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**Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer -** 37901-38000 *Has distinct variable group(s)
Type	Label	Description
Statement

21.24.16 Rings

Syntax	crngo 37901	Extend class notation with the class of all unital rings.
class RingOps

Definition	df-rngo 37902*	Define the class of all unital rings. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 21-Nov-2006.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ RingOps = {⟨𝑔, ℎ⟩ ∣ ((𝑔 ∈ AbelOp ∧ ℎ:(ran 𝑔 × ran 𝑔)⟶ran 𝑔) ∧ (∀𝑥 ∈ ran 𝑔∀𝑦 ∈ ran 𝑔∀𝑧 ∈ ran 𝑔(((𝑥ℎ𝑦)ℎ𝑧) = (𝑥ℎ(𝑦ℎ𝑧)) ∧ (𝑥ℎ(𝑦𝑔𝑧)) = ((𝑥ℎ𝑦)𝑔(𝑥ℎ𝑧)) ∧ ((𝑥𝑔𝑦)ℎ𝑧) = ((𝑥ℎ𝑧)𝑔(𝑦ℎ𝑧))) ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ ran 𝑔∀𝑦 ∈ ran 𝑔((𝑥ℎ𝑦) = 𝑦 ∧ (𝑦ℎ𝑥) = 𝑦)))}

Theorem	relrngo 37903	The class of all unital rings is a relation. (Contributed by FL, 31-Aug-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 21-Dec-2013.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ Rel RingOps

Theorem	isrngo 37904*	The predicate "is a (unital) ring." Definition of "ring with unit" in [Schechter] p. 187. (Contributed by Jeff Hankins, 21-Nov-2006.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 21-Dec-2013.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ (𝐻 ∈ 𝐴 → (⟨𝐺, 𝐻⟩ ∈ RingOps ↔ ((𝐺 ∈ AbelOp ∧ 𝐻:(𝑋 × 𝑋)⟶𝑋) ∧ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝑋 (((𝑥𝐻𝑦)𝐻𝑧) = (𝑥𝐻(𝑦𝐻𝑧)) ∧ (𝑥𝐻(𝑦𝐺𝑧)) = ((𝑥𝐻𝑦)𝐺(𝑥𝐻𝑧)) ∧ ((𝑥𝐺𝑦)𝐻𝑧) = ((𝑥𝐻𝑧)𝐺(𝑦𝐻𝑧))) ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ((𝑥𝐻𝑦) = 𝑦 ∧ (𝑦𝐻𝑥) = 𝑦)))))

Theorem	isrngod 37905*	Conditions that determine a ring. (Changed label from isringd 20288 to isrngod 37905-NM 2-Aug-2013.) (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 19-Jun-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 21-Dec-2013.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ AbelOp) & ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 = ran 𝐺) & ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻:(𝑋 × 𝑋)⟶𝑋) & ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋)) → ((𝑥𝐻𝑦)𝐻𝑧) = (𝑥𝐻(𝑦𝐻𝑧))) & ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝑥𝐻(𝑦𝐺𝑧)) = ((𝑥𝐻𝑦)𝐺(𝑥𝐻𝑧))) & ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋)) → ((𝑥𝐺𝑦)𝐻𝑧) = ((𝑥𝐻𝑧)𝐺(𝑦𝐻𝑧))) & ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑋) & ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝑈𝐻𝑦) = 𝑦) & ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝑦𝐻𝑈) = 𝑦) ⇒ ⊢ (𝜑 → ⟨𝐺, 𝐻⟩ ∈ RingOps)

Theorem	rngoi 37906*	The properties of a unital ring. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 8-Sep-2007.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 21-Dec-2013.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ RingOps → ((𝐺 ∈ AbelOp ∧ 𝐻:(𝑋 × 𝑋)⟶𝑋) ∧ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝑋 (((𝑥𝐻𝑦)𝐻𝑧) = (𝑥𝐻(𝑦𝐻𝑧)) ∧ (𝑥𝐻(𝑦𝐺𝑧)) = ((𝑥𝐻𝑦)𝐺(𝑥𝐻𝑧)) ∧ ((𝑥𝐺𝑦)𝐻𝑧) = ((𝑥𝐻𝑧)𝐺(𝑦𝐻𝑧))) ∧ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ((𝑥𝐻𝑦) = 𝑦 ∧ (𝑦𝐻𝑥) = 𝑦))))

