P. 465 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 46401-46500   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	fourierdlem14 46401*	Given the partition 𝑉, 𝑄 is the partition shifted to the left by 𝑋. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (𝐴 + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = (𝐵 + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑉 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ 𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉‘𝑖) − 𝑋))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑂‘𝑀))
Theorem	fourierdlem15 46402*	The range of the partition is between its starting point and its ending point. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄:(0...𝑀)⟶(𝐴[,]𝐵))
Theorem	fourierdlem16 46403*	The coefficients of the fourier series are integrable and reals. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (-π(,)π)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 ↾ 𝐶) ∈ 𝐿1)    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ (∫𝐶((𝐹‘𝑥) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (((𝐴‘𝑁) ∈ ℝ ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐶 ↦ (𝐹‘𝑥)) ∈ 𝐿1) ∧ ∫𝐶((𝐹‘𝑥) · (cos‘(𝑁 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 ∈ ℝ))
Theorem	fourierdlem17 46404*	The defined 𝐿 is actually a function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (𝑥 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑥 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑥))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐿:(𝐴(,]𝐵)⟶(𝐴[,]𝐵))
Theorem	fourierdlem18 46405*	The function 𝑆 is continuous. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ (sin‘((𝑁 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ ((-π[,]π)–cn→ℝ))
Theorem	fourierdlem19 46406*	If two elements of 𝐷 have the same periodic image in (𝐴(,]𝐵) then they are equal. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑦 ∈ ((𝐴 + 𝑋)(,](𝐵 + 𝑋)) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ 𝐶}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ 𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ∈ 𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐸‘𝑍) = (𝐸‘𝑊))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝑊 < 𝑍)
Theorem	fourierdlem20 46407*	Every interval in the partition 𝑆 is included in an interval of the partition 𝑄. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≤ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄:(0...𝑀)⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑄‘0) ≤ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ≤ (𝑄‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ (0..^𝑁))    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = ({𝐴, 𝐵} ∪ (ran 𝑄 ∩ (𝐴(,)𝐵)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝑇))    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = sup({𝑘 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄‘𝑘) ≤ (𝑆‘𝐽)}, ℝ, < )    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)((𝑆‘𝐽)(,)(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))) ⊆ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))
Theorem	fourierdlem21 46408*	The coefficients of the fourier series are integrable and reals. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (-π(,)π)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 ↾ 𝐶) ∈ 𝐿1)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫𝐶((𝐹‘𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (((𝐵‘𝑁) ∈ ℝ ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐶 ↦ ((𝐹‘𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑁 · 𝑥)))) ∈ 𝐿1) ∧ ∫𝐶((𝐹‘𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑁 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 ∈ ℝ))
Theorem	fourierdlem22 46409*	The coefficients of the fourier series are integrable and reals. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (-π(,)π)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 ↾ 𝐶) ∈ 𝐿1)    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ (∫𝐶((𝐹‘𝑥) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫𝐶((𝐹‘𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 → (𝐴‘𝑛) ∈ ℝ) ∧ (𝑛 ∈ ℕ → (𝐵‘𝑛) ∈ ℝ)))
Theorem	fourierdlem23 46410*	If 𝐹 is continuous and 𝑋 is constant, then (𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) is continuous. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝐴–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ⊆ ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑠 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑋 + 𝑠) ∈ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑠 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ (𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠))) ∈ (𝐵–cn→ℂ))
Theorem	fourierdlem24 46411	A sufficient condition for module being nonzero. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ((-π[,]π) ∖ {0}) → (𝐴 mod (2 · π)) ≠ 0)
Theorem	fourierdlem25 46412*	If 𝐶 is not in the range of the partition, then it is in an open interval induced by the partition. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄:(0...𝑀)⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ((𝑄‘0)[,](𝑄‘𝑀)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝐶 ∈ ran 𝑄)    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = sup({𝑘 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄‘𝑘) < 𝐶}, ℝ, < )    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑀)𝐶 ∈ ((𝑄‘𝑗)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑗 + 1))))
Theorem	fourierdlem26 46413*	Periodic image of a point 𝑌 that's in the period that begins with the point 𝑋. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐸‘𝑋) = 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ (𝑋(,](𝑋 + 𝑇)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐸‘𝑌) = (𝐴 + (𝑌 − 𝑋)))
Theorem	fourierdlem27 46414	A partition open interval is a subset of the partitioned open interval. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ*)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ*)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄:(0...𝑀)⟶(𝐴[,]𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼 ∈ (0..^𝑀))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑄‘𝐼)(,)(𝑄‘(𝐼 + 1))) ⊆ (𝐴(,)𝐵))
Theorem	fourierdlem28 46415*	Derivative of (𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)). (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (ℝ D (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷:((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵))⟶ℝ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (ℝ D (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ (𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)))) = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ (𝐷‘(𝑋 + 𝑠))))
Theorem	fourierdlem29 46416*	Explicit function value for 𝐾 applied to 𝐴. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (-π[,]π) → (𝐾‘𝐴) = if(𝐴 = 0, 1, (𝐴 / (2 · (sin‘(𝐴 / 2))))))
Theorem	fourierdlem30 46417*	Sum of three small pieces is less than ε. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐼 ↦ (𝐹 · -𝐺)) ∈ 𝐿1)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐼) → 𝐹 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐼) → 𝐺 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = (abs‘𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ 𝑌 = (abs‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝑍 = (abs‘∫𝐼(𝐹 · -𝐺) d𝑥)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐸 ∈ ℝ+)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((((𝑋 + 𝑌) + 𝑍) / 𝐸) + 1) ≤ 𝑅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (abs‘𝐵) ≤ 1)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (abs‘𝐷) ≤ 1)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (abs‘(((𝐴 · -(𝐵 / 𝑅)) − (𝐶 · -(𝐷 / 𝑅))) − ∫𝐼(𝐹 · -(𝐺 / 𝑅)) d𝑥)) < 𝐸)
Theorem	fourierdlem31 46418*	If 𝐴 is finite and for any element in 𝐴 there is a number 𝑚 such that a property holds for all numbers larger than 𝑚, then there is a number 𝑛 such that the property holds for all numbers larger than 𝑛 and for all elements in 𝐴. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.) (Revised by AV, 29-Sep-2020.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑖𝜑    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑟𝜑    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑖𝑉    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑖 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∀𝑟 ∈ (𝑚(,)+∞)𝜒)    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = {𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∣ ∀𝑟 ∈ (𝑚(,)+∞)𝜒}    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (𝑖 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ inf(𝑀, ℝ, < ))    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = sup(ran 𝑉, ℝ, < )    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ ∀𝑟 ∈ (𝑛(,)+∞)∀𝑖 ∈ 𝐴 𝜒)
Theorem	fourierdlem32 46419	Limit of a continuous function on an open subinterval. Lower bound version. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ ((𝐴(,)𝐵)–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ (𝐹 limℂ 𝐴))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 < 𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐶(,)𝐷) ⊆ (𝐴(,)𝐵))    &   ⊢ 𝑌 = if(𝐶 = 𝐴, 𝑅, (𝐹‘𝐶))    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = ((TopOpen‘ℂfld) ↾t (𝐴[,)𝐵))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝐶(,)𝐷)) limℂ 𝐶))
Theorem	fourierdlem33 46420	Limit of a continuous function on an open subinterval. Upper bound version. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ ((𝐴(,)𝐵)–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐿 ∈ (𝐹 limℂ 𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 < 𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐶(,)𝐷) ⊆ (𝐴(,)𝐵))    &   ⊢ 𝑌 = if(𝐷 = 𝐵, 𝐿, (𝐹‘𝐷))    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = ((TopOpen‘ℂfld) ↾t ((𝐴(,)𝐵) ∪ {𝐵}))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝐶(,)𝐷)) limℂ 𝐷))
Theorem	fourierdlem34 46421*	A partition is one to one. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄:(0...𝑀)–1-1→ℝ)
Theorem	fourierdlem35 46422	There is a single point in (𝐴(,]𝐵) that's distant from 𝑋 a multiple integer of 𝑇. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ ℤ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 + (𝐼 · 𝑇)) ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 + (𝐽 · 𝑇)) ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼 = 𝐽)
Theorem	fourierdlem36 46423*	𝐹 is an isomorphism. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐴))    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = ((♯‘𝐴) − 1)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐴))
