P. 346 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 34501-34600   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	eulerpartlemelr 34501*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 8-Aug-2018.)
⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑓 ∈ ((ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∩ 𝑅) ↦ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ((ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∩ 𝑅) → (𝐴:ℕ⟶ℕ0 ∧ (◡𝐴 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin))
Theorem	eulerpartlemsv2 34502*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526. Value of the sum of a finite partition 𝐴 (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 19-Aug-2018.)
⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑓 ∈ ((ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∩ 𝑅) ↦ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ((ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∩ 𝑅) → (𝑆‘𝐴) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (◡𝐴 “ ℕ)((𝐴‘𝑘) · 𝑘))
Theorem	eulerpartlemsf 34503*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 8-Aug-2018.)
⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑓 ∈ ((ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∩ 𝑅) ↦ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘))    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑆:((ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∩ 𝑅)⟶ℕ0
Theorem	eulerpartlems 34504*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 6-Aug-2018.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 1-Sep-2019.)
⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑓 ∈ ((ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∩ 𝑅) ↦ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ((ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∩ 𝑅) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ (ℤ≥‘((𝑆‘𝐴) + 1))) → (𝐴‘𝑡) = 0)
Theorem	eulerpartlemsv3 34505*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526. Value of the sum of a finite partition 𝐴 (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 19-Aug-2018.)
⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑓 ∈ ((ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∩ 𝑅) ↦ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ ((ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∩ 𝑅) → (𝑆‘𝐴) = Σ𝑘 ∈ (1...(𝑆‘𝐴))((𝐴‘𝑘) · 𝑘))
Theorem	eulerpartlemgc 34506*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 9-Aug-2018.)
⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑓 ∈ ((ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∩ 𝑅) ↦ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ ((ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∩ 𝑅) ∧ (𝑡 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑛 ∈ (bits‘(𝐴‘𝑡)))) → ((2↑𝑛) · 𝑡) ≤ (𝑆‘𝐴))
Theorem	eulerpartleme 34507*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑃 ↔ (𝐴:ℕ⟶ℕ0 ∧ (◡𝐴 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝐴‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁))
Theorem	eulerpartlemv 34508*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 19-Aug-2018.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑃 ↔ (𝐴:ℕ⟶ℕ0 ∧ (◡𝐴 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ (◡𝐴 “ ℕ)((𝐴‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁))
Theorem	eulerpartlemo 34509*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526: 𝑂 is the set of odd partitions of 𝑁. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 10-Aug-2017.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑂 ↔ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑃 ∧ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝐴 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛))
Theorem	eulerpartlemd 34510*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526: 𝐷 is the set of distinct part. of 𝑁. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 11-Aug-2017.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐷 ↔ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑃 ∧ (𝐴 “ ℕ) ⊆ {0, 1}))
Theorem	eulerpartlem1 34511*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 27-Aug-2017.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 1-Sep-2019.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑀:𝐻–1-1-onto→(𝒫 (𝐽 × ℕ0) ∩ Fin)
Theorem	eulerpartlemb 34512*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526. The set of all partitions of 𝑁 is finite. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 26-Jan-2015.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑃 ∈ Fin
Theorem	eulerpartlemt0 34513*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 19-Sep-2017.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↔ (𝐴 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∧ (◡𝐴 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ (◡𝐴 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽))
Theorem	eulerpartlemf 34514*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526: Odd partitions are zero for even numbers. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 9-Sep-2017.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ∧ 𝑡 ∈ (ℕ ∖ 𝐽)) → (𝐴‘𝑡) = 0)
Theorem	eulerpartlemt 34515*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 19-Sep-2017.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    ⇒   ⊢ ((ℕ0 ↑m 𝐽) ∩ 𝑅) = ran (𝑚 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↦ (𝑚 ↾ 𝐽))
Theorem	eulerpartgbij 34516*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526: The 𝐺 function is a bijection. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 27-Aug-2017.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 1-Sep-2019.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑜 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↦ ((𝟭‘ℕ)‘(𝐹 “ (𝑀‘(bits ∘ (𝑜 ↾ 𝐽))))))    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐺:(𝑇 ∩ 𝑅)–1-1-onto→(({0, 1} ↑m ℕ) ∩ 𝑅)
