P. 147 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 14601-14700   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	s4fv3 14601	Extract the fourth symbol from a length 4 string. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 8-Oct-2020.)
⊢ (𝐷 ∈ 𝑉 → (⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷”⟩‘3) = 𝐷)
Theorem	s4len 14602	The length of a length 4 string. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Feb-2016.)
⊢ (♯‘⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷”⟩) = 4
Theorem	s5len 14603	The length of a length 5 string. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Feb-2016.)
⊢ (♯‘⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸”⟩) = 5
Theorem	s6len 14604	The length of a length 6 string. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Feb-2016.)
⊢ (♯‘⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹”⟩) = 6
Theorem	s7len 14605	The length of a length 7 string. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Feb-2016.)
⊢ (♯‘⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹𝐺”⟩) = 7
Theorem	s8len 14606	The length of a length 8 string. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Feb-2016.)
⊢ (♯‘⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹𝐺𝐻”⟩) = 8
Theorem	lsws2 14607	The last symbol of a doubleton word is its second symbol. (Contributed by AV, 8-Feb-2021.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 → (lastS‘⟨“𝐴𝐵”⟩) = 𝐵)
Theorem	lsws3 14608	The last symbol of a 3 letter word is its third symbol. (Contributed by AV, 8-Feb-2021.)
⊢ (𝐶 ∈ 𝑉 → (lastS‘⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶”⟩) = 𝐶)
Theorem	lsws4 14609	The last symbol of a 4 letter word is its fourth symbol. (Contributed by AV, 8-Feb-2021.)
⊢ (𝐷 ∈ 𝑉 → (lastS‘⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷”⟩) = 𝐷)
Theorem	s2prop 14610	A length 2 word is an unordered pair of ordered pairs. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 14-Aug-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑆) → ⟨“𝐴𝐵”⟩ = {⟨0, 𝐴⟩, ⟨1, 𝐵⟩})
Theorem	s2dmALT 14611	Alternate version of s2dm 14593, having a shorter proof, but requiring that 𝐴 and 𝐵 are sets. (Contributed by AV, 9-Jan-2020.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑆) → dom ⟨“𝐴𝐵”⟩ = {0, 1})
Theorem	s3tpop 14612	A length 3 word is an unordered triple of ordered pairs. (Contributed by AV, 23-Jan-2021.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑆) → ⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶”⟩ = {⟨0, 𝐴⟩, ⟨1, 𝐵⟩, ⟨2, 𝐶⟩})
Theorem	s4prop 14613	A length 4 word is a union of two unordered pairs of ordered pairs. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 14-Aug-2017.)
⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑆) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝑆)) → ⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷”⟩ = ({⟨0, 𝐴⟩, ⟨1, 𝐵⟩} ∪ {⟨2, 𝐶⟩, ⟨3, 𝐷⟩}))
Theorem	s3fn 14614	A length 3 word is a function with a triple as domain. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 5-Dec-2017.) (Revised by AV, 23-Jan-2021.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑉) → ⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶”⟩ Fn {0, 1, 2})
Theorem	funcnvs1 14615	The converse of a singleton word is a function. (Contributed by AV, 22-Jan-2021.)
⊢ Fun ◡⟨“𝐴”⟩
Theorem	funcnvs2 14616	The converse of a length 2 word is a function if its symbols are different sets. (Contributed by AV, 23-Jan-2021.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 𝐵) → Fun ◡⟨“𝐴𝐵”⟩)
Theorem	funcnvs3 14617	The converse of a length 3 word is a function if its symbols are different sets. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 31-Jan-2018.) (Revised by AV, 23-Jan-2021.)
⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑉) ∧ (𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶)) → Fun ◡⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶”⟩)
Theorem	funcnvs4 14618	The converse of a length 4 word is a function if its symbols are different sets. (Contributed by AV, 10-Feb-2021.)
⊢ ((((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝑉)) ∧ ((𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 𝐷) ∧ (𝐵 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐷) ∧ 𝐶 ≠ 𝐷)) → Fun ◡⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷”⟩)
Theorem	s2f1o 14619	A length 2 word with mutually different symbols is a one-to-one function onto the set of the symbols. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 14-Aug-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 𝐵) → (𝐸 = ⟨“𝐴𝐵”⟩ → 𝐸:{0, 1}–1-1-onto→{𝐴, 𝐵}))
Theorem	f1oun2prg 14620	A union of unordered pairs of ordered pairs with different elements is a one-to-one onto function. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 14-Aug-2017.)
⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝑌)) → (((𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 𝐷) ∧ (𝐵 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐷 ∧ 𝐶 ≠ 𝐷)) → ({⟨0, 𝐴⟩, ⟨1, 𝐵⟩} ∪ {⟨2, 𝐶⟩, ⟨3, 𝐷⟩}):({0, 1} ∪ {2, 3})–1-1-onto→({𝐴, 𝐵} ∪ {𝐶, 𝐷})))
Theorem	s4f1o 14621	A length 4 word with mutually different symbols is a one-to-one function onto the set of the symbols. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 14-Aug-2017.)
⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑆) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝑆)) → (((𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 𝐷) ∧ (𝐵 ≠ 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 ≠ 𝐷 ∧ 𝐶 ≠ 𝐷)) → (𝐸 = ⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷”⟩ → 𝐸:dom 𝐸–1-1-onto→({𝐴, 𝐵} ∪ {𝐶, 𝐷}))))
Theorem	s4dom 14622	The domain of a length 4 word is the union of two (disjunct) pairs. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 15-Aug-2017.)
⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑆) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝑆)) → (𝐸 = ⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷”⟩ → dom 𝐸 = ({0, 1} ∪ {2, 3})))
Theorem	s2co 14623	Mapping a doubleton word by a function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Feb-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑋⟶𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 ∘ ⟨“𝐴𝐵”⟩) = ⟨“(𝐹‘𝐴)(𝐹‘𝐵)”⟩)
Theorem	s3co 14624	Mapping a length 3 string by a function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 27-Feb-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑋⟶𝑌)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 ∘ ⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶”⟩) = ⟨“(𝐹‘𝐴)(𝐹‘𝐵)(𝐹‘𝐶)”⟩)
Theorem	s0s1 14625	Concatenation of fixed length strings. (This special case of ccatlid 14281 is provided to complete the pattern s0s1 14625, df-s2 14551, df-s3 14552, ...) (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-Feb-2016.)
⊢ ⟨“𝐴”⟩ = (∅ ++ ⟨“𝐴”⟩)
Theorem	s1s2 14626	Concatenation of fixed length strings. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Feb-2016.)
⊢ ⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶”⟩ = (⟨“𝐴”⟩ ++ ⟨“𝐵𝐶”⟩)
Theorem	s1s3 14627	Concatenation of fixed length strings. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Feb-2016.)
⊢ ⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷”⟩ = (⟨“𝐴”⟩ ++ ⟨“𝐵𝐶𝐷”⟩)
Theorem	s1s4 14628	Concatenation of fixed length strings. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Feb-2016.)
⊢ ⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸”⟩ = (⟨“𝐴”⟩ ++ ⟨“𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸”⟩)
Theorem	s1s5 14629	Concatenation of fixed length strings. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Feb-2016.)
⊢ ⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹”⟩ = (⟨“𝐴”⟩ ++ ⟨“𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹”⟩)
Theorem	s1s6 14630	Concatenation of fixed length strings. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Feb-2016.)
⊢ ⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹𝐺”⟩ = (⟨“𝐴”⟩ ++ ⟨“𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹𝐺”⟩)
Theorem	s1s7 14631	Concatenation of fixed length strings. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Feb-2016.)
⊢ ⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹𝐺𝐻”⟩ = (⟨“𝐴”⟩ ++ ⟨“𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹𝐺𝐻”⟩)
Theorem	s2s2 14632	Concatenation of fixed length strings. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Feb-2016.)
⊢ ⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷”⟩ = (⟨“𝐴𝐵”⟩ ++ ⟨“𝐶𝐷”⟩)
Theorem	s4s2 14633	Concatenation of fixed length strings. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Feb-2016.)
⊢ ⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹”⟩ = (⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷”⟩ ++ ⟨“𝐸𝐹”⟩)
Theorem	s4s3 14634	Concatenation of fixed length strings. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Feb-2016.)
⊢ ⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹𝐺”⟩ = (⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷”⟩ ++ ⟨“𝐸𝐹𝐺”⟩)
Theorem	s4s4 14635	Concatenation of fixed length strings. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Feb-2016.)
⊢ ⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹𝐺𝐻”⟩ = (⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷”⟩ ++ ⟨“𝐸𝐹𝐺𝐻”⟩)
Theorem	s3s4 14636	Concatenation of fixed length strings. (Contributed by AV, 1-Mar-2021.)
⊢ ⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹𝐺”⟩ = (⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶”⟩ ++ ⟨“𝐷𝐸𝐹𝐺”⟩)
Theorem	s2s5 14637	Concatenation of fixed length strings. (Contributed by AV, 1-Mar-2021.)