Theorem	fourierdlem37 46424*	𝐼 is a function that maps any real point to the point that in the partition that immediately precedes the corresponding periodic point in the interval. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (𝑦 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑦 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑦))    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄‘𝑖) ≤ (𝐿‘(𝐸‘𝑥))}, ℝ, < ))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐼:ℝ⟶(0..^𝑀) ∧ (𝑥 ∈ ℝ → sup({𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄‘𝑖) ≤ (𝐿‘(𝐸‘𝑥))}, ℝ, < ) ∈ {𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄‘𝑖) ≤ (𝐿‘(𝐸‘𝑥))})))
Theorem	fourierdlem38 46425*	The function 𝐹 is continuous on every interval induced by the partition 𝑄. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (dom 𝐹–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑛)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝‘𝑛) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑛)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝐴 ∪ ((-π[,]π) ∖ dom 𝐹))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ran 𝑄 = 𝐻)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))
Theorem	fourierdlem39 46426*	Integration by parts of ∫(𝐴(,)𝐵)((𝐹‘𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑅 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≤ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ ((𝐴[,]𝐵)–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (ℝ D 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ ((𝐴(,)𝐵)–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑦 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑥 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵)(abs‘(𝐺‘𝑥)) ≤ 𝑦)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ ℝ+)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∫(𝐴(,)𝐵)((𝐹‘𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑅 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 = ((((𝐹‘𝐵) · -((cos‘(𝑅 · 𝐵)) / 𝑅)) − ((𝐹‘𝐴) · -((cos‘(𝑅 · 𝐴)) / 𝑅))) − ∫(𝐴(,)𝐵)((𝐺‘𝑥) · -((cos‘(𝑅 · 𝑥)) / 𝑅)) d𝑥))
Theorem	fourierdlem40 46427*	𝐻 is a continuous function on any partition interval. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ (-π[,]π))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ (-π[,]π))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 0 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝐴 + 𝑋)(,)(𝐵 + 𝑋))) ∈ (((𝐴 + 𝑋)(,)(𝐵 + 𝑋))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐻 ↾ (𝐴(,)𝐵)) ∈ ((𝐴(,)𝐵)–cn→ℂ))
Theorem	fourierdlem41 46428*	Lemma used to prove that every real is a limit point for the domain of the derivative of the periodic function to be approximated. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐷 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ 𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑍 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇))    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + (𝑍‘𝑥)))    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))) ⊆ 𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (∃𝑦 ∈ ℝ (𝑦 < 𝑋 ∧ (𝑦(,)𝑋) ⊆ 𝐷) ∧ ∃𝑦 ∈ ℝ (𝑋 < 𝑦 ∧ (𝑋(,)𝑦) ⊆ 𝐷)))
Theorem	fourierdlem42 46429*	The set of points in a moved partition are finite. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.) (Revised by AV, 29-Sep-2020.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 < 𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐶 − 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ (𝐵[,]𝐶))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (abs ∘ − )    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = ((𝐴 × 𝐴) ∖ I )    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = ran (𝐷 ↾ 𝐼)    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = inf(𝑅, ℝ, < )    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (topGen‘ran (,))    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (𝐽 ↾t (𝑋[,]𝑌))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑥 ∈ (𝑋[,]𝑌) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ 𝐴}    &   ⊢ (𝜓 ↔ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑎 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝑏 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝑎 < 𝑏)) ∧ ∃𝑗 ∈ ℤ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ ((𝑎 + (𝑗 · 𝑇)) ∈ 𝐴 ∧ (𝑏 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ 𝐴)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ Fin)
Theorem	fourierdlem43 46430	𝐾 is a real function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐾:(-π[,]π)⟶ℝ
Theorem	fourierdlem44 46431	A condition for having (sin‘(𝐴 / 2)) nonzero. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ (-π[,]π) ∧ 𝐴 ≠ 0) → (sin‘(𝐴 / 2)) ≠ 0)
Theorem	fourierdlem46 46432*	The function 𝐹 has a limit at the bounds of every interval induced by the partition 𝑄. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (dom 𝐹–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ((-π[,)π) ∖ dom 𝐹)) → ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑥(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ((-π(,]π) ∖ dom 𝐹)) → ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑥)) limℂ 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 Isom < , < ((0...𝑀), 𝐻))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄:(0...𝑀)⟶𝐻)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼 ∈ (0..^𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑄‘𝐼) < (𝑄‘(𝐼 + 1)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑄‘𝐼)(,)(𝑄‘(𝐼 + 1))) ⊆ (-π(,)π))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ({-π, π, 𝐶} ∪ ((-π[,]π) ∖ dom 𝐹))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ran 𝑄 = 𝐻)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝐼)(,)(𝑄‘(𝐼 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝐼)) ≠ ∅ ∧ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝐼)(,)(𝑄‘(𝐼 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝐼 + 1))) ≠ ∅))
Theorem	fourierdlem47 46433*	For 𝑟 large enough, the final expression is less than the given positive 𝐸. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐼 ↦ 𝐹) ∈ 𝐿1)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑟 ∈ ℝ) → (𝑥 ∈ 𝐼 ↦ (𝐹 · -𝐺)) ∈ 𝐿1)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐼) → 𝐹 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐼) ∧ 𝑟 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐺 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐼) ∧ 𝑟 ∈ ℝ) → (abs‘𝐺) ≤ 1)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = (abs‘𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ 𝑌 = (abs‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝑍 = ∫𝐼(abs‘𝐹) d𝑥    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐸 ∈ ℝ+)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑟 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐵 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑟 ∈ ℝ) → (abs‘𝐵) ≤ 1)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑟 ∈ ℂ) → 𝐷 ∈ ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑟 ∈ ℝ) → (abs‘𝐷) ≤ 1)    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = ((⌊‘((((𝑋 + 𝑌) + 𝑍) / 𝐸) + 1)) + 1)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∀𝑟 ∈ (𝑚(,)+∞)(abs‘(((𝐴 · -(𝐵 / 𝑟)) − (𝐶 · -(𝐷 / 𝑟))) − ∫𝐼(𝐹 · -(𝐺 / 𝑟)) d𝑥)) < 𝐸)
Theorem	fourierdlem48 46434*	The given periodic function 𝐹 has a right limit at every point in the reals. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐷⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐷 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ 𝐷)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐷 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇))) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑍 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇))    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + (𝑍‘𝑥)))    &   ⊢ (𝜒 ↔ ((((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) ∧ 𝑦 ∈ ((𝑄‘𝑖)[,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) ∧ 𝑦 = (𝑋 + (𝑘 · 𝑇))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑋) ≠ ∅)
Theorem	fourierdlem49 46435*	The given periodic function 𝐹 has a left limit at every point in the reals. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ⊆ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐷⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐷 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ 𝐷)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐷 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇))) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑍 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇))    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + (𝑍‘𝑥)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) limℂ 𝑋) ≠ ∅)
Theorem	fourierdlem50 46436*	Continuity of 𝑂 and its limits with respect to the 𝑆 partition. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = (π + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑉 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴[,]𝐵) ⊆ (-π[,]π))    &   ⊢ 𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉‘𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = ({𝐴, 𝐵} ∪ (ran 𝑄 ∩ (𝐴(,)𝐵)))    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = ((♯‘𝑇) − 1)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝑇))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ (0..^𝑁))    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = (℩𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)((𝑆‘𝐽)(,)(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))) ⊆ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ (𝜒 ↔ ((((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) ∧ ((𝑆‘𝐽)(,)(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))) ⊆ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∧ 𝑘 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) ∧ ((𝑆‘𝐽)(,)(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))) ⊆ ((𝑄‘𝑘)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑘 + 1)))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑈 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∧ ((𝑆‘𝐽)(,)(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))) ⊆ ((𝑄‘𝑈)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑈 + 1)))))
Theorem	fourierdlem51 46437*	𝑋 is in the periodic partition, when the considered interval is centered at 𝑋. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 0)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 0 < 𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ⊆ (𝐴[,]𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐸‘𝑋) ∈ 𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = ({(𝐴 + 𝑋), (𝐵 + 𝑋)} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ ((𝐴 + 𝑋)[,](𝐵 + 𝑋)) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ 𝐶})    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...((♯‘𝐷) − 1)), 𝐷))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑦 ∈ ((𝐴 + 𝑋)(,](𝐵 + 𝑋)) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ 𝐶}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ran 𝐹)
Theorem	fourierdlem52 46438*	d16:d17,d18:jca |- ( ph -> ( ( S 0) ≤ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐴 ≤ (𝑆 0 ) ) ) . (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = ((♯‘𝑇) − 1)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝑇))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 ⊆ (𝐴[,]𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑇)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑇)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑆:(0...𝑁)⟶(𝐴[,]𝐵) ∧ (𝑆‘0) = 𝐴) ∧ (𝑆‘𝑁) = 𝐵))
Theorem	fourierdlem53 46439*	The limit of 𝐹(𝑠) at (𝑋 + 𝐷) is the limit of 𝐹(𝑋 + 𝑠) at 𝐷. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑠 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑠 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝑋 + 𝑠) ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ⊆ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑠 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝑠 ≠ 𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ 𝐵) limℂ (𝑋 + 𝐷)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ ℂ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ (𝐺 limℂ 𝐷))
Theorem	fourierdlem54 46440*	Given a partition 𝑄 and an arbitrary interval [𝐶, 𝐷], a partition 𝑆 on [𝐶, 𝐷] is built such that it preserves any periodic function piecewise continuous on 𝑄 will be piecewise continuous on 𝑆, with the same limits. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 < 𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐶 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐷) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑥 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐻))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑁 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑆 ∈ (𝑂‘𝑁)) ∧ 𝑆 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐻)))
Theorem	fourierdlem55 46441*	𝑈 is a real function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐻‘𝑠) · (𝐾‘𝑠)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈:(-π[,]π)⟶ℝ)
Theorem	fourierdlem56 46442*	Derivative of the 𝐾 function on an interval not containing ' 0 '. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴(,)𝐵) ⊆ ((-π[,]π) ∖ {0}))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵)) → 𝑠 ≠ 0)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (ℝ D (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ (𝐾‘𝑠))) = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ ((((sin‘(𝑠 / 2)) − (((cos‘(𝑠 / 2)) / 2) · 𝑠)) / ((sin‘(𝑠 / 2))↑2)) / 2)))
Theorem	fourierdlem57 46443*	The derivative of 𝑂. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (ℝ D (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵)))):((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵))⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴(,)𝐵) ⊆ (-π[,]π))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 0 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − 𝐶) / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 → ((ℝ D 𝑂):(𝐴(,)𝐵)⟶ℝ ∧ (ℝ D 𝑂) = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ (((((ℝ D (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵))))‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) · (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))) − ((cos‘(𝑠 / 2)) · ((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − 𝐶))) / ((2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))↑2))))) ∧ (ℝ D (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))) = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ (cos‘(𝑠 / 2))))
Theorem	fourierdlem58 46444*	The derivative of 𝐾 is continuous on the given interval. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ (-π[,]π))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 0 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ (topGen‘ran (,)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (ℝ D 𝐾) ∈ (𝐴–cn→ℝ))
Theorem	fourierdlem59 46445*	The derivative of 𝐻 is continuous on the given interval. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 0 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (ℝ D (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵)))) ∈ (((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵))–cn→ℝ))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − 𝐶) / 𝑠))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (ℝ D 𝐻) ∈ ((𝐴(,)𝐵)–cn→ℝ))
Theorem	fourierdlem60 46446*	Given a differentiable function 𝐹, with finite limit of the derivative at 𝐴 the derived function 𝐻 has a limit at 0. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:(𝐴(,)𝐵)⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ (𝐹 limℂ 𝐵))    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (ℝ D 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → dom 𝐺 = (𝐴(,)𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐸 ∈ (𝐺 limℂ 𝐵))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ ((𝐴 − 𝐵)(,)0) ↦ (((𝐹‘(𝐵 + 𝑠)) − 𝑌) / 𝑠))    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑠 ∈ ((𝐴 − 𝐵)(,)0) ↦ ((𝐹‘(𝐵 + 𝑠)) − 𝑌))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑠 ∈ ((𝐴 − 𝐵)(,)0) ↦ 𝑠)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐸 ∈ (𝐻 limℂ 0))
Theorem	fourierdlem61 46447*	Given a differentiable function 𝐹, with finite limit of the derivative at 𝐴 the derived function 𝐻 has a limit at 0. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:(𝐴(,)𝐵)⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ (𝐹 limℂ 𝐴))    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (ℝ D 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → dom 𝐺 = (𝐴(,)𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐸 ∈ (𝐺 limℂ 𝐴))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (0(,)(𝐵 − 𝐴)) ↦ (((𝐹‘(𝐴 + 𝑠)) − 𝑌) / 𝑠))    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (𝑠 ∈ (0(,)(𝐵 − 𝐴)) ↦ ((𝐹‘(𝐴 + 𝑠)) − 𝑌))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑠 ∈ (0(,)(𝐵 − 𝐴)) ↦ 𝑠)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐸 ∈ (𝐻 limℂ 0))
Theorem	fourierdlem62 46448	The function 𝐾 is continuous. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝐾 = (𝑦 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑦 = 0, 1, (𝑦 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑦 / 2))))))    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐾 ∈ ((-π[,]π)–cn→ℝ)
Theorem	fourierdlem63 46449*	The upper bound of intervals in the moved partition are mapped to points that are not greater than the corresponding upper bounds in the original partition. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 < 𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐶 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐷) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑥 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐻))    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐾 ∈ (0...𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ (0..^𝑁))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ ((𝑆‘𝐽)[,)(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐸‘𝑌) < (𝑄‘𝐾))    &   ⊢ 𝑋 = ((𝑄‘𝐾) − ((𝐸‘𝑌) − 𝑌))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐸‘(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))) ≤ (𝑄‘𝐾))
Theorem	fourierdlem64 46450*	The partition 𝑉 is finer than 𝑄, when 𝑄 is moved on the same interval where 𝑉 lies. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 < 𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐻))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ (0..^𝑁))    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = sup({𝑘 ∈ ℤ ∣ ((𝑄‘0) + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ≤ (𝑉‘𝐽)}, ℝ, < )    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = sup({𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ ((𝑄‘𝑗) + (𝐿 · 𝑇)) ≤ (𝑉‘𝐽)}, ℝ, < )    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐼 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∧ 𝐿 ∈ ℤ) ∧ ∃𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)∃𝑙 ∈ ℤ ((𝑉‘𝐽)(,)(𝑉‘(𝐽 + 1))) ⊆ (((𝑄‘𝑖) + (𝑙 · 𝑇))(,)((𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)) + (𝑙 · 𝑇)))))
Theorem	fourierdlem65 46451*	The distance of two adjacent points in the moved partition is preserved in the original partition. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ (𝐶(,)+∞))    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐶 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐷) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = ((♯‘({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · (𝐵 − 𝐴))) ∈ ran 𝑄})) − 1)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · (𝐵 − 𝐴))) ∈ ran 𝑄})))    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (𝑦 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑦 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑦))    &   ⊢ 𝑍 = ((𝑆‘𝑗) + (𝐵 − (𝐸‘(𝑆‘𝑗))))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑁)) → ((𝐸‘(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))) − (𝐿‘(𝐸‘(𝑆‘𝑗)))) = ((𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)) − (𝑆‘𝑗)))
Theorem	fourierdlem66 46452*	Value of the 𝐺 function when the argument is not zero. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑠 ∈ ℝ ↦ if((𝑠 mod (2 · π)) = 0, (((2 · 𝑛) + 1) / (2 · π)), ((sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)) / ((2 · π) · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐻‘𝑠) · (𝐾‘𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ (sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝑈‘𝑠) · (𝑆‘𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = ((-π[,]π) ∖ {0})    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑛 ∈ ℕ) ∧ 𝑠 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝐺‘𝑠) = (π · (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) · ((𝐷‘𝑛)‘𝑠))))
Theorem	fourierdlem67 46453*	𝐺 is a function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐻‘𝑠) · (𝐾‘𝑠)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ (sin‘((𝑁 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝑈‘𝑠) · (𝑆‘𝑠)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺:(-π[,]π)⟶ℝ)