Theorem	eulerpartlemgv 34517*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526: value of the function 𝐺. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 13-Nov-2017.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑜 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↦ ((𝟭‘ℕ)‘(𝐹 “ (𝑀‘(bits ∘ (𝑜 ↾ 𝐽))))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) → (𝐺‘𝐴) = ((𝟭‘ℕ)‘(𝐹 “ (𝑀‘(bits ∘ (𝐴 ↾ 𝐽))))))
Theorem	eulerpartlemr 34518*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 13-Nov-2017.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑜 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↦ ((𝟭‘ℕ)‘(𝐹 “ (𝑀‘(bits ∘ (𝑜 ↾ 𝐽))))))    ⇒   ⊢ 𝑂 = ((𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ∩ 𝑃)
Theorem	eulerpartlemmf 34519*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 30-Aug-2018.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 1-Sep-2019.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑜 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↦ ((𝟭‘ℕ)‘(𝐹 “ (𝑀‘(bits ∘ (𝑜 ↾ 𝐽))))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) → (bits ∘ (𝐴 ↾ 𝐽)) ∈ 𝐻)
Theorem	eulerpartlemgvv 34520*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526: value of the function 𝐺 evaluated. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 10-Aug-2018.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑜 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↦ ((𝟭‘ℕ)‘(𝐹 “ (𝑀‘(bits ∘ (𝑜 ↾ 𝐽))))))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ ℕ) → ((𝐺‘𝐴)‘𝐵) = if(∃𝑡 ∈ ℕ ∃𝑛 ∈ (bits‘(𝐴‘𝑡))((2↑𝑛) · 𝑡) = 𝐵, 1, 0))
Theorem	eulerpartlemgu 34521*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526: Rewriting the 𝑈 set for an odd partition Note that interestingly, this proof reuses marypha2lem2 9349. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 10-Aug-2018.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑜 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↦ ((𝟭‘ℕ)‘(𝐹 “ (𝑀‘(bits ∘ (𝑜 ↾ 𝐽))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = ∪ 𝑡 ∈ ((◡𝐴 “ ℕ) ∩ 𝐽)({𝑡} × (bits‘(𝐴‘𝑡)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) → 𝑈 = {⟨𝑡, 𝑛⟩ ∣ (𝑡 ∈ ((◡𝐴 “ ℕ) ∩ 𝐽) ∧ 𝑛 ∈ ((bits ∘ 𝐴)‘𝑡))})
Theorem	eulerpartlemgh 34522*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526: The 𝐹 function is a bijection on the 𝑈 subsets. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 15-Aug-2018.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑜 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↦ ((𝟭‘ℕ)‘(𝐹 “ (𝑀‘(bits ∘ (𝑜 ↾ 𝐽))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = ∪ 𝑡 ∈ ((◡𝐴 “ ℕ) ∩ 𝐽)({𝑡} × (bits‘(𝐴‘𝑡)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) → (𝐹 ↾ 𝑈):𝑈–1-1-onto→{𝑚 ∈ ℕ ∣ ∃𝑡 ∈ ℕ ∃𝑛 ∈ (bits‘(𝐴‘𝑡))((2↑𝑛) · 𝑡) = 𝑚})
Theorem	eulerpartlemgf 34523*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526: Images under 𝐺 have finite support. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 29-Aug-2018.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑜 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↦ ((𝟭‘ℕ)‘(𝐹 “ (𝑀‘(bits ∘ (𝑜 ↾ 𝐽))))))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) → (◡(𝐺‘𝐴) “ ℕ) ∈ Fin)
Theorem	eulerpartlemgs2 34524*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526: The 𝐺 function also preserves partition sums. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 10-Sep-2017.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑜 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↦ ((𝟭‘ℕ)‘(𝐹 “ (𝑀‘(bits ∘ (𝑜 ↾ 𝐽))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑓 ∈ ((ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∩ 𝑅) ↦ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐴 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) → (𝑆‘(𝐺‘𝐴)) = (𝑆‘𝐴))
Theorem	eulerpartlemn 34525*	Lemma for eulerpart 34526. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 30-Aug-2018.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    &   ⊢ 𝐽 = {𝑧 ∈ ℕ ∣ ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑧}    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ0 ↦ ((2↑𝑦) · 𝑥))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = {𝑟 ∈ ((𝒫 ℕ0 ∩ Fin) ↑m 𝐽) ∣ (𝑟 supp ∅) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (𝑟 ∈ 𝐻 ↦ {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐽 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ (𝑟‘𝑥))})    &   ⊢ 𝑅 = {𝑓 ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin}    &   ⊢ 𝑇 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ (◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ⊆ 𝐽}    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (𝑜 ∈ (𝑇 ∩ 𝑅) ↦ ((𝟭‘ℕ)‘(𝐹 “ (𝑀‘(bits ∘ (𝑜 ↾ 𝐽))))))    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (𝑓 ∈ ((ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∩ 𝑅) ↦ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐺 ↾ 𝑂):𝑂–1-1-onto→𝐷
Theorem	eulerpart 34526*	Euler's theorem on partitions, also known as a special case of Glaisher's theorem. Let 𝑃 be the set of all partitions of 𝑁, represented as multisets of positive integers, which is to say functions from ℕ to ℕ0 where the value of the function represents the number of repetitions of an individual element, and the sum of all the elements with repetition equals 𝑁. Then the set 𝑂 of all partitions that only consist of odd numbers and the set 𝐷 of all partitions which have no repeated elements have the same cardinality. This is Metamath 100 proof #45. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 14-Aug-2018.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 1-Sep-2019.)