⊢ ⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹𝐺”⟩ = (⟨“𝐴𝐵”⟩ ++ ⟨“𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹𝐺”⟩)
Theorem	s5s2 14638	Concatenation of fixed length strings. (Contributed by AV, 1-Mar-2021.)
⊢ ⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹𝐺”⟩ = (⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸”⟩ ++ ⟨“𝐹𝐺”⟩)
Theorem	s2eq2s1eq 14639	Two length 2 words are equal iff the corresponding singleton words consisting of their symbols are equal. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 24-Sep-2018.)
⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝑉)) → (⟨“𝐴𝐵”⟩ = ⟨“𝐶𝐷”⟩ ↔ (⟨“𝐴”⟩ = ⟨“𝐶”⟩ ∧ ⟨“𝐵”⟩ = ⟨“𝐷”⟩)))
Theorem	s2eq2seq 14640	Two length 2 words are equal iff the corresponding symbols are equal. (Contributed by AV, 20-Oct-2018.)
⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝑉)) → (⟨“𝐴𝐵”⟩ = ⟨“𝐶𝐷”⟩ ↔ (𝐴 = 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵 = 𝐷)))
Theorem	s3eqs2s1eq 14641	Two length 3 words are equal iff the corresponding length 2 words and singleton words consisting of their symbols are equal. (Contributed by AV, 4-Jan-2022.)
⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑉) ∧ (𝐷 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐸 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)) → (⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶”⟩ = ⟨“𝐷𝐸𝐹”⟩ ↔ (⟨“𝐴𝐵”⟩ = ⟨“𝐷𝐸”⟩ ∧ ⟨“𝐶”⟩ = ⟨“𝐹”⟩)))
Theorem	s3eq3seq 14642	Two length 3 words are equal iff the corresponding symbols are equal. (Contributed by AV, 4-Jan-2022.)
⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑉) ∧ (𝐷 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐸 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)) → (⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶”⟩ = ⟨“𝐷𝐸𝐹”⟩ ↔ (𝐴 = 𝐷 ∧ 𝐵 = 𝐸 ∧ 𝐶 = 𝐹)))
Theorem	swrds2 14643	Extract two adjacent symbols from a word. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 23-Aug-2015.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Feb-2016.)
⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ Word 𝐴 ∧ 𝐼 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ (𝐼 + 1) ∈ (0..^(♯‘𝑊))) → (𝑊 substr ⟨𝐼, (𝐼 + 2)⟩) = ⟨“(𝑊‘𝐼)(𝑊‘(𝐼 + 1))”⟩)
Theorem	swrds2m 14644	Extract two adjacent symbols from a word in reverse direction. (Contributed by AV, 11-May-2022.)
⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ Word 𝑉 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ (2...(♯‘𝑊))) → (𝑊 substr ⟨(𝑁 − 2), 𝑁⟩) = ⟨“(𝑊‘(𝑁 − 2))(𝑊‘(𝑁 − 1))”⟩)
Theorem	wrdlen2i 14645	Implications of a word of length two. (Contributed by AV, 27-Jul-2018.) (Proof shortened by AV, 14-Oct-2018.)
⊢ ((𝑆 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑇 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝑊 = {⟨0, 𝑆⟩, ⟨1, 𝑇⟩} → ((𝑊 ∈ Word 𝑉 ∧ (♯‘𝑊) = 2) ∧ ((𝑊‘0) = 𝑆 ∧ (𝑊‘1) = 𝑇))))
Theorem	wrd2pr2op 14646	A word of length two represented as unordered pair of ordered pairs. (Contributed by AV, 20-Oct-2018.) (Proof shortened by AV, 26-Jan-2021.)
⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ Word 𝑉 ∧ (♯‘𝑊) = 2) → 𝑊 = {⟨0, (𝑊‘0)⟩, ⟨1, (𝑊‘1)⟩})
Theorem	wrdlen2 14647	A word of length two. (Contributed by AV, 20-Oct-2018.)
⊢ ((𝑆 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑇 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝑊 = {⟨0, 𝑆⟩, ⟨1, 𝑇⟩} ↔ ((𝑊 ∈ Word 𝑉 ∧ (♯‘𝑊) = 2) ∧ ((𝑊‘0) = 𝑆 ∧ (𝑊‘1) = 𝑇))))
Theorem	wrdlen2s2 14648	A word of length two as doubleton word. (Contributed by AV, 20-Oct-2018.)
⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ Word 𝑉 ∧ (♯‘𝑊) = 2) → 𝑊 = ⟨“(𝑊‘0)(𝑊‘1)”⟩)
Theorem	wrdl2exs2 14649*	A word of length two is a doubleton word. (Contributed by AV, 25-Jan-2021.)
⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ Word 𝑆 ∧ (♯‘𝑊) = 2) → ∃𝑠 ∈ 𝑆 ∃𝑡 ∈ 𝑆 𝑊 = ⟨“𝑠𝑡”⟩)
Theorem	pfx2 14650	A prefix of length two. (Contributed by AV, 15-May-2020.)
⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ Word 𝑉 ∧ 2 ≤ (♯‘𝑊)) → (𝑊 prefix 2) = ⟨“(𝑊‘0)(𝑊‘1)”⟩)
Theorem	wrd3tpop 14651	A word of length three represented as triple of ordered pairs. (Contributed by AV, 26-Jan-2021.)
⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ Word 𝑉 ∧ (♯‘𝑊) = 3) → 𝑊 = {⟨0, (𝑊‘0)⟩, ⟨1, (𝑊‘1)⟩, ⟨2, (𝑊‘2)⟩})
Theorem	wrdlen3s3 14652	A word of length three as length 3 string. (Contributed by AV, 26-Jan-2021.)
⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ Word 𝑉 ∧ (♯‘𝑊) = 3) → 𝑊 = ⟨“(𝑊‘0)(𝑊‘1)(𝑊‘2)”⟩)
Theorem	repsw2 14653	The "repeated symbol word" of length two. (Contributed by AV, 6-Nov-2018.)
⊢ (𝑆 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝑆 repeatS 2) = ⟨“𝑆𝑆”⟩)
Theorem	repsw3 14654	The "repeated symbol word" of length three. (Contributed by AV, 6-Nov-2018.)
⊢ (𝑆 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝑆 repeatS 3) = ⟨“𝑆𝑆𝑆”⟩)
Theorem	swrd2lsw 14655	Extract the last two symbols from a word. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 23-Sep-2018.)
⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ Word 𝑉 ∧ 1 < (♯‘𝑊)) → (𝑊 substr ⟨((♯‘𝑊) − 2), (♯‘𝑊)⟩) = ⟨“(𝑊‘((♯‘𝑊) − 2))(lastS‘𝑊)”⟩)
Theorem	2swrd2eqwrdeq 14656	Two words of length at least two are equal if and only if they have the same prefix and the same two single symbols suffix. (Contributed by AV, 24-Sep-2018.) (Revised by AV, 12-Oct-2022.)
⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ Word 𝑉 ∧ 𝑈 ∈ Word 𝑉 ∧ 1 < (♯‘𝑊)) → (𝑊 = 𝑈 ↔ ((♯‘𝑊) = (♯‘𝑈) ∧ ((𝑊 prefix ((♯‘𝑊) − 2)) = (𝑈 prefix ((♯‘𝑊) − 2)) ∧ (𝑊‘((♯‘𝑊) − 2)) = (𝑈‘((♯‘𝑊) − 2)) ∧ (lastS‘𝑊) = (lastS‘𝑈)))))
Theorem	ccatw2s1ccatws2 14657	The concatenation of a word with two singleton words equals the concatenation of the word with the doubleton word consisting of the symbols of the two singletons. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro/AV, 21-Oct-2018.) (Revised by AV, 29-Jan-2024.)
⊢ (𝑊 ∈ Word 𝑉 → ((𝑊 ++ ⟨“𝑋”⟩) ++ ⟨“𝑌”⟩) = (𝑊 ++ ⟨“𝑋𝑌”⟩))
Theorem	ccatw2s1ccatws2OLD 14658	Obsolete version of ccatw2s1ccatws2 14657 as of 29-Jan-2024. The concatenation of a word with two singleton words equals the concatenation of the word with the doubleton word consisting of the symbols of the two singletons. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro/AV, 21-Oct-2018.) (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)
⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ Word 𝑉 ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑉) → ((𝑊 ++ ⟨“𝑋”⟩) ++ ⟨“𝑌”⟩) = (𝑊 ++ ⟨“𝑋𝑌”⟩))
Theorem	ccat2s1fvwALT 14659	Alternate proof of ccat2s1fvw 14339 using words of length 2, see df-s2 14551. A symbol of the concatenation of a word with two single symbols corresponding to the symbol of the word. (Contributed by AV, 22-Sep-2018.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro/AV, 21-Oct-2018.) (Revised by AV, 28-Jan-2024.) (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)
⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ Word 𝑉 ∧ 𝐼 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝐼 < (♯‘𝑊)) → (((𝑊 ++ ⟨“𝑋”⟩) ++ ⟨“𝑌”⟩)‘𝐼) = (𝑊‘𝐼))
Theorem	ccat2s1fvwALTOLD 14660	Obsolete version of ccat2s1fvwALT 14659 as of 28-Jan-2024. Alternate proof of ccat2s1fvwOLD 14340 using words of length 2, see df-s2 14551. A symbol of the concatenation of a word with two single symbols corresponding to the symbol of the word. (Contributed by AV, 22-Sep-2018.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro/AV, 21-Oct-2018.) (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.)