Theorem	rngosm 37907	Functionality of the multiplication operation of a ring. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 9-Sep-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 21-Dec-2013.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ RingOps → 𝐻:(𝑋 × 𝑋)⟶𝑋)

Theorem	rngocl 37908	Closure of the multiplication operation of a ring. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 9-Sep-2007.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐴𝐻𝐵) ∈ 𝑋)

Theorem	rngoid 37909*	The multiplication operation of a unital ring has (one or more) identity elements. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 9-Sep-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 22-Dec-2013.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋) → ∃𝑢 ∈ 𝑋 ((𝑢𝐻𝐴) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝐴𝐻𝑢) = 𝐴))

Theorem	rngoideu 37910*	The unity element of a ring is unique. (Contributed by NM, 4-Apr-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 21-Dec-2013.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ RingOps → ∃!𝑢 ∈ 𝑋 ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ((𝑢𝐻𝑥) = 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥𝐻𝑢) = 𝑥))

Theorem	rngodi 37911	Distributive law for the multiplication operation of a ring (left-distributivity). (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 9-Sep-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 21-Dec-2013.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝐴𝐻(𝐵𝐺𝐶)) = ((𝐴𝐻𝐵)𝐺(𝐴𝐻𝐶)))

Theorem	rngodir 37912	Distributive law for the multiplication operation of a ring (right-distributivity). (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 9-Sep-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 21-Dec-2013.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)) → ((𝐴𝐺𝐵)𝐻𝐶) = ((𝐴𝐻𝐶)𝐺(𝐵𝐻𝐶)))

Theorem	rngoass 37913	Associative law for the multiplication operation of a ring. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 9-Sep-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 21-Dec-2013.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)) → ((𝐴𝐻𝐵)𝐻𝐶) = (𝐴𝐻(𝐵𝐻𝐶)))

Theorem	rngo2 37914*	A ring element plus itself is two times the element. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 9-Sep-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 22-Dec-2013.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋) → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 (𝐴𝐺𝐴) = ((𝑥𝐺𝑥)𝐻𝐴))

Theorem	rngoablo 37915	A ring's addition operation is an Abelian group operation. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 9-Sep-2007.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 21-Dec-2013.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) ⇒ ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ RingOps → 𝐺 ∈ AbelOp)

Theorem	rngoablo2 37916	In a unital ring the addition is an abelian group. (Contributed by FL, 31-Aug-2009.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ (⟨𝐺, 𝐻⟩ ∈ RingOps → 𝐺 ∈ AbelOp)

Theorem	rngogrpo 37917	A ring's addition operation is a group operation. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 9-Sep-2007.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) ⇒ ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ RingOps → 𝐺 ∈ GrpOp)

Theorem	rngone0 37918	The base set of a ring is not empty. (Contributed by FL, 24-Jan-2010.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ RingOps → 𝑋 ≠ ∅)

Theorem	rngogcl 37919	Closure law for the addition (group) operation of a ring. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 9-Sep-2007.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐴𝐺𝐵) ∈ 𝑋)

Theorem	rngocom 37920	The addition operation of a ring is commutative. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 9-Sep-2007.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐴𝐺𝐵) = (𝐵𝐺𝐴))

Theorem	rngoaass 37921	The addition operation of a ring is associative. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 9-Sep-2007.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)) → ((𝐴𝐺𝐵)𝐺𝐶) = (𝐴𝐺(𝐵𝐺𝐶)))

Theorem	rngoa32 37922	The addition operation of a ring is commutative. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 9-Sep-2007.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)) → ((𝐴𝐺𝐵)𝐺𝐶) = ((𝐴𝐺𝐶)𝐺𝐵))

Theorem	rngoa4 37923	Rearrangement of 4 terms in a sum of ring elements. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 9-Sep-2007.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝑋)) → ((𝐴𝐺𝐵)𝐺(𝐶𝐺𝐷)) = ((𝐴𝐺𝐶)𝐺(𝐵𝐺𝐷)))

Theorem	rngorcan 37924	Right cancellation law for the addition operation of a ring. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 9-Sep-2007.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)) → ((𝐴𝐺𝐶) = (𝐵𝐺𝐶) ↔ 𝐴 = 𝐵))

