by RP, 18-Oct-2020.)
⊢ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → ◡∩ {𝑥 ∣ (𝑋 ⊆ 𝑥 ∧ ( I ↾ (dom 𝑥 ∪ ran 𝑥)) ⊆ 𝑥)} = ∩ {𝑦 ∣ (◡𝑋 ⊆ 𝑦 ∧ ( I ↾ (dom 𝑦 ∪ ran 𝑦)) ⊆ 𝑦)})
Theorem	cnvtrcl0 42367*	The converse of the transitive closure is equal to the closure of the converse. (Contributed by RP, 18-Oct-2020.)
⊢ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → ◡∩ {𝑥 ∣ (𝑋 ⊆ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ∘ 𝑥) ⊆ 𝑥)} = ∩ {𝑦 ∣ (◡𝑋 ⊆ 𝑦 ∧ (𝑦 ∘ 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑦)})
Theorem	dmtrcl 42368*	The domain of the transitive closure is equal to the domain of its base relation. (Contributed by RP, 1-Nov-2020.)
⊢ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → dom ∩ {𝑥 ∣ (𝑋 ⊆ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ∘ 𝑥) ⊆ 𝑥)} = dom 𝑋)
Theorem	rntrcl 42369*	The range of the transitive closure is equal to the range of its base relation. (Contributed by RP, 1-Nov-2020.)
⊢ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 → ran ∩ {𝑥 ∣ (𝑋 ⊆ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ∘ 𝑥) ⊆ 𝑥)} = ran 𝑋)
Theorem	dfrtrcl5 42370*	Definition of reflexive-transitive closure as a standard closure. (Contributed by RP, 1-Nov-2020.)
⊢ t* = (𝑥 ∈ V ↦ ∩ {𝑦 ∣ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝑦 ∧ (( I ↾ (dom 𝑦 ∪ ran 𝑦)) ⊆ 𝑦 ∧ (𝑦 ∘ 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑦))})
21.34.4.16  RP REPLACE: Definitions and basic properties of transitive closures
Theorem	trcleq2lemRP 42371	Equality implies bijection. (Contributed by RP, 5-May-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → ((𝑅 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ (𝐴 ∘ 𝐴) ⊆ 𝐴) ↔ (𝑅 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ (𝐵 ∘ 𝐵) ⊆ 𝐵)))
21.34.4.17  Additions for square root; absolute value This is based on the observation that the real and imaginary parts of a complex number can be calculated from the number's absolute and real part and the sign of its imaginary part. Formalization of the formula in sqrtcval 42382 was motivated by a short Michael Penn video.
Theorem	sqrtcvallem1 42372	Two ways of saying a complex number does not lie on the positive real axis. Lemma for sqrtcval 42382. (Contributed by RP, 17-May-2024.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (((ℑ‘𝐴) = 0 → (ℜ‘𝐴) ≤ 0) ↔ ¬ 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+))
Theorem	reabsifneg 42373	Alternate expression for the absolute value of a real number. Lemma for sqrtcval 42382. (Contributed by RP, 11-May-2024.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℝ → (abs‘𝐴) = if(𝐴 < 0, -𝐴, 𝐴))
Theorem	reabsifnpos 42374	Alternate expression for the absolute value of a real number. (Contributed by RP, 11-May-2024.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℝ → (abs‘𝐴) = if(𝐴 ≤ 0, -𝐴, 𝐴))
Theorem	reabsifpos 42375	Alternate expression for the absolute value of a real number. (Contributed by RP, 11-May-2024.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℝ → (abs‘𝐴) = if(0 < 𝐴, 𝐴, -𝐴))
Theorem	reabsifnneg 42376	Alternate expression for the absolute value of a real number. (Contributed by RP, 11-May-2024.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℝ → (abs‘𝐴) = if(0 ≤ 𝐴, 𝐴, -𝐴))