Theorem	fourierdlem68 46454*	The derivative of 𝑂 is bounded on the given interval. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴[,]𝐵) ⊆ (-π[,]π))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 0 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (ℝ D (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵)))):((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵))⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑡 ∈ ((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵))) → (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑡)) ≤ 𝐷)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐸 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑡 ∈ ((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵))) → (abs‘((ℝ D (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑋 + 𝐴)(,)(𝑋 + 𝐵))))‘𝑡)) ≤ 𝐸)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − 𝐶) / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (dom (ℝ D 𝑂) = (𝐴(,)𝐵) ∧ ∃𝑏 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑠 ∈ dom (ℝ D 𝑂)(abs‘((ℝ D 𝑂)‘𝑠)) ≤ 𝑏))
Theorem	fourierdlem69 46455*	A piecewise continuous function is integrable. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:(𝐴[,]𝐵)⟶ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝐿1)
Theorem	fourierdlem70 46456*	A piecewise continuous function is bounded. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≤ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:(𝐴[,]𝐵)⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄:(0...𝑀)⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑄‘0) = 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑄‘𝑀) = 𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝑄‘𝑖) < (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ↦ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑠 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵)(abs‘(𝐹‘𝑠)) ≤ 𝑥)
Theorem	fourierdlem71 46457*	A periodic piecewise continuous function, possibly undefined on a finite set in each periodic interval, is bounded. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → dom 𝐹 ⊆ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:dom 𝐹⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄:(0...𝑀)⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑄‘0) = 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑄‘𝑀) = 𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ dom 𝐹) ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ dom 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ dom 𝐹) ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℤ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇))) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ↦ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑦 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑥 ∈ dom 𝐹(abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)) ≤ 𝑦)
Theorem	fourierdlem72 46458*	The derivative of 𝑂 is continuous on the given interval. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = (π + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑉 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℝ))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴(,)𝐵) ⊆ (-π[,]π))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 0 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉‘𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 ∈ (0..^𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴(,)𝐵) ⊆ ((𝑄‘𝑈)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑈 + 1))))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − 𝐶) / 𝑠))    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵) ↦ ((𝐻‘𝑠) · (𝐾‘𝑠)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (ℝ D 𝑂) ∈ ((𝐴(,)𝐵)–cn→ℂ))
Theorem	fourierdlem73 46459*	A version of the Riemann Lebesgue lemma: as 𝑟 increases, the integral in 𝑆 goes to zero. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:(𝐴[,]𝐵)⟶ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄:(0...𝑀)⟶(𝐴[,]𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑄‘0) = 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑄‘𝑀) = 𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝑄‘𝑖) < (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (ℝ D 𝐹)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐺 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑦 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑥 ∈ dom 𝐺(abs‘(𝐺‘𝑥)) ≤ 𝑦)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ↦ ∫(𝐴(,)𝐵)((𝐹‘𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑟 · 𝑥))) d𝑥)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑥 ∈ ((𝑄‘𝑖)[,](𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))) ↦ if(𝑥 = (𝑄‘𝑖), 𝑅, if(𝑥 = (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)), 𝐿, (𝐹‘𝑥))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑒 ∈ ℝ+ ∃𝑛 ∈ ℕ ∀𝑟 ∈ (𝑛(,)+∞)(abs‘∫(𝐴(,)𝐵)((𝐹‘𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑟 · 𝑥))) d𝑥) < 𝑒)
Theorem	fourierdlem74 46460*	Given a piecewise smooth function 𝐹, the derived function 𝐻 has a limit at the upper bound of each interval of the partition 𝑄. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = (π + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ran 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑉 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ 𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉‘𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (ℝ D 𝐹)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐺 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))):((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐸 ∈ ((𝐺 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = if((𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)) = 𝑋, 𝐸, ((𝑅 − if((𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)) < 𝑋, 𝑊, 𝑌)) / (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐴 ∈ ((𝐻 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))
Theorem	fourierdlem75 46461*	Given a piecewise smooth function 𝐹, the derived function 𝐻 has a limit at the lower bound of each interval of the partition 𝑄. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = (π + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ran 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑉 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑉‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ 𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉‘𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (ℝ D 𝐹)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐺 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))):((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))⟶ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐸 ∈ ((𝐺 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = if((𝑉‘𝑖) = 𝑋, 𝐸, ((𝑅 − if((𝑉‘𝑖) < 𝑋, 𝑊, 𝑌)) / (𝑄‘𝑖)))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐴 ∈ ((𝐻 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)))
Theorem	fourierdlem76 46462*	Continuity of 𝑂 and its limits with respect to the 𝑆 partition. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = (π + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑉 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑉‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴[,]𝐵) ⊆ (-π[,]π))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 0 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵) ↦ ((((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − 𝐶) / 𝑠) · (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉‘𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = ({𝐴, 𝐵} ∪ (ran 𝑄 ∩ (𝐴(,)𝐵)))    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = ((♯‘𝑇) − 1)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝑇))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (((if((𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)) = (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)), 𝐿, (𝐹‘(𝑋 + (𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))))) − 𝐶) / (𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))) · ((𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)) / (2 · (sin‘((𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)) / 2)))))    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (((if((𝑆‘𝑗) = (𝑄‘𝑖), 𝑅, (𝐹‘(𝑋 + (𝑆‘𝑗)))) − 𝐶) / (𝑆‘𝑗)) · ((𝑆‘𝑗) / (2 · (sin‘((𝑆‘𝑗) / 2)))))    &   ⊢ (𝜒 ↔ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑁)) ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) ∧ ((𝑆‘𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))) ⊆ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))))    ⇒   ⊢ ((((𝜑 ∧ 𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑁)) ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) ∧ ((𝑆‘𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))) ⊆ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) → ((𝐷 ∈ ((𝑂 ↾ ((𝑆‘𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ ((𝑂 ↾ ((𝑆‘𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑆‘𝑗))) ∧ (𝑂 ↾ ((𝑆‘𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑆‘𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)))–cn→ℂ)))
Theorem	fourierdlem77 46463*	If 𝐻 is bounded, then 𝑈 is bounded. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐻‘𝑠) · (𝐾‘𝑠)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑎 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π)(abs‘(𝐻‘𝑠)) ≤ 𝑎)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑏 ∈ ℝ+ ∀𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π)(abs‘(𝑈‘𝑠)) ≤ 𝑏)
Theorem	fourierdlem78 46464*	𝐺 is continuous when restricted on an interval not containing 0. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ (-π[,]π))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ (-π[,]π))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 0 ∈ (𝐴(,)𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝐴 + 𝑋)(,)(𝐵 + 𝑋))) ∈ (((𝐴 + 𝑋)(,)(𝐵 + 𝑋))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐻‘𝑠) · (𝐾‘𝑠)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ (sin‘((𝑁 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝑈‘𝑠) · (𝑆‘𝑠)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺 ↾ (𝐴(,)𝐵)) ∈ ((𝐴(,)𝐵)–cn→ℝ))
Theorem	fourierdlem79 46465*	𝐸 projects every interval of the partition induced by 𝑆 on 𝐻 into a corresponding interval of the partition induced by 𝑄 on [𝐴, 𝐵]. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 < 𝐷)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐶 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐷) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑥 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐻))    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (𝑦 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑦 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑦))    &   ⊢ 𝑍 = ((𝑆‘𝑗) + if(((𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)) − (𝑆‘𝑗)) < ((𝑄‘1) − 𝐴), (((𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)) − (𝑆‘𝑗)) / 2), (((𝑄‘1) − 𝐴) / 2)))    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄‘𝑖) ≤ (𝐿‘(𝐸‘𝑥))}, ℝ, < ))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑁)) → ((𝐿‘(𝐸‘(𝑆‘𝑗)))(,)(𝐸‘(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)))) ⊆ ((𝑄‘(𝐼‘(𝑆‘𝑗)))(,)(𝑄‘((𝐼‘(𝑆‘𝑗)) + 1))))