Theorem	rngolcan 37925	Left cancellation law for the addition operation of a ring. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 9-Sep-2007.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)) → ((𝐶𝐺𝐴) = (𝐶𝐺𝐵) ↔ 𝐴 = 𝐵))

Theorem	rngo0cl 37926	A ring has an additive identity element. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 9-Sep-2007.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝑍 = (GId‘𝐺) ⇒ ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ RingOps → 𝑍 ∈ 𝑋)

Theorem	rngo0rid 37927	The additive identity of a ring is a right identity element. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 9-Sep-2007.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝑍 = (GId‘𝐺) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐴𝐺𝑍) = 𝐴)

Theorem	rngo0lid 37928	The additive identity of a ring is a left identity element. (Contributed by Steve Rodriguez, 9-Sep-2007.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝑍 = (GId‘𝐺) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝑍𝐺𝐴) = 𝐴)

Theorem	rngolz 37929	The zero of a unital ring is a left-absorbing element. (Contributed by FL, 31-Aug-2009.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (GId‘𝐺) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝑍𝐻𝐴) = 𝑍)

Theorem	rngorz 37930	The zero of a unital ring is a right-absorbing element. (Contributed by FL, 31-Aug-2009.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝑍 = (GId‘𝐺) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐴𝐻𝑍) = 𝑍)

Theorem	rngosn3 37931	Obsolete as of 25-Jan-2020. Use ring1zr 20777 or srg1zr 20212 instead. The only unital ring with a base set consisting in one element is the zero ring. (Contributed by FL, 13-Feb-2010.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 30-Apr-2015.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑋 = {𝐴} ↔ 𝑅 = ⟨{⟨⟨𝐴, 𝐴⟩, 𝐴⟩}, {⟨⟨𝐴, 𝐴⟩, 𝐴⟩}⟩))

Theorem	rngosn4 37932	Obsolete as of 25-Jan-2020. Use rngen1zr 20778 instead. The only unital ring with one element is the zero ring. (Contributed by FL, 14-Feb-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 30-Apr-2015.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝑋 ≈ 1_o ↔ 𝑅 = ⟨{⟨⟨𝐴, 𝐴⟩, 𝐴⟩}, {⟨⟨𝐴, 𝐴⟩, 𝐴⟩}⟩))

Theorem	rngosn6 37933	Obsolete as of 25-Jan-2020. Use ringen1zr 20779 or srgen1zr 20213 instead. The only unital ring with one element is the zero ring. (Contributed by FL, 15-Feb-2010.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝑍 = (GId‘𝐺) ⇒ ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ RingOps → (𝑋 ≈ 1_o ↔ 𝑅 = ⟨{⟨⟨𝑍, 𝑍⟩, 𝑍⟩}, {⟨⟨𝑍, 𝑍⟩, 𝑍⟩}⟩))

Theorem	rngonegcl 37934	A ring is closed under negation. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 10-Jun-2010.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝑁 = (inv‘𝐺) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝑁‘𝐴) ∈ 𝑋)

Theorem	rngoaddneg1 37935	Adding the negative in a ring gives zero. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 10-Jun-2010.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝑁 = (inv‘𝐺) & ⊢ 𝑍 = (GId‘𝐺) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐴𝐺(𝑁‘𝐴)) = 𝑍)

Theorem	rngoaddneg2 37936	Adding the negative in a ring gives zero. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 10-Jun-2010.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝑁 = (inv‘𝐺) & ⊢ 𝑍 = (GId‘𝐺) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋) → ((𝑁‘𝐴)𝐺𝐴) = 𝑍)

Theorem	rngosub 37937	Subtraction in a ring, in terms of addition and negation. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 19-Jun-2010.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝑁 = (inv‘𝐺) & ⊢ 𝐷 = ( /_𝑔 ‘𝐺) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐴𝐷𝐵) = (𝐴𝐺(𝑁‘𝐵)))

Theorem	rngmgmbs4 37938*	The range of an internal operation with a left and right identity element equals its base set. (Contributed by FL, 24-Jan-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 22-Dec-2013.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ ((𝐺:(𝑋 × 𝑋)⟶𝑋 ∧ ∃𝑢 ∈ 𝑋 ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ((𝑢𝐺𝑥) = 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥𝐺𝑢) = 𝑥)) → ran 𝐺 = 𝑋)

