P. 83 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 8201-8300   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	mpocurryvald 8201*	The value of a curried operation given in maps-to notation is a function over the second argument of the original operation. (Contributed by AV, 27-Oct-2019.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑌 ↦ 𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑌 𝐶 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (curry 𝐹‘𝐴) = (𝑦 ∈ 𝑌 ↦ ⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌𝐶))
Theorem	fvmpocurryd 8202*	The value of the value of a curried operation given in maps-to notation is the operation value of the original operation. (Contributed by AV, 27-Oct-2019.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑌 ↦ 𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑌 𝐶 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝑊)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝑌)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((curry 𝐹‘𝐴)‘𝐵) = (𝐴𝐹𝐵))
2.4.16  Undefined values
Syntax	cund 8203	Extend class notation with undefined value function.
class Undef
Definition	df-undef 8204	Define the undefined value function, whose value at set 𝑠 is guaranteed not to be a member of 𝑠 (see pwuninel 8206). (Contributed by NM, 15-Sep-2011.)
⊢ Undef = (𝑠 ∈ V ↦ 𝒫 ∪ 𝑠)
Theorem	pwuninel2 8205	Direct proof of pwuninel 8206 avoiding functions and thus several ZF axioms. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 22-Feb-2015.)
⊢ (∪ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → ¬ 𝒫 ∪ 𝐴 ∈ 𝐴)
Theorem	pwuninel 8206	The power set of the union of a set does not belong to the set. This theorem provides a way of constructing a new set that doesn't belong to a given set. See also pwuninel2 8205. (Contributed by NM, 27-Jun-2008.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 23-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ¬ 𝒫 ∪ 𝐴 ∈ 𝐴
Theorem	undefval 8207	Value of the undefined value function. Normally we will not reference the explicit value but will use undefnel 8209 instead. (Contributed by NM, 15-Sep-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (𝑆 ∈ 𝑉 → (Undef‘𝑆) = 𝒫 ∪ 𝑆)
Theorem	undefnel2 8208	The undefined value generated from a set is not a member of the set. (Contributed by NM, 15-Sep-2011.)
⊢ (𝑆 ∈ 𝑉 → ¬ (Undef‘𝑆) ∈ 𝑆)
Theorem	undefnel 8209	The undefined value generated from a set is not a member of the set. (Contributed by NM, 15-Sep-2011.)
⊢ (𝑆 ∈ 𝑉 → (Undef‘𝑆) ∉ 𝑆)
Theorem	undefne0 8210	The undefined value generated from a set is not empty. (Contributed by NM, 3-Sep-2018.)
⊢ (𝑆 ∈ 𝑉 → (Undef‘𝑆) ≠ ∅)
2.4.17  Well-founded recursion
Syntax	cfrecs 8211	Declare the syntax for the well-founded recursion generator. See df-frecs 8212.
class frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐹)
Definition	df-frecs 8212*	This is the definition for the well-founded recursion generator. Similar to df-wrecs 8243 and df-recs 8317, it is a direct definition form of normally recursive relationships. Unlike the former two definitions, it only requires a well-founded set-like relationship for its properties, not a well-ordered relationship. This proof requires either a partial order or the axiom of infinity. We develop the theorems twice, once with a partial order and once without. The second development occurs later in the database, after ax-inf 9574 has been introduced. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 23-Dec-2021.)
⊢ frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐹) = ∪ {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝑦𝐹(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}
Theorem	frecseq123 8213	Equality theorem for the well-founded recursion generator. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 23-Dec-2021.)
⊢ ((𝑅 = 𝑆 ∧ 𝐴 = 𝐵 ∧ 𝐹 = 𝐺) → frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐹) = frecs(𝑆, 𝐵, 𝐺))
Theorem	nffrecs 8214	Bound-variable hypothesis builder for the well-founded recursion generator. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 23-Dec-2021.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝑅    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐹    ⇒   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐹)
Theorem	csbfrecsg 8215	Move class substitution in and out of the well-founded recursive function generator. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Nov-2024.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → ⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌frecs(𝑅, 𝐷, 𝐹) = frecs(⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌𝑅, ⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌𝐷, ⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌𝐹))
Theorem	fpr3g 8216*	Functions defined by well-founded recursion over a partial order are identical up to relation, domain, and characteristic function. This version of frr3g 9692 does not require infinity. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 24-Aug-2022.)
⊢ (((𝑅 Fr 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Po 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Se 𝐴) ∧ (𝐹 Fn 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐹‘𝑦) = (𝑦𝐻(𝐹 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦)))) ∧ (𝐺 Fn 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐺‘𝑦) = (𝑦𝐻(𝐺 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))) → 𝐹 = 𝐺)
Theorem	frrlem1 8217*	Lemma for well-founded recursion. The final item we are interested in is the union of acceptable functions 𝐵. This lemma just changes bound variables for later use. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 21-Apr-2012.)
⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝑦𝐺(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑔 ∣ ∃𝑧(𝑔 Fn 𝑧 ∧ (𝑧 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑤 ∈ 𝑧 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑤) ⊆ 𝑧) ∧ ∀𝑤 ∈ 𝑧 (𝑔‘𝑤) = (𝑤𝐺(𝑔 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑤))))}
Theorem	frrlem2 8218*	Lemma for well-founded recursion. An acceptable function is a function. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 21-Apr-2012.)
⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝑦𝐺(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑔 ∈ 𝐵 → Fun 𝑔)
Theorem	frrlem3 8219*	Lemma for well-founded recursion. An acceptable function's domain is a subset of 𝐴. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 21-Apr-2012.)
⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝑦𝐺(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑔 ∈ 𝐵 → dom 𝑔 ⊆ 𝐴)
Theorem	frrlem4 8220*	Lemma for well-founded recursion. Properties of the restriction of an acceptable function to the domain of another acceptable function. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 21-Apr-2012.)
⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝑦𝐺(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑔 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ ℎ ∈ 𝐵) → ((𝑔 ↾ (dom 𝑔 ∩ dom ℎ)) Fn (dom 𝑔 ∩ dom ℎ) ∧ ∀𝑎 ∈ (dom 𝑔 ∩ dom ℎ)((𝑔 ↾ (dom 𝑔 ∩ dom ℎ))‘𝑎) = (𝑎𝐺((𝑔 ↾ (dom 𝑔 ∩ dom ℎ)) ↾ Pred(𝑅, (dom 𝑔 ∩ dom ℎ), 𝑎)))))
Theorem	frrlem5 8221*	Lemma for well-founded recursion. State the well-founded recursion generator in terms of the acceptable functions. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 27-Aug-2022.)
⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝑦𝐺(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐹 = ∪ 𝐵
Theorem	frrlem6 8222*	Lemma for well-founded recursion. The well-founded recursion generator is a relation. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 27-Aug-2022.)
⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝑦𝐺(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ Rel 𝐹
Theorem	frrlem7 8223*	Lemma for well-founded recursion. The well-founded recursion generator's domain is a subclass of 𝐴. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 27-Aug-2022.)
⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝑦𝐺(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ dom 𝐹 ⊆ 𝐴
Theorem	frrlem8 8224*	Lemma for well-founded recursion. dom 𝐹 is closed under predecessor classes. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 6-Dec-2022.)
⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝑦𝐺(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑧 ∈ dom 𝐹 → Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑧) ⊆ dom 𝐹)
Theorem	frrlem9 8225*	Lemma for well-founded recursion. Show that the well-founded recursive generator produces a function. Hypothesis three will be eliminated using different induction rules depending on if we use partial orders or the axiom of infinity. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 27-Aug-2022.)
⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝑦𝐺(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑔 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ ℎ ∈ 𝐵)) → ((𝑥𝑔𝑢 ∧ 𝑥ℎ𝑣) → 𝑢 = 𝑣))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → Fun 𝐹)
Theorem	frrlem10 8226*	Lemma for well-founded recursion. Under the compatibility hypothesis, compute the value of 𝐹 within its domain. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 6-Dec-2022.)
⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝑦𝐺(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑔 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ ℎ ∈ 𝐵)) → ((𝑥𝑔𝑢 ∧ 𝑥ℎ𝑣) → 𝑢 = 𝑣))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ dom 𝐹) → (𝐹‘𝑦) = (𝑦𝐺(𝐹 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))
Theorem	frrlem11 8227*	Lemma for well-founded recursion. For the next several theorems we will be aiming to prove that dom 𝐹 = 𝐴. To do this, we set up a function 𝐶 that supposedly contains an element of 𝐴 that is not in dom 𝐹 and we show that the element must be in dom 𝐹. Our choice of what to restrict 𝐹 to depends on if we assume partial orders or the axiom of infinity. To begin with, we establish the functionality of 𝐶. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 7-Dec-2022.)
⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝑦𝐺(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑔 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ ℎ ∈ 𝐵)) → ((𝑥𝑔𝑢 ∧ 𝑥ℎ𝑣) → 𝑢 = 𝑣))    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = ((𝐹 ↾ 𝑆) ∪ {⟨𝑧, (𝑧𝐺(𝐹 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑧)))⟩})    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ dom 𝐹)) → 𝐶 Fn ((𝑆 ∩ dom 𝐹) ∪ {𝑧}))
Theorem	frrlem12 8228*	Lemma for well-founded recursion. Next, we calculate the value of 𝐶. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 7-Dec-2022.)
⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝑦𝐺(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑔 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ ℎ ∈ 𝐵)) → ((𝑥𝑔𝑢 ∧ 𝑥ℎ𝑣) → 𝑢 = 𝑣))    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = ((𝐹 ↾ 𝑆) ∪ {⟨𝑧, (𝑧𝐺(𝐹 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑧)))⟩})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Fr 𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐴) → Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑧) ⊆ 𝑆)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐴) → ∀𝑤 ∈ 𝑆 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑤) ⊆ 𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ dom 𝐹) ∧ 𝑤 ∈ ((𝑆 ∩ dom 𝐹) ∪ {𝑧})) → (𝐶‘𝑤) = (𝑤𝐺(𝐶 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑤))))
Theorem	frrlem13 8229*	Lemma for well-founded recursion. Assuming that 𝑆 is a subset of 𝐴 and that 𝑧 is 𝑅-minimal, then 𝐶 is an acceptable function. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 7-Dec-2022.)
⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝑦𝐺(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑔 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ ℎ ∈ 𝐵)) → ((𝑥𝑔𝑢 ∧ 𝑥ℎ𝑣) → 𝑢 = 𝑣))    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = ((𝐹 ↾ 𝑆) ∪ {⟨𝑧, (𝑧𝐺(𝐹 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑧)))⟩})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Fr 𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐴) → Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑧) ⊆ 𝑆)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐴) → ∀𝑤 ∈ 𝑆 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑤) ⊆ 𝑆)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝑆 ⊆ 𝐴)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑧 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ dom 𝐹) ∧ Pred(𝑅, (𝐴 ∖ dom 𝐹), 𝑧) = ∅)) → 𝐶 ∈ 𝐵)
Theorem	frrlem14 8230*	Lemma for well-founded recursion. Finally, we tie all these threads together and show that dom 𝐹 = 𝐴 when given the right 𝑆. Specifically, we prove that there can be no 𝑅-minimal element of (𝐴 ∖ dom 𝐹). (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 7-Dec-2022.)
⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝑦𝐺(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑔 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ ℎ ∈ 𝐵)) → ((𝑥𝑔𝑢 ∧ 𝑥ℎ𝑣) → 𝑢 = 𝑣))    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = ((𝐹 ↾ 𝑆) ∪ {⟨𝑧, (𝑧𝐺(𝐹 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑧)))⟩})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅 Fr 𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐴) → Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑧) ⊆ 𝑆)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐴) → ∀𝑤 ∈ 𝑆 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑤) ⊆ 𝑆)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝑆 ⊆ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝐴 ∖ dom 𝐹) ≠ ∅) → ∃𝑧 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ dom 𝐹)Pred(𝑅, (𝐴 ∖ dom 𝐹), 𝑧) = ∅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → dom 𝐹 = 𝐴)
Theorem	fprlem1 8231*	Lemma for well-founded recursion with a partial order. Two acceptable functions are compatible. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 11-Sep-2023.)
⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝑦𝐺(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑅 Fr 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Po 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Se 𝐴) ∧ (𝑔 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ ℎ ∈ 𝐵)) → ((𝑥𝑔𝑢 ∧ 𝑥ℎ𝑣) → 𝑢 = 𝑣))
Theorem	fprlem2 8232*	Lemma for well-founded recursion with a partial order. Establish a subset relation. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 11-Sep-2023.)
⊢ (((𝑅 Fr 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Po 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Se 𝐴) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐴) → ∀𝑤 ∈ Pred (𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑧)Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑤) ⊆ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑧))
Theorem	fpr2a 8233	Weak version of fpr2 8235 which is useful for proofs that avoid the axiom of replacement. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Nov-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑅 Fr 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Po 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Se 𝐴) ∧ 𝑋 ∈ dom 𝐹) → (𝐹‘𝑋) = (𝑋𝐺(𝐹 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑋))))
Theorem	fpr1 8234	Law of well-founded recursion over a partial order, part one. Establish the functionality and domain of the recursive function generator. Note that by requiring a partial order we can avoid using the axiom of infinity. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 11-Sep-2023.)
⊢ 𝐹 = frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 Fr 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Po 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Se 𝐴) → 𝐹 Fn 𝐴)
Theorem	fpr2 8235	Law of well-founded recursion over a partial order, part two. Now we establish the value of 𝐹 within 𝐴. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 11-Sep-2023.) (Proof shortened by Scott Fenton, 18-Nov-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑅 Fr 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Po 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Se 𝐴) ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝐹‘𝑋) = (𝑋𝐺(𝐹 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑋))))
Theorem	fpr3 8236*	Law of well-founded recursion over a partial order, part three. Finally, we show that 𝐹 is unique. We do this by showing that any function 𝐻 with the same properties we proved of 𝐹 in fpr1 8234 and fpr2 8235 is identical to 𝐹. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 11-Sep-2023.)