Theorem	reabssgn 42377	Alternate expression for the absolute value of a real number. (Contributed by RP, 22-May-2024.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℝ → (abs‘𝐴) = ((sgn‘𝐴) · 𝐴))
Theorem	sqrtcvallem2 42378	Equivalent to saying that the square of the imaginary component of the square root of a complex number is a nonnegative real number. Lemma for sqrtcval 42382. See imsqrtval 42385. (Contributed by RP, 11-May-2024.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → 0 ≤ (((abs‘𝐴) − (ℜ‘𝐴)) / 2))
Theorem	sqrtcvallem3 42379	Equivalent to saying that the absolute value of the imaginary component of the square root of a complex number is a real number. Lemma for sqrtcval 42382, sqrtcval2 42383, resqrtval 42384, and imsqrtval 42385. (Contributed by RP, 11-May-2024.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (√‘(((abs‘𝐴) − (ℜ‘𝐴)) / 2)) ∈ ℝ)
Theorem	sqrtcvallem4 42380	Equivalent to saying that the square of the real component of the square root of a complex number is a nonnegative real number. Lemma for sqrtcval 42382. See resqrtval 42384. (Contributed by RP, 11-May-2024.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → 0 ≤ (((abs‘𝐴) + (ℜ‘𝐴)) / 2))
Theorem	sqrtcvallem5 42381	Equivalent to saying that the real component of the square root of a complex number is a real number. Lemma for resqrtval 42384 and imsqrtval 42385. (Contributed by RP, 11-May-2024.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (√‘(((abs‘𝐴) + (ℜ‘𝐴)) / 2)) ∈ ℝ)
Theorem	sqrtcval 42382	Explicit formula for the complex square root in terms of the square root of nonnegative reals. The right-hand side is decomposed into real and imaginary parts in the format expected by crrei 15138 and crimi 15139. This formula can be found in section 3.7.27 of Handbook of Mathematical Functions, ed. M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun (1965, Dover Press). (Contributed by RP, 18-May-2024.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (√‘𝐴) = ((√‘(((abs‘𝐴) + (ℜ‘𝐴)) / 2)) + (i · (if((ℑ‘𝐴) < 0, -1, 1) · (√‘(((abs‘𝐴) − (ℜ‘𝐴)) / 2))))))
Theorem	sqrtcval2 42383	Explicit formula for the complex square root in terms of the square root of nonnegative reals. The right side is slightly more compact than sqrtcval 42382. (Contributed by RP, 18-May-2024.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (√‘𝐴) = ((√‘(((abs‘𝐴) + (ℜ‘𝐴)) / 2)) + (if((ℑ‘𝐴) < 0, -i, i) · (√‘(((abs‘𝐴) − (ℜ‘𝐴)) / 2)))))
Theorem	resqrtval 42384	Real part of the complex square root. (Contributed by RP, 18-May-2024.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (ℜ‘(√‘𝐴)) = (√‘(((abs‘𝐴) + (ℜ‘𝐴)) / 2)))
Theorem	imsqrtval 42385	Imaginary part of the complex square root. (Contributed by RP, 18-May-2024.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ℂ → (ℑ‘(√‘𝐴)) = (if((ℑ‘𝐴) < 0, -1, 1) · (√‘(((abs‘𝐴) − (ℜ‘𝐴)) / 2))))
Theorem	resqrtvalex 42386	Example for resqrtval 42384. (Contributed by RP, 21-May-2024.)
⊢ (ℜ‘(√‘(;15 + (i · 8)))) = 4
Theorem	imsqrtvalex 42387	Example for imsqrtval 42385. (Contributed by RP, 21-May-2024.)
⊢ (ℑ‘(√‘(;15 + (i · 8)))) = 1
21.34.5  Additional statements on relations and subclasses
Theorem	al3im 42388	Version of ax-4 1811 for a nested implication. (Contributed by RP, 13-Apr-2020.)