Theorem	rngodm1dm2 37939	In a unital ring the domain of the first variable of the addition equals the domain of the first variable of the multiplication. (Contributed by FL, 24-Jan-2010.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) ⇒ ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ RingOps → dom dom 𝐺 = dom dom 𝐻)

Theorem	rngorn1 37940	In a unital ring the range of the addition equals the domain of the first variable of the multiplication. (Contributed by FL, 24-Jan-2010.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) ⇒ ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ RingOps → ran 𝐺 = dom dom 𝐻)

Theorem	rngorn1eq 37941	In a unital ring the range of the addition equals the range of the multiplication. (Contributed by FL, 24-Jan-2010.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) ⇒ ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ RingOps → ran 𝐺 = ran 𝐻)

Theorem	rngomndo 37942	In a unital ring the multiplication is a monoid. (Contributed by FL, 24-Jan-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 22-Dec-2013.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) ⇒ ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ RingOps → 𝐻 ∈ MndOp)

Theorem	rngoidmlem 37943	The unity element of a ring is an identity element for the multiplication. (Contributed by FL, 18-Feb-2010.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑈 = (GId‘𝐻) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋) → ((𝑈𝐻𝐴) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝐴𝐻𝑈) = 𝐴))

Theorem	rngolidm 37944	The unity element of a ring is an identity element for the multiplication. (Contributed by FL, 18-Apr-2010.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑈 = (GId‘𝐻) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝑈𝐻𝐴) = 𝐴)

Theorem	rngoridm 37945	The unity element of a ring is an identity element for the multiplication. (Contributed by FL, 18-Apr-2010.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑈 = (GId‘𝐻) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐴𝐻𝑈) = 𝐴)

Theorem	rngo1cl 37946	The unity element of a ring belongs to the base set. (Contributed by FL, 12-Feb-2010.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝑋 = ran (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑈 = (GId‘𝐻) ⇒ ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ RingOps → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑋)

Theorem	rngoueqz 37947	Obsolete as of 23-Jan-2020. Use 0ring01eqbi 20532 instead. In a unital ring the zero equals the ring unity iff the ring is the zero ring. (Contributed by FL, 14-Feb-2010.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑍 = (GId‘𝐺) & ⊢ 𝑈 = (GId‘𝐻) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ RingOps → (𝑋 ≈ 1_o ↔ 𝑈 = 𝑍))

Theorem	rngonegmn1l 37948	Negation in a ring is the same as left multiplication by -1. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 10-Jun-2010.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝑁 = (inv‘𝐺) & ⊢ 𝑈 = (GId‘𝐻) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝑁‘𝐴) = ((𝑁‘𝑈)𝐻𝐴))

Theorem	rngonegmn1r 37949	Negation in a ring is the same as right multiplication by -1. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 19-Jun-2010.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝑁 = (inv‘𝐺) & ⊢ 𝑈 = (GId‘𝐻) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝑁‘𝐴) = (𝐴𝐻(𝑁‘𝑈)))

Theorem	rngoneglmul 37950	Negation of a product in a ring. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 19-Jun-2010.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝑁 = (inv‘𝐺) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝑁‘(𝐴𝐻𝐵)) = ((𝑁‘𝐴)𝐻𝐵))

Theorem	rngonegrmul 37951	Negation of a product in a ring. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 19-Jun-2010.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝑁 = (inv‘𝐺) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝑁‘(𝐴𝐻𝐵)) = (𝐴𝐻(𝑁‘𝐵)))

Theorem	rngosubdi 37952	Ring multiplication distributes over subtraction. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 19-Jun-2010.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝐷 = ( /_𝑔 ‘𝐺) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝐴𝐻(𝐵𝐷𝐶)) = ((𝐴𝐻𝐵)𝐷(𝐴𝐻𝐶)))

Theorem	rngosubdir 37953	Ring multiplication distributes over subtraction. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 19-Jun-2010.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝐷 = ( /_𝑔 ‘𝐺) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)) → ((𝐴𝐷𝐵)𝐻𝐶) = ((𝐴𝐻𝐶)𝐷(𝐵𝐻𝐶)))