⊢ (((𝑊 ∈ Word 𝑉 ∧ 𝐼 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝐼 < (♯‘𝑊)) ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝑉)) → (((𝑊 ++ ⟨“𝑋”⟩) ++ ⟨“𝑌”⟩)‘𝐼) = (𝑊‘𝐼))
Theorem	wwlktovf 14661*	Lemma 1 for wrd2f1tovbij 14665. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 27-Jul-2018.)
⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑤 ∈ Word 𝑉 ∣ ((♯‘𝑤) = 2 ∧ (𝑤‘0) = 𝑃 ∧ {(𝑤‘0), (𝑤‘1)} ∈ 𝑋)}    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑛 ∈ 𝑉 ∣ {𝑃, 𝑛} ∈ 𝑋}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑡 ∈ 𝐷 ↦ (𝑡‘1))    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐹:𝐷⟶𝑅
Theorem	wwlktovf1 14662*	Lemma 2 for wrd2f1tovbij 14665. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 27-Jul-2018.)
⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑤 ∈ Word 𝑉 ∣ ((♯‘𝑤) = 2 ∧ (𝑤‘0) = 𝑃 ∧ {(𝑤‘0), (𝑤‘1)} ∈ 𝑋)}    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑛 ∈ 𝑉 ∣ {𝑃, 𝑛} ∈ 𝑋}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑡 ∈ 𝐷 ↦ (𝑡‘1))    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐹:𝐷–1-1→𝑅
Theorem	wwlktovfo 14663*	Lemma 3 for wrd2f1tovbij 14665. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 27-Jul-2018.)
⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑤 ∈ Word 𝑉 ∣ ((♯‘𝑤) = 2 ∧ (𝑤‘0) = 𝑃 ∧ {(𝑤‘0), (𝑤‘1)} ∈ 𝑋)}    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑛 ∈ 𝑉 ∣ {𝑃, 𝑛} ∈ 𝑋}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑡 ∈ 𝐷 ↦ (𝑡‘1))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑃 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝐹:𝐷–onto→𝑅)
Theorem	wwlktovf1o 14664*	Lemma 4 for wrd2f1tovbij 14665. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 28-Jul-2018.)
⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑤 ∈ Word 𝑉 ∣ ((♯‘𝑤) = 2 ∧ (𝑤‘0) = 𝑃 ∧ {(𝑤‘0), (𝑤‘1)} ∈ 𝑋)}    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑛 ∈ 𝑉 ∣ {𝑃, 𝑛} ∈ 𝑋}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑡 ∈ 𝐷 ↦ (𝑡‘1))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑃 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝐹:𝐷–1-1-onto→𝑅)
Theorem	wrd2f1tovbij 14665*	There is a bijection between words of length two with a fixed first symbol contained in a pair and the symbols contained in a pair together with the fixed symbol. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 28-Jul-2018.)
⊢ ((𝑉 ∈ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑃 ∈ 𝑉) → ∃𝑓 𝑓:{𝑤 ∈ Word 𝑉 ∣ ((♯‘𝑤) = 2 ∧ (𝑤‘0) = 𝑃 ∧ {(𝑤‘0), (𝑤‘1)} ∈ 𝑋)}–1-1-onto→{𝑛 ∈ 𝑉 ∣ {𝑃, 𝑛} ∈ 𝑋})
Theorem	eqwrds3 14666	A word is equal with a length 3 string iff it has length 3 and the same symbol at each position. (Contributed by AV, 12-May-2021.)
⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ Word 𝑉 ∧ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑉)) → (𝑊 = ⟨“𝐴𝐵𝐶”⟩ ↔ ((♯‘𝑊) = 3 ∧ ((𝑊‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑊‘1) = 𝐵 ∧ (𝑊‘2) = 𝐶))))
Theorem	wrdl3s3 14667*	A word of length 3 is a length 3 string. (Contributed by AV, 18-May-2021.)