⊢ 𝐹 = frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑅 Fr 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Po 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Se 𝐴) ∧ (𝐻 Fn 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐻‘𝑧) = (𝑧𝐺(𝐻 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑧))))) → 𝐹 = 𝐻)
Theorem	frrrel 8237	Show without using the axiom of replacement that the well-founded recursion generator gives a relation. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Nov-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ Rel 𝐹
Theorem	frrdmss 8238	Show without using the axiom of replacement that the domain of the well-founded recursion generator is a subclass of 𝐴. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Nov-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ dom 𝐹 ⊆ 𝐴
Theorem	frrdmcl 8239	Show without using the axiom of replacement that for a "function" defined by well-founded recursion, the predecessor class of an element of its domain is a subclass of its domain. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 21-Apr-2011.) (Proof shortened by Scott Fenton, 17-Nov-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑋 ∈ dom 𝐹 → Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑋) ⊆ dom 𝐹)
Theorem	fprfung 8240	A "function" defined by well-founded recursion is indeed a function when the relation is a partial order. Avoids the axiom of replacement. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Nov-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 Fr 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Po 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Se 𝐴) → Fun 𝐹)
Theorem	fprresex 8241	The restriction of a function defined by well-founded recursion to the predecessor of an element of its domain is a set. Avoids the axiom of replacement. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Nov-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑅 Fr 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Po 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Se 𝐴) ∧ 𝑋 ∈ dom 𝐹) → (𝐹 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑋)) ∈ V)
2.4.18  Well-ordered recursion
Syntax	cwrecs 8242	Declare syntax for the well-ordered recursive function generator.
class wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐹)
Definition	df-wrecs 8243	Define the well-ordered recursive function generator. This function takes the usual expressions from recursion theorems and forms a unified definition. Specifically, given a function 𝐹, a relation 𝑅, and a base set 𝐴, this definition generates a function 𝐺 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐹) that has property that, at any point 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴, (𝐺‘𝑥) = (𝐹‘(𝐺 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑥))). See wfr1 8281, wfr2 8282, and wfr3 8283. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 7-Jun-2018.) (Revised by BJ, 27-Oct-2024.)
⊢ wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐹) = frecs(𝑅, 𝐴, (𝐹 ∘ 2nd ))
Theorem	dfwrecsOLD 8244*	Obsolete definition of the well-ordered recursive function generator as of 18-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 7-Jun-2018.)
⊢ wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐹) = ∪ {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}
Theorem	wrecseq123 8245	General equality theorem for the well-ordered recursive function generator. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 7-Jun-2018.) (Proof shortened by Scott Fenton, 17-Nov-2024.)
⊢ ((𝑅 = 𝑆 ∧ 𝐴 = 𝐵 ∧ 𝐹 = 𝐺) → wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐹) = wrecs(𝑆, 𝐵, 𝐺))
Theorem	wrecseq123OLD 8246	Obsolete proof of wrecseq123 8245 as of 17-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 7-Jun-2018.)
⊢ ((𝑅 = 𝑆 ∧ 𝐴 = 𝐵 ∧ 𝐹 = 𝐺) → wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐹) = wrecs(𝑆, 𝐵, 𝐺))
Theorem	nfwrecs 8247	Bound-variable hypothesis builder for the well-ordered recursive function generator. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 9-Jun-2018.) (Proof shortened by Scott Fenton, 17-Nov-2024.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝑅    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐹    ⇒   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐹)
Theorem	nfwrecsOLD 8248	Obsolete proof of nfwrecs 8247 as of 17-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 9-Jun-2018.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝑅    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐹    ⇒   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐹)
Theorem	wrecseq1 8249	Equality theorem for the well-ordered recursive function generator. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 7-Jun-2018.)
⊢ (𝑅 = 𝑆 → wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐹) = wrecs(𝑆, 𝐴, 𝐹))
Theorem	wrecseq2 8250	Equality theorem for the well-ordered recursive function generator. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 7-Jun-2018.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐹) = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐵, 𝐹))
Theorem	wrecseq3 8251	Equality theorem for the well-ordered recursive function generator. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 7-Jun-2018.)
⊢ (𝐹 = 𝐺 → wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐹) = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺))
Theorem	csbwrecsg 8252	Move class substitution in and out of the well-founded recursive function generator. (Contributed by ML, 25-Oct-2020.) (Revised by Scott Fenton, 18-Nov-2024.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → ⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌wrecs(𝑅, 𝐷, 𝐹) = wrecs(⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌𝑅, ⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌𝐷, ⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌𝐹))
Theorem	wfr3g 8253*	Functions defined by well-ordered recursion are identical up to relation, domain, and characteristic function. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 11-Feb-2011.)