Theorem	zerdivemp1x 37954*	In a unital ring a left invertible element is not a zero divisor. See also ringinvnzdiv 20298. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 18-Apr-2010.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑍 = (GId‘𝐺) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝑈 = (GId‘𝐻) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ ∃𝑎 ∈ 𝑋 (𝑎𝐻𝐴) = 𝑈) → (𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 → ((𝐴𝐻𝐵) = 𝑍 → 𝐵 = 𝑍)))

21.24.17 Division Rings

Syntax	cdrng 37955	Extend class notation with the class of all division rings.
class DivRingOps

Definition	df-drngo 37956*	Define the class of all division rings (sometimes called skew fields). A division ring is a unital ring where every element except the additive identity has a multiplicative inverse. (Contributed by NM, 4-Apr-2009.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ DivRingOps = {⟨𝑔, ℎ⟩ ∣ (⟨𝑔, ℎ⟩ ∈ RingOps ∧ (ℎ ↾ ((ran 𝑔 ∖ {(GId‘𝑔)}) × (ran 𝑔 ∖ {(GId‘𝑔)}))) ∈ GrpOp)}

Theorem	isdivrngo 37957	The predicate "is a division ring". (Contributed by FL, 6-Sep-2009.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ (𝐻 ∈ 𝐴 → (⟨𝐺, 𝐻⟩ ∈ DivRingOps ↔ (⟨𝐺, 𝐻⟩ ∈ RingOps ∧ (𝐻 ↾ ((ran 𝐺 ∖ {(GId‘𝐺)}) × (ran 𝐺 ∖ {(GId‘𝐺)}))) ∈ GrpOp)))

Theorem	drngoi 37958	The properties of a division ring. (Contributed by NM, 4-Apr-2009.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝑍 = (GId‘𝐺) ⇒ ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ DivRingOps → (𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ (𝐻 ↾ ((𝑋 ∖ {𝑍}) × (𝑋 ∖ {𝑍}))) ∈ GrpOp))

Theorem	gidsn 37959	Obsolete as of 23-Jan-2020. Use mnd1id 18793 instead. The identity element of the trivial group. (Contributed by FL, 21-Jun-2010.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 15-Dec-2013.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V ⇒ ⊢ (GId‘{⟨⟨𝐴, 𝐴⟩, 𝐴⟩}) = 𝐴

Theorem	zrdivrng 37960	The zero ring is not a division ring. (Contributed by FL, 24-Jan-2010.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 15-Dec-2013.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐴 ∈ V ⇒ ⊢ ¬ ⟨{⟨⟨𝐴, 𝐴⟩, 𝐴⟩}, {⟨⟨𝐴, 𝐴⟩, 𝐴⟩}⟩ ∈ DivRingOps

Theorem	dvrunz 37961	In a division ring the ring unit is different from the zero. (Contributed by FL, 14-Feb-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 15-Dec-2013.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝑍 = (GId‘𝐺) & ⊢ 𝑈 = (GId‘𝐻) ⇒ ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ DivRingOps → 𝑈 ≠ 𝑍)

Theorem	isgrpda 37962*	Properties that determine a group operation. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 1-Dec-2009.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ V) & ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:(𝑋 × 𝑋)⟶𝑋) & ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋)) → ((𝑥𝐺𝑦)𝐺𝑧) = (𝑥𝐺(𝑦𝐺𝑧))) & ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ 𝑋) & ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝑈𝐺𝑥) = 𝑥) & ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋) → ∃𝑛 ∈ 𝑋 (𝑛𝐺𝑥) = 𝑈) ⇒ ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ GrpOp)

Theorem	isdrngo1 37963	The predicate "is a division ring". (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 8-Jun-2010.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑍 = (GId‘𝐺) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ DivRingOps ↔ (𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ (𝐻 ↾ ((𝑋 ∖ {𝑍}) × (𝑋 ∖ {𝑍}))) ∈ GrpOp))

Theorem	divrngcl 37964	The product of two nonzero elements of a division ring is nonzero. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 9-Jun-2010.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑍 = (GId‘𝐺) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ DivRingOps ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝑋 ∖ {𝑍}) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (𝑋 ∖ {𝑍})) → (𝐴𝐻𝐵) ∈ (𝑋 ∖ {𝑍}))