⊢ ((𝑊 ∈ Word 𝑉 ∧ (♯‘𝑊) = 3) ↔ ∃𝑎 ∈ 𝑉 ∃𝑏 ∈ 𝑉 ∃𝑐 ∈ 𝑉 𝑊 = ⟨“𝑎𝑏𝑐”⟩)
Theorem	s3sndisj 14668*	The singletons consisting of length 3 strings which have distinct third symbols are disjunct. (Contributed by AV, 17-May-2021.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑌) → Disj 𝑐 ∈ 𝑍 {⟨“𝐴𝐵𝑐”⟩})
Theorem	s3iunsndisj 14669*	The union of singletons consisting of length 3 strings which have distinct first and third symbols are disjunct. (Contributed by AV, 17-May-2021.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝑋 → Disj 𝑎 ∈ 𝑌 ∪ 𝑐 ∈ (𝑍 ∖ {𝑎}){⟨“𝑎𝐵𝑐”⟩})
Theorem	ofccat 14670	Letterwise operations on word concatenations. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 28-Sep-2018.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐸 ∈ Word 𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ Word 𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ Word 𝑇)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ Word 𝑇)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (♯‘𝐸) = (♯‘𝐺))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (♯‘𝐹) = (♯‘𝐻))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐸 ++ 𝐹) ∘f 𝑅(𝐺 ++ 𝐻)) = ((𝐸 ∘f 𝑅𝐺) ++ (𝐹 ∘f 𝑅𝐻)))
Theorem	ofs1 14671	Letterwise operations on a single letter word. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 7-Oct-2018.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑇) → (⟨“𝐴”⟩ ∘f 𝑅⟨“𝐵”⟩) = ⟨“(𝐴𝑅𝐵)”⟩)
Theorem	ofs2 14672	Letterwise operations on a double letter word. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 7-Oct-2018.)
⊢ (((𝐴 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑆) ∧ (𝐶 ∈ 𝑇 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝑇)) → (⟨“𝐴𝐵”⟩ ∘f 𝑅⟨“𝐶𝐷”⟩) = ⟨“(𝐴𝑅𝐶)(𝐵𝑅𝐷)”⟩)
5.8  Reflexive and transitive closures of relations A relation, 𝑅, has the reflexive property if 𝐴𝑅𝐴 holds whenever 𝐴 is an element which could be related by the relation, namely, an element of its domain or range. Eliminating dummy variables, we see that a segment of the identity relation must be a subset of the relation, or ( I ↾ (ran 𝑅 ∪ dom 𝑅)) ⊆ 𝑅. See idref 7013. A relation, 𝑅, has the transitive property if 𝐴𝑅𝐶 holds whenever there exists an intermediate value 𝐵 such that both 𝐴𝑅𝐵 and 𝐵𝑅𝐶 hold. This can be expressed without dummy variables as (𝑅 ∘ 𝑅) ⊆ 𝑅. See cotr 6015. The transitive closure of a relation, (t+‘𝑅), is the smallest superset of the relation which has the transitive property. Likewise, the reflexive-transitive closure, (t*‘𝑅), is the smallest superset which has both the reflexive and transitive properties. Not to be confused with the transitive closure of a set, trcl 9478, which is a closure relative to a different transitive property, df-tr 5197.
5.8.1  The reflexive and transitive properties of relations
Theorem	coss12d 14673	Subset deduction for composition of two classes. (Contributed by RP, 24-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ⊆ 𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 ∘ 𝐶) ⊆ (𝐵 ∘ 𝐷))
Theorem	trrelssd 14674	The composition of subclasses of a transitive relation is a subclass of that relation. (Contributed by RP, 24-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑅 ∘ 𝑅) ⊆ 𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ⊆ 𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 ⊆ 𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑆 ∘ 𝑇) ⊆ 𝑅)
Theorem	xpcogend 14675	The most interesting case of the composition of two Cartesian products. (Contributed by RP, 24-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) ≠ ∅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐶 × 𝐷) ∘ (𝐴 × 𝐵)) = (𝐴 × 𝐷))
Theorem	xpcoidgend 14676	If two classes are not disjoint, then the composition of their Cartesian product with itself is idempotent. (Contributed by RP, 24-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ≠ ∅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐴 × 𝐵) ∘ (𝐴 × 𝐵)) = (𝐴 × 𝐵))
Theorem	cotr2g 14677*	Two ways of saying that the composition of two relations is included in a third relation. See its special instance cotr2 14678 for the main application. (Contributed by RP, 22-Mar-2020.)