⊢ (((𝑅 We 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Se 𝐴) ∧ (𝐹 Fn 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐹‘𝑦) = (𝐻‘(𝐹 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦)))) ∧ (𝐺 Fn 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐺‘𝑦) = (𝐻‘(𝐺 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))) → 𝐹 = 𝐺)
Theorem	wfrlem1OLD 8254*	Lemma for well-ordered recursion. The final item we are interested in is the union of acceptable functions 𝐵. This lemma just changes bound variables for later use. Obsolete as of 18-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 21-Apr-2011.)
⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑔 ∣ ∃𝑧(𝑔 Fn 𝑧 ∧ (𝑧 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑤 ∈ 𝑧 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑤) ⊆ 𝑧) ∧ ∀𝑤 ∈ 𝑧 (𝑔‘𝑤) = (𝐹‘(𝑔 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑤))))}
Theorem	wfrlem2OLD 8255*	Lemma for well-ordered recursion. An acceptable function is a function. Obsolete as of 18-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 21-Apr-2011.)
⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑔 ∈ 𝐵 → Fun 𝑔)
Theorem	wfrlem3OLD 8256*	Lemma for well-ordered recursion. An acceptable function's domain is a subset of 𝐴. Obsolete as of 18-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 21-Apr-2011.)
⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑔 ∈ 𝐵 → dom 𝑔 ⊆ 𝐴)
Theorem	wfrlem3OLDa 8257*	Lemma for well-ordered recursion. Show membership in the class of acceptable functions. Obsolete as of 18-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 31-Jul-2020.)
⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐺 ∈ 𝐵 ↔ ∃𝑧(𝐺 Fn 𝑧 ∧ (𝑧 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑤 ∈ 𝑧 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑤) ⊆ 𝑧) ∧ ∀𝑤 ∈ 𝑧 (𝐺‘𝑤) = (𝐹‘(𝐺 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑤)))))
Theorem	wfrlem4OLD 8258*	Lemma for well-ordered recursion. Properties of the restriction of an acceptable function to the domain of another one. Obsolete as of 18-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 21-Apr-2011.) (Revised by AV, 18-Jul-2022.)
⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑔 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ ℎ ∈ 𝐵) → ((𝑔 ↾ (dom 𝑔 ∩ dom ℎ)) Fn (dom 𝑔 ∩ dom ℎ) ∧ ∀𝑎 ∈ (dom 𝑔 ∩ dom ℎ)((𝑔 ↾ (dom 𝑔 ∩ dom ℎ))‘𝑎) = (𝐹‘((𝑔 ↾ (dom 𝑔 ∩ dom ℎ)) ↾ Pred(𝑅, (dom 𝑔 ∩ dom ℎ), 𝑎)))))
Theorem	wfrlem5OLD 8259*	Lemma for well-ordered recursion. The values of two acceptable functions agree within their domains. Obsolete as of 18-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 21-Apr-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jun-2015.)
⊢ 𝑅 We 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝑅 Se 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))}    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑔 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ ℎ ∈ 𝐵) → ((𝑥𝑔𝑢 ∧ 𝑥ℎ𝑣) → 𝑢 = 𝑣))
Theorem	wfrrelOLD 8260	Obsolete proof of wfrrel 8275 as of 17-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 8-Jun-2018.)
⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ Rel 𝐹
Theorem	wfrdmssOLD 8261	Obsolete proof of wfrdmss 8276 as of 17-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 21-Apr-2011.)
⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ dom 𝐹 ⊆ 𝐴
Theorem	wfrlem8OLD 8262	Lemma for well-ordered recursion. Compute the prececessor class for an 𝑅 minimal element of (𝐴 ∖ dom 𝐹). Obsolete as of 18-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 21-Apr-2011.)
⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (Pred(𝑅, (𝐴 ∖ dom 𝐹), 𝑋) = ∅ ↔ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑋) = Pred(𝑅, dom 𝐹, 𝑋))
Theorem	wfrdmclOLD 8263	Obsolete proof of wfrdmcl 8277 as of 17-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 21-Apr-2011.)
⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑋 ∈ dom 𝐹 → Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑋) ⊆ dom 𝐹)
Theorem	wfrlem10OLD 8264*	Lemma for well-ordered recursion. When 𝑧 is an 𝑅 minimal element of (𝐴 ∖ dom 𝐹), then its predecessor class is equal to dom 𝐹. Obsolete as of 18-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 21-Apr-2011.)
⊢ 𝑅 We 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑧 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ dom 𝐹) ∧ Pred(𝑅, (𝐴 ∖ dom 𝐹), 𝑧) = ∅) → Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑧) = dom 𝐹)
Theorem	wfrfunOLD 8265	Obsolete proof of wfrfun 8278 as of 17-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 21-Apr-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jun-2015.)
⊢ 𝑅 We 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝑅 Se 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ Fun 𝐹
Theorem	wfrlem12OLD 8266*	Lemma for well-ordered recursion. Here, we compute the value of the recursive definition generator. Obsolete as of 18-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 21-Apr-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jun-2015.)