Theorem	fourierdlem80 46466*	The derivative of 𝑂 is bounded on the given interval. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴[,]𝐵) ⊆ (-π[,]π))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 0 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵) ↦ (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − 𝐶) / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = ((𝑋 + (𝑆‘𝑗))(,)(𝑋 + (𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑁)) → ∃𝑤 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝐼 (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑡)) ≤ 𝑤)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑁)) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝐼 (abs‘((ℝ D (𝐹 ↾ 𝐼))‘𝑡)) ≤ 𝑧)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆:(0...𝑁)⟶(𝐴[,]𝐵))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑁)) → (𝑆‘𝑗) < (𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑁)) → ((𝑆‘𝑗)[,](𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))) ⊆ (𝐴[,]𝐵))    &   ⊢ (((𝜑 ∧ 𝑟 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵)) ∧ ¬ 𝑟 ∈ ran 𝑆) → ∃𝑘 ∈ (0..^𝑁)𝑟 ∈ ((𝑆‘𝑘)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑘 + 1))))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑁)) → (ℝ D (𝐹 ↾ 𝐼)):𝐼⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑌 = (𝑠 ∈ ((𝑆‘𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))) ↦ (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − 𝐶) / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))    &   ⊢ (𝜒 ↔ (((((𝜑 ∧ 𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑁)) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ ℝ) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ ℝ) ∧ ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝐼 (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑡)) ≤ 𝑤) ∧ ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝐼 (abs‘((ℝ D (𝐹 ↾ 𝐼))‘𝑡)) ≤ 𝑧))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑏 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑠 ∈ dom (ℝ D 𝑂)(abs‘((ℝ D 𝑂)‘𝑠)) ≤ 𝑏)
Theorem	fourierdlem81 46467*	The integral of a piecewise continuous periodic function 𝐹 is unchanged if the domain is shifted by its period 𝑇. In this lemma, 𝑇 is assumed to be strictly positive. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 ∈ ℝ+)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵)) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑄‘𝑖) + 𝑇))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ ((𝑄‘𝑖)[,](𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))) ↦ if(𝑥 = (𝑄‘𝑖), 𝑅, if(𝑥 = (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)), 𝐿, (𝐹‘𝑥))))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑥 ∈ ((𝑆‘𝑖)[,](𝑆‘(𝑖 + 1))) ↦ (𝐺‘(𝑥 − 𝑇)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∫((𝐴 + 𝑇)[,](𝐵 + 𝑇))(𝐹‘𝑥) d𝑥 = ∫(𝐴[,]𝐵)(𝐹‘𝑥) d𝑥)
Theorem	fourierdlem82 46468*	Integral by substitution, adding a constant to the function's argument, for a function on an open interval with finite limits ad boundary points. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑥 = 𝐴, 𝑅, if(𝑥 = 𝐵, 𝐿, ((𝐹 ↾ (𝐴(,)𝐵))‘𝑥))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:(𝐴[,]𝐵)⟶ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 ↾ (𝐴(,)𝐵)) ∈ ((𝐴(,)𝐵)–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐿 ∈ (𝐹 limℂ 𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ (𝐹 limℂ 𝐴))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∫(𝐴[,]𝐵)(𝐹‘𝑡) d𝑡 = ∫((𝐴 − 𝑋)[,](𝐵 − 𝑋))(𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑡)) d𝑡)
Theorem	fourierdlem83 46469*	The fourier partial sum for 𝐹 rewritten as an integral. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (-π(,)π)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 ↾ 𝐶) ∈ 𝐿1)    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ (∫𝐶((𝐹‘𝑥) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫𝐶((𝐹‘𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ (((𝐴‘0) / 2) + Σ𝑛 ∈ (1...𝑚)(((𝐴‘𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵‘𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))))))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑠 ∈ ℝ ↦ if((𝑠 mod (2 · π)) = 0, (((2 · 𝑛) + 1) / (2 · π)), ((sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)) / ((2 · π) · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑆‘𝑁) = ∫𝐶((𝐹‘𝑥) · ((𝐷‘𝑁)‘(𝑥 − 𝑋))) d𝑥)
Theorem	fourierdlem84 46470*	If 𝐹 is piecewise continuous and 𝐷 is continuous, then 𝐺 is continuous. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (𝐴 + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = (𝐵 + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑉 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑉‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ 𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉‘𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ (ℝ–cn→ℝ))    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵) ↦ ((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) · (𝐷‘𝑠)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐿1)
Theorem	fourierdlem85 46471*	Limit of the function 𝐺 at the lower bounds of the partition intervals. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = (π + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ran 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐻‘𝑠) · (𝐾‘𝑠)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ (sin‘((𝑁 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝑈‘𝑠) · (𝑆‘𝑠)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑉 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑉‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ 𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉‘𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (ℝ D 𝐹)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐼 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))):((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))⟶ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐸 ∈ ((𝐼 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = ((if((𝑉‘𝑖) = 𝑋, 𝐸, ((𝑅 − if((𝑉‘𝑖) < 𝑋, 𝑊, 𝑌)) / (𝑄‘𝑖))) · (𝐾‘(𝑄‘𝑖))) · (𝑆‘(𝑄‘𝑖)))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐴 ∈ ((𝐺 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)))
Theorem	fourierdlem86 46472*	Continuity of 𝑂 and its limits with respect to the 𝑆 partition. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = (π + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑉 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑉‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 < 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴[,]𝐵) ⊆ (-π[,]π))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 0 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑠 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵) ↦ ((((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − 𝐶) / 𝑠) · (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉‘𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = ({𝐴, 𝐵} ∪ (ran 𝑄 ∩ (𝐴(,)𝐵)))    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = ((♯‘𝑇) − 1)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝑇))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (((if((𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)) = (𝑄‘(𝑈 + 1)), ⦋𝑈 / 𝑖⦌𝐿, (𝐹‘(𝑋 + (𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))))) − 𝐶) / (𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))) · ((𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)) / (2 · (sin‘((𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)) / 2)))))    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (((if((𝑆‘𝑗) = (𝑄‘𝑈), ⦋𝑈 / 𝑖⦌𝑅, (𝐹‘(𝑋 + (𝑆‘𝑗)))) − 𝐶) / (𝑆‘𝑗)) · ((𝑆‘𝑗) / (2 · (sin‘((𝑆‘𝑗) / 2)))))    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = (℩𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)((𝑆‘𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))) ⊆ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑁)) → ((𝐷 ∈ ((𝑂 ↾ ((𝑆‘𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1))) ∧ 𝐸 ∈ ((𝑂 ↾ ((𝑆‘𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑆‘𝑗))) ∧ (𝑂 ↾ ((𝑆‘𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑆‘𝑗)(,)(𝑆‘(𝑗 + 1)))–cn→ℂ)))
Theorem	fourierdlem87 46473*	The integral of 𝐺 goes uniformly ( with respect to 𝑛) to zero if the measure of the domain of integration goes to zero. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐻‘𝑠) · (𝐾‘𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ (sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝑈‘𝑠) · (𝑆‘𝑠)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π)(abs‘(𝐻‘𝑠)) ≤ 𝑥)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑛 ∈ ℕ) → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐿1)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = ((𝑒 / 3) / 𝑎)    &   ⊢ (𝜒 ↔ (((((𝜑 ∧ 𝑒 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ 𝑎 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ ∀𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π)(abs‘(𝐺‘𝑠)) ≤ 𝑎) ∧ 𝑢 ∈ dom vol) ∧ (𝑢 ⊆ (-π[,]π) ∧ (vol‘𝑢) ≤ 𝐷)) ∧ 𝑛 ∈ ℕ))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑒 ∈ ℝ+) → ∃𝑑 ∈ ℝ+ ∀𝑢 ∈ dom vol((𝑢 ⊆ (-π[,]π) ∧ (vol‘𝑢) ≤ 𝑑) → ∀𝑘 ∈ ℕ (abs‘∫𝑢((𝑈‘𝑠) · (sin‘((𝑘 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠))) d𝑠) < (𝑒 / 2)))
Theorem	fourierdlem88 46474*	Given a piecewise continuous function 𝐹, a continuous function 𝐾 and a continuous function 𝑆, the function 𝐺 is integrable. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = (π + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ran 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐻‘𝑠) · (𝐾‘𝑠)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ (sin‘((𝑁 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝑈‘𝑠) · (𝑆‘𝑠)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑉 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑉‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ 𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉‘𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (ℝ D 𝐹)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐼 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))):((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ((𝐼 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ ((𝐼 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑋))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ 𝐿1)