Theorem	isdrngo2 37965*	A division ring is a ring in which 1 ≠ 0 and every nonzero element is invertible. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 8-Jun-2010.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑍 = (GId‘𝐺) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝑈 = (GId‘𝐻) ⇒ ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ DivRingOps ↔ (𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ (𝑈 ≠ 𝑍 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ (𝑋 ∖ {𝑍})∃𝑦 ∈ (𝑋 ∖ {𝑍})(𝑦𝐻𝑥) = 𝑈)))

Theorem	isdrngo3 37966*	A division ring is a ring in which 1 ≠ 0 and every nonzero element is invertible. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 10-Jun-2010.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑍 = (GId‘𝐺) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝑈 = (GId‘𝐻) ⇒ ⊢ (𝑅 ∈ DivRingOps ↔ (𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ (𝑈 ≠ 𝑍 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ (𝑋 ∖ {𝑍})∃𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 (𝑦𝐻𝑥) = 𝑈)))

21.24.18 Ring homomorphisms

Syntax	crngohom 37967	Extend class notation with the class of ring homomorphisms.
class RingOpsHom

Syntax	crngoiso 37968	Extend class notation with the class of ring isomorphisms.
class RingOpsIso

Syntax	crisc 37969	Extend class notation with the ring isomorphism relation.
class ≃_𝑟

Definition	df-rngohom 37970*	Define the function which gives the set of ring homomorphisms between two given rings. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 19-Jun-2010.)
⊢ RingOpsHom = (𝑟 ∈ RingOps, 𝑠 ∈ RingOps ↦ {𝑓 ∈ (ran (1^st ‘𝑠) ↑_m ran (1^st ‘𝑟)) ∣ ((𝑓‘(GId‘(2^nd ‘𝑟))) = (GId‘(2^nd ‘𝑠)) ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ ran (1^st ‘𝑟)∀𝑦 ∈ ran (1^st ‘𝑟)((𝑓‘(𝑥(1^st ‘𝑟)𝑦)) = ((𝑓‘𝑥)(1^st ‘𝑠)(𝑓‘𝑦)) ∧ (𝑓‘(𝑥(2^nd ‘𝑟)𝑦)) = ((𝑓‘𝑥)(2^nd ‘𝑠)(𝑓‘𝑦))))})

Theorem	rngohomval 37971*	The set of ring homomorphisms. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 19-Jun-2010.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 22-Sep-2015.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝑈 = (GId‘𝐻) & ⊢ 𝐽 = (1^st ‘𝑆) & ⊢ 𝐾 = (2^nd ‘𝑆) & ⊢ 𝑌 = ran 𝐽 & ⊢ 𝑉 = (GId‘𝐾) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑆 ∈ RingOps) → (𝑅 RingOpsHom 𝑆) = {𝑓 ∈ (𝑌 ↑_m 𝑋) ∣ ((𝑓‘𝑈) = 𝑉 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ((𝑓‘(𝑥𝐺𝑦)) = ((𝑓‘𝑥)𝐽(𝑓‘𝑦)) ∧ (𝑓‘(𝑥𝐻𝑦)) = ((𝑓‘𝑥)𝐾(𝑓‘𝑦))))})

Theorem	isrngohom 37972*	The predicate "is a ring homomorphism from 𝑅 to 𝑆". (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 19-Jun-2010.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝑈 = (GId‘𝐻) & ⊢ 𝐽 = (1^st ‘𝑆) & ⊢ 𝐾 = (2^nd ‘𝑆) & ⊢ 𝑌 = ran 𝐽 & ⊢ 𝑉 = (GId‘𝐾) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑆 ∈ RingOps) → (𝐹 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsHom 𝑆) ↔ (𝐹:𝑋⟶𝑌 ∧ (𝐹‘𝑈) = 𝑉 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑋 ((𝐹‘(𝑥𝐺𝑦)) = ((𝐹‘𝑥)𝐽(𝐹‘𝑦)) ∧ (𝐹‘(𝑥𝐻𝑦)) = ((𝐹‘𝑥)𝐾(𝐹‘𝑦))))))

Theorem	rngohomf 37973	A ring homomorphism is a function. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 19-Jun-2010.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝐽 = (1^st ‘𝑆) & ⊢ 𝑌 = ran 𝐽 ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑆 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsHom 𝑆)) → 𝐹:𝑋⟶𝑌)