⊢ 𝑃 = {𝑓 ∈ (ℕ0 ↑m ℕ) ∣ ((◡𝑓 “ ℕ) ∈ Fin ∧ Σ𝑘 ∈ ℕ ((𝑓‘𝑘) · 𝑘) = 𝑁)}    &   ⊢ 𝑂 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ (◡𝑔 “ ℕ) ¬ 2 ∥ 𝑛}    &   ⊢ 𝐷 = {𝑔 ∈ 𝑃 ∣ ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝑔‘𝑛) ≤ 1}    ⇒   ⊢ (♯‘𝑂) = (♯‘𝐷)
21.3.21  Sequences defined by strong recursion
Syntax	csseq 34527	Sequences defined by strong recursion.
class seqstr
Definition	df-sseq 34528*	Define a builder for sequences by strong recursion, i.e., by computing the value of the n-th element of the sequence from all preceding elements and not just the previous one. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Apr-2019.)
⊢ seqstr = (𝑚 ∈ V, 𝑓 ∈ V ↦ (𝑚 ∪ (lastS ∘ seq(♯‘𝑚)((𝑥 ∈ V, 𝑦 ∈ V ↦ (𝑥 ++ ⟨“(𝑓‘𝑥)”⟩)), (ℕ0 × {(𝑚 ++ ⟨“(𝑓‘𝑚)”⟩)})))))
Theorem	subiwrd 34529	Lemma for sseqp1 34539. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℕ0⟶𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 ↾ (0..^𝑁)) ∈ Word 𝑆)
Theorem	subiwrdlen 34530	Length of a subword of an infinite word. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℕ0⟶𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (♯‘(𝐹 ↾ (0..^𝑁))) = 𝑁)
Theorem	iwrdsplit 34531	Lemma for sseqp1 34539. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.) (Proof shortened by AV, 14-Oct-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:ℕ0⟶𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 ↾ (0..^(𝑁 + 1))) = ((𝐹 ↾ (0..^𝑁)) ++ ⟨“(𝐹‘𝑁)”⟩))
Theorem	sseqval 34532*	Value of the strong sequence builder function. The set 𝑊 represents here the words of length greater than or equal to the lenght of the initial sequence 𝑀. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ Word 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (Word 𝑆 ∩ (◡♯ “ (ℤ≥‘(♯‘𝑀))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑊⟶𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑀seqstr𝐹) = (𝑀 ∪ (lastS ∘ seq(♯‘𝑀)((𝑥 ∈ V, 𝑦 ∈ V ↦ (𝑥 ++ ⟨“(𝐹‘𝑥)”⟩)), (ℕ0 × {(𝑀 ++ ⟨“(𝐹‘𝑀)”⟩)})))))
Theorem	sseqfv1 34533	Value of the strong sequence builder function at one of its initial values. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ Word 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (Word 𝑆 ∩ (◡♯ “ (ℤ≥‘(♯‘𝑀))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑊⟶𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ (0..^(♯‘𝑀)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑀seqstr𝐹)‘𝑁) = (𝑀‘𝑁))
Theorem	sseqfn 34534	A strong recursive sequence is a function over the nonnegative integers. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 23-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ Word 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (Word 𝑆 ∩ (◡♯ “ (ℤ≥‘(♯‘𝑀))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑊⟶𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑀seqstr𝐹) Fn ℕ0)
Theorem	sseqmw 34535	Lemma for sseqf 34536 amd sseqp1 34539. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ Word 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (Word 𝑆 ∩ (◡♯ “ (ℤ≥‘(♯‘𝑀))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑊⟶𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ 𝑊)
Theorem	sseqf 34536	A strong recursive sequence is a function over the nonnegative integers. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 23-Apr-2019.) (Proof shortened by AV, 7-Mar-2022.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ Word 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (Word 𝑆 ∩ (◡♯ “ (ℤ≥‘(♯‘𝑀))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑊⟶𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑀seqstr𝐹):ℕ0⟶𝑆)