Theorem	fourierdlem89 46475*	Given a piecewise continuous function and changing the interval and the partition, the limit at the lower bound of each interval of the moved partition is still finite. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ (𝐶(,)+∞))    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐶 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐷) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐻))    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   ⊢ 𝑍 = (𝑦 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑦 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑦))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ (0..^𝑁))    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = ((𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1)) − (𝐸‘(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))))    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄‘𝑖) ≤ (𝑍‘(𝐸‘𝑥))}, ℝ, < ))    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ↦ 𝑅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → if((𝑍‘(𝐸‘(𝑆‘𝐽))) = (𝑄‘(𝐼‘(𝑆‘𝐽))), (𝑉‘(𝐼‘(𝑆‘𝐽))), (𝐹‘(𝑍‘(𝐸‘(𝑆‘𝐽))))) ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑆‘𝐽)(,)(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑆‘𝐽)))
Theorem	fourierdlem90 46476*	Given a piecewise continuous function, it is still continuous with respect to an open interval of the moved partition. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ (𝐶(,)+∞))    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐶 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐷) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐻))    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (𝑦 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑦 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑦))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ (0..^𝑁))    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = ((𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1)) − (𝐸‘(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))))    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝐹 ↾ ((𝐿‘(𝐸‘(𝑆‘𝐽)))(,)(𝐸‘(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1)))))    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = (𝑦 ∈ (((𝐿‘(𝐸‘(𝑆‘𝐽))) + 𝑈)(,)((𝐸‘(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))) + 𝑈)) ↦ (𝐺‘(𝑦 − 𝑈)))    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄‘𝑖) ≤ (𝐿‘(𝐸‘𝑥))}, ℝ, < ))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑆‘𝐽)(,)(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑆‘𝐽)(,)(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))
Theorem	fourierdlem91 46477*	Given a piecewise continuous function and changing the interval and the partition, the limit at the upper bound of each interval of the moved partition is still finite. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ (𝐶(,)+∞))    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐶 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐷) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐻))    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   ⊢ 𝑍 = (𝑦 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑦 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑦))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ (0..^𝑁))    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = ((𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1)) − (𝐸‘(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))))    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄‘𝑖) ≤ (𝑍‘(𝐸‘𝑥))}, ℝ, < ))    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ↦ 𝐿)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → if((𝐸‘(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))) = (𝑄‘((𝐼‘(𝑆‘𝐽)) + 1)), (𝑊‘(𝐼‘(𝑆‘𝐽))), (𝐹‘(𝐸‘(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))))) ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑆‘𝐽)(,)(𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑆‘(𝐽 + 1))))
Theorem	fourierdlem92 46478*	The integral of a piecewise continuous periodic function 𝐹 is unchanged if the domain is shifted by its period 𝑇. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ (𝐴[,]𝐵)) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑄‘𝑖) + 𝑇))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (𝐴 + 𝑇) ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = (𝐵 + 𝑇)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∫((𝐴 + 𝑇)[,](𝐵 + 𝑇))(𝐹‘𝑥) d𝑥 = ∫(𝐴[,]𝐵)(𝐹‘𝑥) d𝑥)
Theorem	fourierdlem93 46479*	Integral by substitution (the domain is shifted by 𝑋) for a piecewise continuous function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑄‘𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:(-π[,]π)⟶ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∫(-π[,]π)(𝐹‘𝑡) d𝑡 = ∫((-π − 𝑋)[,](π − 𝑋))(𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) d𝑠)
Theorem	fourierdlem94 46480*	For a piecewise smooth function, the left and the right limits exist at any point. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑛)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝‘𝑛) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑛)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)) ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))) ≠ ∅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) limℂ 𝑋) ≠ ∅ ∧ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑋) ≠ ∅))
Theorem	fourierdlem95 46481*	Algebraic manipulation of integrals, used by other lemmas. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = (π + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑉 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ran 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑉‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐻‘𝑠) · (𝐾‘𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ (sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝑈‘𝑠) · (𝑆‘𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (ℝ D 𝐹)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐼 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))):((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ((𝐼 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ((𝐼 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ dom vol)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ⊆ ((-π[,]π) ∖ {0}))    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫𝐴(𝐺‘𝑠) d𝑠 / π))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑠 ∈ ℝ ↦ if((𝑠 mod (2 · π)) = 0, (((2 · 𝑛) + 1) / (2 · π)), ((sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)) / ((2 · π) · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑂 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑠 ∈ 𝐴) → if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊) = 𝑂)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑛 ∈ ℕ) → ∫𝐴((𝐷‘𝑛)‘𝑠) d𝑠 = (1 / 2))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑛 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝐸‘𝑛) + (𝑂 / 2)) = ∫𝐴((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) · ((𝐷‘𝑛)‘𝑠)) d𝑠)
Theorem	fourierdlem96 46482*	limit for 𝐹 at the lower bound of an interval for the moved partition 𝑉. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ (𝐶(,)+∞))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ (0..^((♯‘({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})) − 1)))    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (℩𝑔𝑔 Isom < , < ((0...((♯‘({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})) − 1)), ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃ℎ ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (ℎ · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → if(((𝑢 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑢 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑢))‘((𝑣 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑣 + ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑣) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))‘(𝑉‘𝐽))) = (𝑄‘((𝑦 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄‘𝑗) ≤ ((𝑢 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑢 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑢))‘((𝑣 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑣 + ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑣) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))‘𝑦))}, ℝ, < ))‘(𝑉‘𝐽))), ((𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ↦ 𝑅)‘((𝑦 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄‘𝑗) ≤ ((𝑢 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑢 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑢))‘((𝑣 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑣 + ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑣) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))‘𝑦))}, ℝ, < ))‘(𝑉‘𝐽))), (𝐹‘((𝑢 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑢 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑢))‘((𝑣 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑣 + ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑣) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))‘(𝑉‘𝐽))))) ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝐽)(,)(𝑉‘(𝐽 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑉‘𝐽)))
Theorem	fourierdlem97 46483*	𝐹 is continuous on the intervals induced by the moved partition 𝑉. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (ℝ D 𝐹)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐺 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ (𝐶(,)+∞))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ (0..^((♯‘({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})) − 1)))    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (℩𝑔𝑔 Isom < , < ((0...((♯‘({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})) − 1)), ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃ℎ ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (ℎ · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ ℝ ↦ if(𝑠 ∈ dom 𝐺, (𝐺‘𝑠), 0))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝐽)(,)(𝑉‘(𝐽 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉‘𝐽)(,)(𝑉‘(𝐽 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))