Theorem	rngohomcl 37974	Closure law for a ring homomorphism. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 3-Jan-2011.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝐽 = (1^st ‘𝑆) & ⊢ 𝑌 = ran 𝐽 ⇒ ⊢ (((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑆 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsHom 𝑆)) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋) → (𝐹‘𝐴) ∈ 𝑌)

Theorem	rngohom1 37975	A ring homomorphism preserves 1. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 24-Jun-2011.)
⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑈 = (GId‘𝐻) & ⊢ 𝐾 = (2^nd ‘𝑆) & ⊢ 𝑉 = (GId‘𝐾) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑆 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsHom 𝑆)) → (𝐹‘𝑈) = 𝑉)

Theorem	rngohomadd 37976	Ring homomorphisms preserve addition. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 3-Jan-2011.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝐽 = (1^st ‘𝑆) ⇒ ⊢ (((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑆 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsHom 𝑆)) ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝐹‘(𝐴𝐺𝐵)) = ((𝐹‘𝐴)𝐽(𝐹‘𝐵)))

Theorem	rngohommul 37977	Ring homomorphisms preserve multiplication. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 3-Jan-2011.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝐻 = (2^nd ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐾 = (2^nd ‘𝑆) ⇒ ⊢ (((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑆 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsHom 𝑆)) ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝐹‘(𝐴𝐻𝐵)) = ((𝐹‘𝐴)𝐾(𝐹‘𝐵)))

Theorem	rngogrphom 37978	A ring homomorphism is a group homomorphism. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Jan-2011.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝐽 = (1^st ‘𝑆) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑆 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsHom 𝑆)) → 𝐹 ∈ (𝐺 GrpOpHom 𝐽))

Theorem	rngohom0 37979	A ring homomorphism preserves 0. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 2-Jan-2011.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑍 = (GId‘𝐺) & ⊢ 𝐽 = (1^st ‘𝑆) & ⊢ 𝑊 = (GId‘𝐽) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑆 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsHom 𝑆)) → (𝐹‘𝑍) = 𝑊)

Theorem	rngohomsub 37980	Ring homomorphisms preserve subtraction. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 15-Jun-2011.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝐻 = ( /_𝑔 ‘𝐺) & ⊢ 𝐽 = (1^st ‘𝑆) & ⊢ 𝐾 = ( /_𝑔 ‘𝐽) ⇒ ⊢ (((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑆 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsHom 𝑆)) ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋)) → (𝐹‘(𝐴𝐻𝐵)) = ((𝐹‘𝐴)𝐾(𝐹‘𝐵)))

Theorem	rngohomco 37981	The composition of two ring homomorphisms is a ring homomorphism. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 16-Jun-2011.)
⊢ (((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑆 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑇 ∈ RingOps) ∧ (𝐹 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsHom 𝑆) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (𝑆 RingOpsHom 𝑇))) → (𝐺 ∘ 𝐹) ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsHom 𝑇))

Theorem	rngokerinj 37982	A ring homomorphism is injective if and only if its kernel is zero. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 16-Jun-2011.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝑊 = (GId‘𝐺) & ⊢ 𝐽 = (1^st ‘𝑆) & ⊢ 𝑌 = ran 𝐽 & ⊢ 𝑍 = (GId‘𝐽) ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑆 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsHom 𝑆)) → (𝐹:𝑋–1-1→𝑌 ↔ (^◡𝐹 “ {𝑍}) = {𝑊}))

Definition	df-rngoiso 37983*	Define the function which gives the set of ring isomorphisms between two given rings. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 16-Jun-2011.)
⊢ RingOpsIso = (𝑟 ∈ RingOps, 𝑠 ∈ RingOps ↦ {𝑓 ∈ (𝑟 RingOpsHom 𝑠) ∣ 𝑓:ran (1^st ‘𝑟)–1-1-onto→ran (1^st ‘𝑠)})

Theorem	rngoisoval 37984*	The set of ring isomorphisms. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 16-Jun-2011.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝐽 = (1^st ‘𝑆) & ⊢ 𝑌 = ran 𝐽 ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑆 ∈ RingOps) → (𝑅 RingOpsIso 𝑆) = {𝑓 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsHom 𝑆) ∣ 𝑓:𝑋–1-1-onto→𝑌})