⊢ 𝑅 We 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝑅 Se 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑦 ∈ dom 𝐹 → (𝐹‘𝑦) = (𝐺‘(𝐹 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))
Theorem	wfrlem13OLD 8267*	Lemma for well-ordered recursion. From here through wfrlem16OLD 8270, we aim to prove that dom 𝐹 = 𝐴. We do this by supposing that there is an element 𝑧 of 𝐴 that is not in dom 𝐹. We then define 𝐶 by extending dom 𝐹 with the appropriate value at 𝑧. We then show that 𝑧 cannot be an 𝑅 minimal element of (𝐴 ∖ dom 𝐹), meaning that (𝐴 ∖ dom 𝐹) must be empty, so dom 𝐹 = 𝐴. Here, we show that 𝐶 is a function extending the domain of 𝐹 by one. Obsolete as of 18-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 21-Apr-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jun-2015.)
⊢ 𝑅 We 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝑅 Se 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝐹 ∪ {⟨𝑧, (𝐺‘(𝐹 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑧)))⟩})    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑧 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ dom 𝐹) → 𝐶 Fn (dom 𝐹 ∪ {𝑧}))
Theorem	wfrlem14OLD 8268*	Lemma for well-ordered recursion. Compute the value of 𝐶. Obsolete as of 18-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 21-Apr-2011.)
⊢ 𝑅 We 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝑅 Se 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝐹 ∪ {⟨𝑧, (𝐺‘(𝐹 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑧)))⟩})    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑧 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ dom 𝐹) → (𝑦 ∈ (dom 𝐹 ∪ {𝑧}) → (𝐶‘𝑦) = (𝐺‘(𝐶 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦)))))
Theorem	wfrlem15OLD 8269*	Lemma for well-ordered recursion. When 𝑧 is 𝑅 minimal, 𝐶 is an acceptable function. This step is where the Axiom of Replacement becomes required. Obsolete as of 18-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 21-Apr-2011.)
⊢ 𝑅 We 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝑅 Se 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝐹 ∪ {⟨𝑧, (𝐺‘(𝐹 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑧)))⟩})    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑧 ∈ (𝐴 ∖ dom 𝐹) ∧ Pred(𝑅, (𝐴 ∖ dom 𝐹), 𝑧) = ∅) → 𝐶 ∈ {𝑓 ∣ ∃𝑥(𝑓 Fn 𝑥 ∧ (𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦) ⊆ 𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝑓‘𝑦) = (𝐺‘(𝑓 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑦))))})
Theorem	wfrlem16OLD 8270*	Lemma for well-ordered recursion. If 𝑧 is 𝑅 minimal in (𝐴 ∖ dom 𝐹), then 𝐶 is acceptable and thus a subset of 𝐹, but dom 𝐶 is bigger than dom 𝐹. Thus, 𝑧 cannot be minimal, so (𝐴 ∖ dom 𝐹) must be empty, and (due to wfrdmssOLD 8261), dom 𝐹 = 𝐴. Obsolete as of 18-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 21-Apr-2011.)
⊢ 𝑅 We 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝑅 Se 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐶 = (𝐹 ∪ {⟨𝑧, (𝐺‘(𝐹 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑧)))⟩})    ⇒   ⊢ dom 𝐹 = 𝐴
Theorem	wfrlem17OLD 8271	Without using ax-rep 5242, show that all restrictions of wrecs are sets. Obsolete as of 18-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 31-Jul-2020.)
⊢ 𝑅 We 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝑅 Se 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑋 ∈ dom 𝐹 → (𝐹 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑋)) ∈ V)
Theorem	wfr2aOLD 8272	Obsolete proof of wfr2a 8280 as of 18-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 30-Jul-2020.)
⊢ 𝑅 We 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝑅 Se 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑋 ∈ dom 𝐹 → (𝐹‘𝑋) = (𝐺‘(𝐹 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑋))))
Theorem	wfr1OLD 8273	Obsolete proof of wfr1 8281 as of 18-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 22-Apr-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jun-2015.)
⊢ 𝑅 We 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝑅 Se 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐹 Fn 𝐴
Theorem	wfr2OLD 8274	Obsolete proof of wfr2 8282 as of 18-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Apr-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jun-2015.)