⊢ dom 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐷    &   ⊢ (ran 𝐵 ∩ dom 𝐴) ⊆ 𝐸    &   ⊢ ran 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐹    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∘ 𝐵) ⊆ 𝐶 ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐷 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐸 ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝐹 ((𝑥𝐵𝑦 ∧ 𝑦𝐴𝑧) → 𝑥𝐶𝑧))
Theorem	cotr2 14678*	Two ways of saying a relation is transitive. Special instance of cotr2g 14677. (Contributed by RP, 22-Mar-2020.)
⊢ dom 𝑅 ⊆ 𝐴    &   ⊢ (dom 𝑅 ∩ ran 𝑅) ⊆ 𝐵    &   ⊢ ran 𝑅 ⊆ 𝐶    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 ∘ 𝑅) ⊆ 𝑅 ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝐶 ((𝑥𝑅𝑦 ∧ 𝑦𝑅𝑧) → 𝑥𝑅𝑧))
Theorem	cotr3 14679*	Two ways of saying a relation is transitive. (Contributed by RP, 22-Mar-2020.)
⊢ 𝐴 = dom 𝑅    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = ran 𝑅    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 ∘ 𝑅) ⊆ 𝑅 ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝐶 ((𝑥𝑅𝑦 ∧ 𝑦𝑅𝑧) → 𝑥𝑅𝑧))
Theorem	coemptyd 14680	Deduction about composition of classes with no relational content in common. (Contributed by RP, 24-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (dom 𝐴 ∩ ran 𝐵) = ∅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 ∘ 𝐵) = ∅)
Theorem	xptrrel 14681	The cross product is always a transitive relation. (Contributed by RP, 24-Dec-2019.)
⊢ ((𝐴 × 𝐵) ∘ (𝐴 × 𝐵)) ⊆ (𝐴 × 𝐵)
Theorem	0trrel 14682	The empty class is a transitive relation. (Contributed by RP, 24-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (∅ ∘ ∅) ⊆ ∅
5.8.2  Basic properties of closures
Theorem	cleq1lem 14683	Equality implies bijection. (Contributed by RP, 9-May-2020.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → ((𝐴 ⊆ 𝐶 ∧ 𝜑) ↔ (𝐵 ⊆ 𝐶 ∧ 𝜑)))
Theorem	cleq1 14684*	Equality of relations implies equality of closures. (Contributed by RP, 9-May-2020.)
⊢ (𝑅 = 𝑆 → ∩ {𝑟 ∣ (𝑅 ⊆ 𝑟 ∧ 𝜑)} = ∩ {𝑟 ∣ (𝑆 ⊆ 𝑟 ∧ 𝜑)})
Theorem	clsslem 14685*	The closure of a subclass is a subclass of the closure. (Contributed by RP, 16-May-2020.)
⊢ (𝑅 ⊆ 𝑆 → ∩ {𝑟 ∣ (𝑅 ⊆ 𝑟 ∧ 𝜑)} ⊆ ∩ {𝑟 ∣ (𝑆 ⊆ 𝑟 ∧ 𝜑)})
5.8.3  Definitions and basic properties of transitive closures
Syntax	ctcl 14686	Extend class notation to include the transitive closure symbol.
class t+
Syntax	crtcl 14687	Extend class notation with reflexive-transitive closure.
class t*
Definition	df-trcl 14688*	Transitive closure of a relation. This is the smallest superset which has the transitive property. (Contributed by FL, 27-Jun-2011.)
⊢ t+ = (𝑥 ∈ V ↦ ∩ {𝑧 ∣ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝑧 ∧ (𝑧 ∘ 𝑧) ⊆ 𝑧)})
Definition	df-rtrcl 14689*	Reflexive-transitive closure of a relation. This is the smallest superset which is reflexive property over all elements of its domain and range and has the transitive property. (Contributed by FL, 27-Jun-2011.)
⊢ t* = (𝑥 ∈ V ↦ ∩ {𝑧 ∣ (( I ↾ (dom 𝑥 ∪ ran 𝑥)) ⊆ 𝑧 ∧ 𝑥 ⊆ 𝑧 ∧ (𝑧 ∘ 𝑧) ⊆ 𝑧)})
Theorem	trcleq1 14690*	Equality of relations implies equality of transitive closures. (Contributed by RP, 9-May-2020.)