⊢ (∀𝑥(𝜑 → (𝜓 → (𝜒 → 𝜃))) → (∀𝑥𝜑 → (∀𝑥𝜓 → (∀𝑥𝜒 → ∀𝑥𝜃))))
Theorem	intima0 42389*	Two ways of expressing the intersection of images of a class. (Contributed by RP, 13-Apr-2020.)
⊢ ∩ 𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑎 “ 𝐵) = ∩ {𝑥 ∣ ∃𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 𝑥 = (𝑎 “ 𝐵)}
Theorem	elimaint 42390*	Element of image of intersection. (Contributed by RP, 13-Apr-2020.)
⊢ (𝑦 ∈ (∩ 𝐴 “ 𝐵) ↔ ∃𝑏 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 ⟨𝑏, 𝑦⟩ ∈ 𝑎)
Theorem	cnviun 42391*	Converse of indexed union. (Contributed by RP, 20-Jun-2020.)
⊢ ◡∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 = ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ◡𝐵
Theorem	imaiun1 42392*	The image of an indexed union is the indexed union of the images. (Contributed by RP, 29-Jun-2020.)
⊢ (∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 “ 𝐶) = ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐵 “ 𝐶)
Theorem	coiun1 42393*	Composition with an indexed union. Proof analgous to that of coiun 6255. (Contributed by RP, 20-Jun-2020.)
⊢ (∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐶 𝐴 ∘ 𝐵) = ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐶 (𝐴 ∘ 𝐵)
Theorem	elintima 42394*	Element of intersection of images. (Contributed by RP, 13-Apr-2020.)
⊢ (𝑦 ∈ ∩ {𝑥 ∣ ∃𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 𝑥 = (𝑎 “ 𝐵)} ↔ ∀𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑏 ∈ 𝐵 ⟨𝑏, 𝑦⟩ ∈ 𝑎)
Theorem	intimass 42395*	The image under the intersection of relations is a subset of the intersection of the images. (Contributed by RP, 13-Apr-2020.)
⊢ (∩ 𝐴 “ 𝐵) ⊆ ∩ {𝑥 ∣ ∃𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 𝑥 = (𝑎 “ 𝐵)}
Theorem	intimass2 42396*	The image under the intersection of relations is a subset of the intersection of the images. (Contributed by RP, 13-Apr-2020.)
⊢ (∩ 𝐴 “ 𝐵) ⊆ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥 “ 𝐵)
Theorem	intimag 42397*	Requirement for the image under the intersection of relations to equal the intersection of the images of those relations. (Contributed by RP, 13-Apr-2020.)
⊢ (∀𝑦(∀𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑏 ∈ 𝐵 ⟨𝑏, 𝑦⟩ ∈ 𝑎 → ∃𝑏 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 ⟨𝑏, 𝑦⟩ ∈ 𝑎) → (∩ 𝐴 “ 𝐵) = ∩ {𝑥 ∣ ∃𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 𝑥 = (𝑎 “ 𝐵)})
Theorem	intimasn 42398*	Two ways to express the image of a singleton when the relation is an intersection. (Contributed by RP, 13-Apr-2020.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 → (∩ 𝐴 “ {𝐵}) = ∩ {𝑥 ∣ ∃𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 𝑥 = (𝑎 “ {𝐵})})
Theorem	intimasn2 42399*	Two ways to express the image of a singleton when the relation is an intersection. (Contributed by RP, 13-Apr-2020.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 → (∩ 𝐴 “ {𝐵}) = ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑥 “ {𝐵}))
Theorem	ss2iundf 42400*	Subclass theorem for indexed union. (Contributed by RP, 17-Jul-2020.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝜑    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝑌    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝐴    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝐵    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐶    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝐶    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐷    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑦𝐺    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝑌 ∈ 𝐶)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑌) → 𝐷 = 𝐺)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 ⊆ ∪ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐶 𝐷)