Theorem	fourierdlem98 46484*	𝐹 is continuous on the intervals induced by the moved partition 𝑉. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ (𝐶(,)+∞))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ (0..^((♯‘({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})) − 1)))    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (℩𝑔𝑔 Isom < , < ((0...((♯‘({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})) − 1)), ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃ℎ ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (ℎ · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝐽)(,)(𝑉‘(𝐽 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉‘𝐽)(,)(𝑉‘(𝐽 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))
Theorem	fourierdlem99 46485*	limit for 𝐹 at the upper bound of an interval for the moved partition 𝑉. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ (𝐶(,)+∞))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ (0..^((♯‘({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})) − 1)))    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (℩𝑔𝑔 Isom < , < ((0...((♯‘({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})) − 1)), ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃ℎ ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (ℎ · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → if(((𝑣 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑣 + ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑣) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))‘(𝑉‘(𝐽 + 1))) = (𝑄‘(((𝑦 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄‘𝑗) ≤ ((𝑢 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑢 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑢))‘((𝑣 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑣 + ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑣) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))‘𝑦))}, ℝ, < ))‘(𝑉‘𝐽)) + 1)), ((𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ↦ 𝐿)‘((𝑦 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄‘𝑗) ≤ ((𝑢 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑢 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑢))‘((𝑣 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑣 + ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑣) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))‘𝑦))}, ℝ, < ))‘(𝑉‘𝐽))), (𝐹‘((𝑣 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑣 + ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑣) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))‘(𝑉‘(𝐽 + 1))))) ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝐽)(,)(𝑉‘(𝐽 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑉‘(𝐽 + 1))))
Theorem	fourierdlem100 46486*	A piecewise continuous function is integrable on any closed interval. This lemma uses local definitions, so that the proof is more readable. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ (𝐶(,)+∞))    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐶 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐷) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ({𝐶, 𝐷} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐻))    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑦 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑦 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑦))    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄‘𝑖) ≤ (𝐽‘(𝐸‘𝑥))}, ℝ, < ))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ↦ (𝐹‘𝑥)) ∈ 𝐿1)
Theorem	fourierdlem101 46487*	Integral by substitution for a piecewise continuous function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑠 ∈ ℝ ↦ if((𝑠 mod (2 · π)) = 0, (((2 · 𝑛) + 1) / (2 · π)), ((sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)) / ((2 · π) · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑡 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐹‘𝑡) · ((𝐷‘𝑁)‘(𝑡 − 𝑋))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:(-π[,]π)⟶ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∫(-π[,]π)((𝐹‘𝑡) · ((𝐷‘𝑁)‘(𝑡 − 𝑋))) d𝑡 = ∫((-π − 𝑋)[,](π − 𝑋))((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) · ((𝐷‘𝑁)‘𝑠)) d𝑠)
Theorem	fourierdlem102 46488*	For a piecewise smooth function, the left and the right limits exist at any point. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (-π(,)π))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((-π(,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺) ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ (dom 𝐺–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ((-π[,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺)) → ((𝐺 ↾ (𝑥(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ((-π(,]π) ∖ dom 𝐺)) → ((𝐺 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑥)) limℂ 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑛)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝‘𝑛) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑛)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((π − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ({-π, π, (𝐸‘𝑋)} ∪ ((-π[,]π) ∖ dom 𝐺))    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   ⊢ 𝑄 = (℩𝑔𝑔 Isom < , < ((0...𝑀), 𝐻))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) limℂ 𝑋) ≠ ∅ ∧ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑋) ≠ ∅))
Theorem	fourierdlem103 46489*	The half lower part of the integral equal to the fourier partial sum, converges to half the left limit of the original function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = (π + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑉 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ran 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → ∃𝑤 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑡 ∈ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))(abs‘(𝐹‘𝑡)) ≤ 𝑤)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℝ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑡 ∈ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))(abs‘((ℝ D 𝐹)‘𝑡)) ≤ 𝑧)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑉‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐻‘𝑠) · (𝐾‘𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ (sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝑈‘𝑠) · (𝑆‘𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝑍 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ ∫(-π(,)0)((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) · ((𝐷‘𝑚)‘𝑠)) d𝑠)    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫(-π(,)0)(𝐺‘𝑠) d𝑠 / π))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ (((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ (((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑠 ∈ ℝ ↦ if((𝑠 mod (2 · π)) = 0, (((2 · 𝑛) + 1) / (2 · π)), ((sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)) / ((2 · π) · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑈 ↾ (-π[,]𝑑))    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = ({-π, 𝑑} ∪ (ran 𝑄 ∩ (-π(,)𝑑)))    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = ((♯‘𝑇) − 1)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝑇))    &   ⊢ 𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉‘𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (℩𝑙 ∈ (0..^𝑀)((𝐽‘𝑘)(,)(𝐽‘(𝑘 + 1))) ⊆ ((𝑄‘𝑙)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑙 + 1))))    &   ⊢ (𝜒 ↔ (((((𝜑 ∧ 𝑒 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ 𝑑 ∈ (-π(,)0)) ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) ∧ (abs‘∫(𝑑(,)0)((𝑈‘𝑠) · (sin‘((𝑘 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠))) d𝑠) < (𝑒 / 2)) ∧ (abs‘∫(-π(,)𝑑)((𝑈‘𝑠) · (sin‘((𝑘 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠))) d𝑠) < (𝑒 / 2)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ⇝ (𝑊 / 2))
Theorem	fourierdlem104 46490*	The half upper part of the integral equal to the fourier partial sum, converges to half the right limit of the original function. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π + 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = (π + 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑉 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ran 𝑉)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → ∃𝑤 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑡 ∈ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))(abs‘(𝐹‘𝑡)) ≤ 𝑤)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℝ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑡 ∈ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))(abs‘((ℝ D 𝐹)‘𝑡)) ≤ 𝑧)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑉‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑉‘𝑖)(,)(𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑉‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 0, (((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) − if(0 < 𝑠, 𝑌, 𝑊)) / 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝐾 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ if(𝑠 = 0, 1, (𝑠 / (2 · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝐻‘𝑠) · (𝐾‘𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ (sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑠 ∈ (-π[,]π) ↦ ((𝑈‘𝑠) · (𝑆‘𝑠)))    &   ⊢ 𝑍 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ ∫(0(,)π)((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) · ((𝐷‘𝑚)‘𝑠)) d𝑠)    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫(0(,)π)(𝐺‘𝑠) d𝑠 / π))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ (((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ (((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑠 ∈ ℝ ↦ if((𝑠 mod (2 · π)) = 0, (((2 · 𝑛) + 1) / (2 · π)), ((sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠)) / ((2 · π) · (sin‘(𝑠 / 2)))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑈 ↾ (𝑑[,]π))    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = ({𝑑, π} ∪ (ran 𝑄 ∩ (𝑑(,)π)))    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = ((♯‘𝑇) − 1)    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝑇))    &   ⊢ 𝑄 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑉‘𝑖) − 𝑋))    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (℩𝑙 ∈ (0..^𝑀)((𝐽‘𝑘)(,)(𝐽‘(𝑘 + 1))) ⊆ ((𝑄‘𝑙)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑙 + 1))))    &   ⊢ (𝜒 ↔ (((((𝜑 ∧ 𝑒 ∈ ℝ+) ∧ 𝑑 ∈ (0(,)π)) ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ℕ) ∧ (abs‘∫(0(,)𝑑)((𝑈‘𝑠) · (sin‘((𝑘 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠))) d𝑠) < (𝑒 / 2)) ∧ (abs‘∫(𝑑(,)π)((𝑈‘𝑠) · (sin‘((𝑘 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑠))) d𝑠) < (𝑒 / 2)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ⇝ (𝑌 / 2))
Theorem	fourierdlem105 46491*	A piecewise continuous function is integrable on any closed interval. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ (𝐶(,)+∞))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ (𝐶[,]𝐷) ↦ (𝐹‘𝑥)) ∈ 𝐿1)