⊢ 𝑅 We 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝑅 Se 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐴 → (𝐹‘𝑋) = (𝐺‘(𝐹 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑋))))
Theorem	wfrrel 8275	The well-ordered recursion generator generates a relation. Avoids the axiom of replacement. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 8-Jun-2018.) (Proof shortened by Scott Fenton, 17-Nov-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ Rel 𝐹
Theorem	wfrdmss 8276	The domain of the well-ordered recursion generator is a subclass of 𝐴. Avoids the axiom of replacement. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 21-Apr-2011.) (Proof shortened by Scott Fenton, 17-Nov-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ dom 𝐹 ⊆ 𝐴
Theorem	wfrdmcl 8277	The predecessor class of an element of the well-ordered recursion generator's domain is a subset of its domain. Avoids the axiom of replacement. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 21-Apr-2011.) (Proof shortened by Scott Fenton, 17-Nov-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑋 ∈ dom 𝐹 → Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑋) ⊆ dom 𝐹)
Theorem	wfrfun 8278	The "function" generated by the well-ordered recursion generator is indeed a function. Avoids the axiom of replacement. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 21-Apr-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jun-2015.) (Revised by Scott Fenton, 17-Nov-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 We 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Se 𝐴) → Fun 𝐹)
Theorem	wfrresex 8279	Show without using the axiom of replacement that the restriction of the well-ordered recursion generator to a predecessor class is a set. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Nov-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑅 We 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Se 𝐴) ∧ 𝑋 ∈ dom 𝐹) → (𝐹 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑋)) ∈ V)
Theorem	wfr2a 8280	A weak version of wfr2 8282 which is useful for proofs that avoid the Axiom of Replacement. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 30-Jul-2020.) (Proof shortened by Scott Fenton, 18-Nov-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑅 We 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Se 𝐴) ∧ 𝑋 ∈ dom 𝐹) → (𝐹‘𝑋) = (𝐺‘(𝐹 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑋))))
Theorem	wfr1 8281	The Principle of Well-Ordered Recursion, part 1 of 3. We start with an arbitrary function 𝐺. Then, using a base class 𝐴 and a set-like well-ordering 𝑅 of 𝐴, we define a function 𝐹. This function is said to be defined by "well-ordered recursion". The purpose of these three theorems is to demonstrate the properties of 𝐹. We begin by showing that 𝐹 is a function over 𝐴. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 22-Apr-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jun-2015.) (Revised by Scott Fenton, 18-Nov-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑅 We 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Se 𝐴) → 𝐹 Fn 𝐴)
Theorem	wfr2 8282	The Principle of Well-Ordered Recursion, part 2 of 3. Next, we show that the value of 𝐹 at any 𝑋 ∈ 𝐴 is 𝐺 applied to all "previous" values of 𝐹. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Apr-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jun-2015.)
⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑅 We 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Se 𝐴) ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝐹‘𝑋) = (𝐺‘(𝐹 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑋))))
Theorem	wfr3 8283*	The principle of Well-Ordered Recursion, part 3 of 3. Finally, we show that 𝐹 is unique. We do this by showing that any function 𝐻 with the same properties we proved of 𝐹 in wfr1 8281 and wfr2 8282 is identical to 𝐹. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Apr-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jun-2015.) (Revised by Scott Fenton, 18-Nov-2024.)
⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (((𝑅 We 𝐴 ∧ 𝑅 Se 𝐴) ∧ (𝐻 Fn 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐻‘𝑧) = (𝐺‘(𝐻 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑧))))) → 𝐹 = 𝐻)
Theorem	wfr3OLD 8284*	Obsolete form of wfr3 8283 as of 18-Nov-2024. (New usage is discouraged.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 18-Apr-2011.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jun-2015.)
⊢ 𝑅 We 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝑅 Se 𝐴    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = wrecs(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐻 Fn 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐻‘𝑧) = (𝐺‘(𝐻 ↾ Pred(𝑅, 𝐴, 𝑧)))) → 𝐹 = 𝐻)
2.4.19  Functions on ordinals; strictly monotone ordinal functions
Theorem	iunon 8285*	The indexed union of a set of ordinal numbers 𝐵(𝑥) is an ordinal number. (Contributed by NM, 13-Oct-2003.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 5-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 ∈ On) → ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 ∈ On)
Theorem	iinon 8286*	The nonempty indexed intersection of a class of ordinal numbers 𝐵(𝑥) is an ordinal number. (Contributed by NM, 13-Oct-2003.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 5-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 ∈ On ∧ 𝐴 ≠ ∅) → ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝐵 ∈ On)
Theorem	onfununi 8287*	A property of functions on ordinal numbers. Generalization of Theorem Schema 8E of [Enderton] p. 218. (Contributed by Eric Schmidt, 26-May-2009.)
⊢ (Lim 𝑦 → (𝐹‘𝑦) = ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑦 (𝐹‘𝑥))    &   ⊢ ((𝑥 ∈ On ∧ 𝑦 ∈ On ∧ 𝑥 ⊆ 𝑦) → (𝐹‘𝑥) ⊆ (𝐹‘𝑦))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑆 ∈ 𝑇 ∧ 𝑆 ⊆ On ∧ 𝑆 ≠ ∅) → (𝐹‘∪ 𝑆) = ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 (𝐹‘𝑥))
Theorem	onovuni 8288*	A variant of onfununi 8287 for operations. (Contributed by Eric Schmidt, 26-May-2009.) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 11-Sep-2015.)