Theorem	isrngoiso 37985	The predicate "is a ring isomorphism between 𝑅 and 𝑆". (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 16-Jun-2011.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝐽 = (1^st ‘𝑆) & ⊢ 𝑌 = ran 𝐽 ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑆 ∈ RingOps) → (𝐹 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsIso 𝑆) ↔ (𝐹 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsHom 𝑆) ∧ 𝐹:𝑋–1-1-onto→𝑌)))

Theorem	rngoiso1o 37986	A ring isomorphism is a bijection. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 16-Jun-2011.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (1^st ‘𝑅) & ⊢ 𝑋 = ran 𝐺 & ⊢ 𝐽 = (1^st ‘𝑆) & ⊢ 𝑌 = ran 𝐽 ⇒ ⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑆 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsIso 𝑆)) → 𝐹:𝑋–1-1-onto→𝑌)

Theorem	rngoisohom 37987	A ring isomorphism is a ring homomorphism. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 16-Jun-2011.)
⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑆 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsIso 𝑆)) → 𝐹 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsHom 𝑆))

Theorem	rngoisocnv 37988	The inverse of a ring isomorphism is a ring isomorphism. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 16-Jun-2011.)
⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑆 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsIso 𝑆)) → ^◡𝐹 ∈ (𝑆 RingOpsIso 𝑅))

Theorem	rngoisoco 37989	The composition of two ring isomorphisms is a ring isomorphism. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 16-Jun-2011.)
⊢ (((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑆 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑇 ∈ RingOps) ∧ (𝐹 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsIso 𝑆) ∧ 𝐺 ∈ (𝑆 RingOpsIso 𝑇))) → (𝐺 ∘ 𝐹) ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsIso 𝑇))

Definition	df-risc 37990*	Define the ring isomorphism relation. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 16-Jun-2011.)
⊢ ≃_𝑟 = {⟨𝑟, 𝑠⟩ ∣ ((𝑟 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑠 ∈ RingOps) ∧ ∃𝑓 𝑓 ∈ (𝑟 RingOpsIso 𝑠))}

Theorem	isriscg 37991*	The ring isomorphism relation. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 16-Jun-2011.)
⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑆 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑅 ≃_𝑟 𝑆 ↔ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑆 ∈ RingOps) ∧ ∃𝑓 𝑓 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsIso 𝑆))))

Theorem	isrisc 37992*	The ring isomorphism relation. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 16-Jun-2011.)
⊢ 𝑅 ∈ V & ⊢ 𝑆 ∈ V ⇒ ⊢ (𝑅 ≃_𝑟 𝑆 ↔ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑆 ∈ RingOps) ∧ ∃𝑓 𝑓 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsIso 𝑆)))

Theorem	risc 37993*	The ring isomorphism relation. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 16-Jun-2011.)
⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑆 ∈ RingOps) → (𝑅 ≃_𝑟 𝑆 ↔ ∃𝑓 𝑓 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsIso 𝑆)))

Theorem	risci 37994	Determine that two rings are isomorphic. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 16-Jun-2011.)
⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝑆 ∈ RingOps ∧ 𝐹 ∈ (𝑅 RingOpsIso 𝑆)) → 𝑅 ≃_𝑟 𝑆)

Theorem	riscer 37995	Ring isomorphism is an equivalence relation. (Contributed by Jeff Madsen, 16-Jun-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 12-Aug-2015.)
⊢ ≃_𝑟 Er dom ≃_𝑟

21.24.19 Commutative rings

Syntax	ccm2 37996	Extend class notation with a class that adds commutativity to various flavors of rings.
class Com2

Definition	df-com2 37997*	A device to add commutativity to various sorts of rings. I use ran 𝑔 because I suppose 𝑔 has a neutral element and therefore is onto. (Contributed by FL, 6-Sep-2009.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ Com2 = {⟨𝑔, ℎ⟩ ∣ ∀𝑎 ∈ ran 𝑔∀𝑏 ∈ ran 𝑔(𝑎ℎ𝑏) = (𝑏ℎ𝑎)}

Syntax	cfld 37998	Extend class notation with the class of all fields.
class Fld

Definition	df-fld 37999	Definition of a field. A field is a commutative division ring. (Contributed by FL, 6-Sep-2009.) (Revised by Jeff Madsen, 10-Jun-2010.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ Fld = (DivRingOps ∩ Com2)

Syntax	ccring 38000	Extend class notation with the class of commutative rings.
class CRingOps

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