Theorem	fourierdlem106 46492*	For a piecewise smooth function, the left and the right limits exist at any point. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (-π(,)π))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((-π(,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺) ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ (dom 𝐺–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ((-π[,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺)) → ((𝐺 ↾ (𝑥(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ((-π(,]π) ∖ dom 𝐺)) → ((𝐺 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑥)) limℂ 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) limℂ 𝑋) ≠ ∅ ∧ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑋) ≠ ∅))
Theorem	fourierdlem107 46493*	The integral of a piecewise continuous periodic function 𝐹 is unchanged if the domain is shifted by any positive value 𝑋. This lemma generalizes fourierdlem92 46478 where the integral was shifted by the exact period. This lemma uses local definitions, so that the proof is more readable. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ+)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (𝐴 − 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐴) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ({(𝐴 − 𝑋), 𝐴} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ ((𝐴 − 𝑋)[,]𝐴) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐻))    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   ⊢ 𝑍 = (𝑦 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑦 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑦))    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄‘𝑖) ≤ (𝑍‘(𝐸‘𝑥))}, ℝ, < ))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∫((𝐴 − 𝑋)[,](𝐵 − 𝑋))(𝐹‘𝑥) d𝑥 = ∫(𝐴[,]𝐵)(𝐹‘𝑥) d𝑥)
Theorem	fourierdlem108 46494*	The integral of a piecewise continuous periodic function 𝐹 is unchanged if the domain is shifted by any positive value 𝑋. This lemma generalizes fourierdlem92 46478 where the integral was shifted by the exact period. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ+)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∫((𝐴 − 𝑋)[,](𝐵 − 𝑋))(𝐹‘𝑥) d𝑥 = ∫(𝐴[,]𝐵)(𝐹‘𝑥) d𝑥)
Theorem	fourierdlem109 46495*	The integral of a piecewise continuous periodic function 𝐹 is unchanged if the domain is shifted by any value 𝑋. This lemma generalizes fourierdlem92 46478 where the integral was shifted by the exact period. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (𝐴 − 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = (𝐵 − 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ({(𝐴 − 𝑋), (𝐵 − 𝑋)} ∪ {𝑥 ∈ ((𝐴 − 𝑋)[,](𝐵 − 𝑋)) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑥 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), 𝐻))    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((𝐵 − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑦 ∈ (𝐴(,]𝐵) ↦ if(𝑦 = 𝐵, 𝐴, 𝑦))    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ sup({𝑗 ∈ (0..^𝑀) ∣ (𝑄‘𝑗) ≤ (𝐽‘(𝐸‘𝑥))}, ℝ, < ))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∫((𝐴 − 𝑋)[,](𝐵 − 𝑋))(𝐹‘𝑥) d𝑥 = ∫(𝐴[,]𝐵)(𝐹‘𝑥) d𝑥)
Theorem	fourierdlem110 46496*	The integral of a piecewise continuous periodic function 𝐹 is unchanged if the domain is shifted by any value 𝑋. This lemma generalizes fourierdlem92 46478 where the integral was shifted by the exact period. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (𝐵 − 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = 𝐴 ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℂ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∫((𝐴 − 𝑋)[,](𝐵 − 𝑋))(𝐹‘𝑥) d𝑥 = ∫(𝐴[,]𝐵)(𝐹‘𝑥) d𝑥)
Theorem	fourierdlem111 46497*	The fourier partial sum for 𝐹 is the sum of two integrals, with the same integrand involving 𝐹 and the Dirichlet Kernel 𝐷, but on two opposite intervals. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ 𝐴 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹‘𝑡) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑡))) d𝑡 / π))    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹‘𝑡) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑡))) d𝑡 / π))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ (((𝐴‘0) / 2) + Σ𝑛 ∈ (1...𝑚)(((𝐴‘𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵‘𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))))))    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑦 ∈ ℝ ↦ if((𝑦 mod (2 · π)) = 0, (((2 · 𝑛) + 1) / (2 · π)), ((sin‘((𝑛 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑦)) / ((2 · π) · (sin‘(𝑦 / 2)))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ ((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑥)) · ((𝐷‘𝑛)‘𝑥)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑚)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = (-π − 𝑋) ∧ (𝑝‘𝑚) = (π − 𝑋)) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑚)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (𝑖 ∈ (0...𝑀) ↦ ((𝑄‘𝑖) − 𝑋))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑛 ∈ ℕ) → (𝑆‘𝑛) = (∫(-π(,)0)((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) · ((𝐷‘𝑛)‘𝑠)) d𝑠 + ∫(0(,)π)((𝐹‘(𝑋 + 𝑠)) · ((𝐷‘𝑛)‘𝑠)) d𝑠))
Theorem	fourierdlem112 46498*	Here abbreviations (local definitions) are introduced to prove the fourier 46505 theorem. (𝑍‘𝑚) is the mth partial sum of the fourier series. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ (𝑦 ∈ ℝ ↦ if((𝑦 mod (2 · π)) = 0, (((2 · 𝑚) + 1) / (2 · π)), ((sin‘((𝑚 + (1 / 2)) · 𝑦)) / ((2 · π) · (sin‘(𝑦 / 2)))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑛)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝‘𝑛) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑛)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = ((♯‘({(-π + 𝑋), (π + 𝑋)} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ ((-π + 𝑋)[,](π + 𝑋)) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})) − 1)    &   ⊢ 𝑉 = (℩𝑓𝑓 Isom < , < ((0...𝑁), ({(-π + 𝑋), (π + 𝑋)} ∪ {𝑦 ∈ ((-π + 𝑋)[,](π + 𝑋)) ∣ ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ (𝑦 + (𝑘 · 𝑇)) ∈ ran 𝑄})))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ran 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝐶 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → 𝑈 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐸 ∈ (((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼 ∈ (((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹‘𝑥) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹‘𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   ⊢ 𝑍 = (𝑚 ∈ ℕ ↦ (((𝐴‘0) / 2) + Σ𝑛 ∈ (1...𝑚)(((𝐴‘𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵‘𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (((𝐴‘𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵‘𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋)))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑤 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑡 ∈ ℝ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑡)) ≤ 𝑤)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℝ ∀𝑡 ∈ dom (ℝ D 𝐹)(abs‘((ℝ D 𝐹)‘𝑡)) ≤ 𝑧)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (seq1( + , 𝑆) ⇝ (((𝐿 + 𝑅) / 2) − ((𝐴‘0) / 2)) ∧ (((𝐴‘0) / 2) + Σ𝑛 ∈ ℕ (((𝐴‘𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵‘𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))))) = ((𝐿 + 𝑅) / 2)))
Theorem	fourierdlem113 46499*	Fourier series convergence for periodic, piecewise smooth functions. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑛)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝‘𝑛) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑛)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ ℕ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑄 ∈ (𝑃‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) ∈ (((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘𝑖)) ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑀)) → (((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ ((𝑄‘𝑖)(,)(𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1)))) limℂ (𝑄‘(𝑖 + 1))) ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹‘𝑥) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹‘𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (((𝐴‘𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵‘𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋)))))    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((π − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐸‘𝑋) ∈ ran 𝑄)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (seq1( + , 𝑆) ⇝ (((𝐿 + 𝑅) / 2) − ((𝐴‘0) / 2)) ∧ (((𝐴‘0) / 2) + Σ𝑛 ∈ ℕ (((𝐴‘𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵‘𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))))) = ((𝐿 + 𝑅) / 2)))
Theorem	fourierdlem114 46500*	Fourier series convergence for periodic, piecewise smooth functions. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℝ⟶ℝ)    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = (2 · π)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ) → (𝐹‘(𝑥 + 𝑇)) = (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = ((ℝ D 𝐹) ↾ (-π(,)π))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((-π(,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺) ∈ Fin)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ (dom 𝐺–cn→ℂ))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ((-π[,)π) ∖ dom 𝐺)) → ((𝐺 ↾ (𝑥(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ((-π(,]π) ∖ dom 𝐺)) → ((𝐺 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑥)) limℂ 𝑥) ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ℝ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐿 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (-∞(,)𝑋)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 ∈ ((𝐹 ↾ (𝑋(,)+∞)) limℂ 𝑋))    &   ⊢ 𝐴 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹‘𝑥) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (∫(-π(,)π)((𝐹‘𝑥) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑥))) d𝑥 / π))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ (((𝐴‘𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵‘𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋)))))    &   ⊢ 𝑃 = (𝑛 ∈ ℕ ↦ {𝑝 ∈ (ℝ ↑m (0...𝑛)) ∣ (((𝑝‘0) = -π ∧ (𝑝‘𝑛) = π) ∧ ∀𝑖 ∈ (0..^𝑛)(𝑝‘𝑖) < (𝑝‘(𝑖 + 1)))})    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (𝑥 ∈ ℝ ↦ (𝑥 + ((⌊‘((π − 𝑥) / 𝑇)) · 𝑇)))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = ({-π, π, (𝐸‘𝑋)} ∪ ((-π[,]π) ∖ dom 𝐺))    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = ((♯‘𝐻) − 1)    &   ⊢ 𝑄 = (℩𝑔𝑔 Isom < , < ((0...𝑀), 𝐻))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (seq1( + , 𝑆) ⇝ (((𝐿 + 𝑅) / 2) − ((𝐴‘0) / 2)) ∧ (((𝐴‘0) / 2) + Σ𝑛 ∈ ℕ (((𝐴‘𝑛) · (cos‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))) + ((𝐵‘𝑛) · (sin‘(𝑛 · 𝑋))))) = ((𝐿 + 𝑅) / 2)))