⊢ (𝑅 = 𝑆 → ∩ {𝑟 ∣ (𝑅 ⊆ 𝑟 ∧ (𝑟 ∘ 𝑟) ⊆ 𝑟)} = ∩ {𝑟 ∣ (𝑆 ⊆ 𝑟 ∧ (𝑟 ∘ 𝑟) ⊆ 𝑟)})
Theorem	trclsslem 14691*	The transitive closure (as a relation) of a subclass is a subclass of the transitive closure. (Contributed by RP, 3-May-2020.)
⊢ (𝑅 ⊆ 𝑆 → ∩ {𝑟 ∣ (𝑅 ⊆ 𝑟 ∧ (𝑟 ∘ 𝑟) ⊆ 𝑟)} ⊆ ∩ {𝑟 ∣ (𝑆 ⊆ 𝑟 ∧ (𝑟 ∘ 𝑟) ⊆ 𝑟)})
Theorem	trcleq2lem 14692	Equality implies bijection. (Contributed by RP, 5-May-2020.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → ((𝑅 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ (𝐴 ∘ 𝐴) ⊆ 𝐴) ↔ (𝑅 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ (𝐵 ∘ 𝐵) ⊆ 𝐵)))
Theorem	cvbtrcl 14693*	Change of bound variable in class of all transitive relations which are supersets of a relation. (Contributed by RP, 5-May-2020.)
⊢ {𝑥 ∣ (𝑅 ⊆ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ∘ 𝑥) ⊆ 𝑥)} = {𝑦 ∣ (𝑅 ⊆ 𝑦 ∧ (𝑦 ∘ 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑦)}
Theorem	trcleq12lem 14694	Equality implies bijection. (Contributed by RP, 9-May-2020.)
⊢ ((𝑅 = 𝑆 ∧ 𝐴 = 𝐵) → ((𝑅 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ (𝐴 ∘ 𝐴) ⊆ 𝐴) ↔ (𝑆 ⊆ 𝐵 ∧ (𝐵 ∘ 𝐵) ⊆ 𝐵)))
Theorem	trclexlem 14695	Existence of relation implies existence of union with Cartesian product of domain and range. (Contributed by RP, 5-May-2020.)
⊢ (𝑅 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝑅 ∪ (dom 𝑅 × ran 𝑅)) ∈ V)
Theorem	trclublem 14696*	If a relation exists then the class of transitive relations which are supersets of that relation is not empty. (Contributed by RP, 28-Apr-2020.)
⊢ (𝑅 ∈ 𝑉 → (𝑅 ∪ (dom 𝑅 × ran 𝑅)) ∈ {𝑥 ∣ (𝑅 ⊆ 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ∘ 𝑥) ⊆ 𝑥)})
Theorem	trclubi 14697*	The Cartesian product of the domain and range of a relation is an upper bound for its transitive closure. (Contributed by RP, 2-Jan-2020.) (Revised by RP, 28-Apr-2020.) (Revised by AV, 26-Mar-2021.)
⊢ Rel 𝑅    &   ⊢ 𝑅 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ ∩ {𝑠 ∣ (𝑅 ⊆ 𝑠 ∧ (𝑠 ∘ 𝑠) ⊆ 𝑠)} ⊆ (dom 𝑅 × ran 𝑅)
Theorem	trclubgi 14698*	The union with the Cartesian product of its domain and range is an upper bound for a set's transitive closure. (Contributed by RP, 3-Jan-2020.) (Revised by RP, 28-Apr-2020.) (Revised by AV, 26-Mar-2021.)
⊢ 𝑅 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ ∩ {𝑠 ∣ (𝑅 ⊆ 𝑠 ∧ (𝑠 ∘ 𝑠) ⊆ 𝑠)} ⊆ (𝑅 ∪ (dom 𝑅 × ran 𝑅))
Theorem	trclub 14699*	The Cartesian product of the domain and range of a relation is an upper bound for its transitive closure. (Contributed by RP, 17-May-2020.)
⊢ ((𝑅 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ Rel 𝑅) → ∩ {𝑟 ∣ (𝑅 ⊆ 𝑟 ∧ (𝑟 ∘ 𝑟) ⊆ 𝑟)} ⊆ (dom 𝑅 × ran 𝑅))
Theorem	trclubg 14700*	The union with the Cartesian product of its domain and range is an upper bound for a set's transitive closure (as a relation). (Contributed by RP, 17-May-2020.)
⊢ (𝑅 ∈ 𝑉 → ∩ {𝑟 ∣ (𝑅 ⊆ 𝑟 ∧ (𝑟 ∘ 𝑟) ⊆ 𝑟)} ⊆ (𝑅 ∪ (dom 𝑅 × ran 𝑅)))