⊢ (Lim 𝑦 → (𝐴𝐹𝑦) = ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑦 (𝐴𝐹𝑥))    &   ⊢ ((𝑥 ∈ On ∧ 𝑦 ∈ On ∧ 𝑥 ⊆ 𝑦) → (𝐴𝐹𝑥) ⊆ (𝐴𝐹𝑦))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑆 ∈ 𝑇 ∧ 𝑆 ⊆ On ∧ 𝑆 ≠ ∅) → (𝐴𝐹∪ 𝑆) = ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 (𝐴𝐹𝑥))
Theorem	onoviun 8289*	A variant of onovuni 8288 with indexed unions. (Contributed by Eric Schmidt, 26-May-2009.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 5-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (Lim 𝑦 → (𝐴𝐹𝑦) = ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑦 (𝐴𝐹𝑥))    &   ⊢ ((𝑥 ∈ On ∧ 𝑦 ∈ On ∧ 𝑥 ⊆ 𝑦) → (𝐴𝐹𝑥) ⊆ (𝐴𝐹𝑦))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐾 ∈ 𝑇 ∧ ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝐾 𝐿 ∈ On ∧ 𝐾 ≠ ∅) → (𝐴𝐹∪ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐾 𝐿) = ∪ 𝑧 ∈ 𝐾 (𝐴𝐹𝐿))
Theorem	onnseq 8290*	There are no length ω decreasing sequences in the ordinals. See also noinfep 9596 for a stronger version assuming Regularity. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 19-May-2015.)
⊢ ((𝐹‘∅) ∈ On → ∃𝑥 ∈ ω ¬ (𝐹‘suc 𝑥) ∈ (𝐹‘𝑥))
Syntax	wsmo 8291	Introduce the strictly monotone ordinal function. A strictly monotone function is one that is constantly increasing across the ordinals.
wff Smo 𝐴
Definition	df-smo 8292*	Definition of a strictly monotone ordinal function. Definition 7.46 in [TakeutiZaring] p. 50. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 15-Nov-2011.)
⊢ (Smo 𝐴 ↔ (𝐴:dom 𝐴⟶On ∧ Ord dom 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ dom 𝐴∀𝑦 ∈ dom 𝐴(𝑥 ∈ 𝑦 → (𝐴‘𝑥) ∈ (𝐴‘𝑦))))
Theorem	dfsmo2 8293*	Alternate definition of a strictly monotone ordinal function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Mar-2013.)
⊢ (Smo 𝐹 ↔ (𝐹:dom 𝐹⟶On ∧ Ord dom 𝐹 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ dom 𝐹∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝐹‘𝑦) ∈ (𝐹‘𝑥)))
Theorem	issmo 8294*	Conditions for which 𝐴 is a strictly monotone ordinal function. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 15-Nov-2011.) Avoid ax-13 2370. (Revised by Gino Giotto, 19-May-2023.)
⊢ 𝐴:𝐵⟶On    &   ⊢ Ord 𝐵    &   ⊢ ((𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑥 ∈ 𝑦 → (𝐴‘𝑥) ∈ (𝐴‘𝑦)))    &   ⊢ dom 𝐴 = 𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ Smo 𝐴
Theorem	issmo2 8295*	Alternate definition of a strictly monotone ordinal function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Mar-2013.)
⊢ (𝐹:𝐴⟶𝐵 → ((𝐵 ⊆ On ∧ Ord 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑥 (𝐹‘𝑦) ∈ (𝐹‘𝑥)) → Smo 𝐹))
Theorem	smoeq 8296	Equality theorem for strictly monotone functions. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 16-Nov-2011.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → (Smo 𝐴 ↔ Smo 𝐵))
Theorem	smodm 8297	The domain of a strictly monotone function is an ordinal. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 16-Nov-2011.)
⊢ (Smo 𝐴 → Ord dom 𝐴)
Theorem	smores 8298	A strictly monotone function restricted to an ordinal remains strictly monotone. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 16-Nov-2011.) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 5-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((Smo 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ dom 𝐴) → Smo (𝐴 ↾ 𝐵))
Theorem	smores3 8299	A strictly monotone function restricted to an ordinal remains strictly monotone. (Contributed by Andrew Salmon, 19-Nov-2011.)
⊢ ((Smo (𝐴 ↾ 𝐵) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ (dom 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∧ Ord 𝐵) → Smo (𝐴 ↾ 𝐶))
Theorem	smores2 8300	A strictly monotone ordinal function restricted to an ordinal is still monotone. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Mar-2013.)
⊢ ((Smo 𝐹 ∧ Ord 𝐴) → Smo (𝐹 ↾ 𝐴))