Theorem	sseqfres 34537	The first elements in the strong recursive sequence are the sequence initializer. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 23-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ Word 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (Word 𝑆 ∩ (◡♯ “ (ℤ≥‘(♯‘𝑀))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑊⟶𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑀seqstr𝐹) ↾ (0..^(♯‘𝑀))) = 𝑀)
Theorem	sseqfv2 34538*	Value of the strong sequence builder function. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ Word 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (Word 𝑆 ∩ (◡♯ “ (ℤ≥‘(♯‘𝑀))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑊⟶𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘(♯‘𝑀)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑀seqstr𝐹)‘𝑁) = (lastS‘(seq(♯‘𝑀)((𝑥 ∈ V, 𝑦 ∈ V ↦ (𝑥 ++ ⟨“(𝐹‘𝑥)”⟩)), (ℕ0 × {(𝑀 ++ ⟨“(𝐹‘𝑀)”⟩)}))‘𝑁)))
Theorem	sseqp1 34539	Value of the strong sequence builder function at a successor. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 24-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ∈ V)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ Word 𝑆)    &   ⊢ 𝑊 = (Word 𝑆 ∩ (◡♯ “ (ℤ≥‘(♯‘𝑀))))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝑊⟶𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ (ℤ≥‘(♯‘𝑀)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝑀seqstr𝐹)‘𝑁) = (𝐹‘((𝑀seqstr𝐹) ↾ (0..^𝑁))))
21.3.22  Fibonacci Numbers
Syntax	cfib 34540	The Fibonacci sequence.
class Fibci
Definition	df-fib 34541	Define the Fibonacci sequence, where that each element is the sum of the two preceding ones, starting from 0 and 1. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ Fibci = (⟨“01”⟩seqstr(𝑤 ∈ (Word ℕ0 ∩ (◡♯ “ (ℤ≥‘2))) ↦ ((𝑤‘((♯‘𝑤) − 2)) + (𝑤‘((♯‘𝑤) − 1)))))
Theorem	fiblem 34542	Lemma for fib0 34543, fib1 34544 and fibp1 34545. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝑤 ∈ (Word ℕ0 ∩ (◡♯ “ (ℤ≥‘2))) ↦ ((𝑤‘((♯‘𝑤) − 2)) + (𝑤‘((♯‘𝑤) − 1)))):(Word ℕ0 ∩ (◡♯ “ (ℤ≥‘(♯‘⟨“01”⟩))))⟶ℕ0
Theorem	fib0 34543	Value of the Fibonacci sequence at index 0. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (Fibci‘0) = 0
Theorem	fib1 34544	Value of the Fibonacci sequence at index 1. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (Fibci‘1) = 1
Theorem	fibp1 34545	Value of the Fibonacci sequence at higher indices. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℕ → (Fibci‘(𝑁 + 1)) = ((Fibci‘(𝑁 − 1)) + (Fibci‘𝑁)))
Theorem	fib2 34546	Value of the Fibonacci sequence at index 2. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (Fibci‘2) = 1
Theorem	fib3 34547	Value of the Fibonacci sequence at index 3. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (Fibci‘3) = 2
Theorem	fib4 34548	Value of the Fibonacci sequence at index 4. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (Fibci‘4) = 3
Theorem	fib5 34549	Value of the Fibonacci sequence at index 5. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (Fibci‘5) = 5
Theorem	fib6 34550	Value of the Fibonacci sequence at index 6. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Apr-2019.)
⊢ (Fibci‘6) = 8
21.3.23  Probability
21.3.23.1  Probability Theory
Syntax	cprb 34551	Extend class notation to include the class of probability measures.
class Prob
Definition	df-prob 34552	Define the class of probability measures as the set of measures with total measure 1. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 14-Sep-2016.)
⊢ Prob = {𝑝 ∈ ∪ ran measures ∣ (𝑝‘∪ dom 𝑝) = 1}
Theorem	elprob 34553	The property of being a probability measure. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 8-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ Prob ↔ (𝑃 ∈ ∪ ran measures ∧ (𝑃‘∪ dom 𝑃) = 1))
Theorem	domprobmeas 34554	A probability measure is a measure on its domain. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 23-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ Prob → 𝑃 ∈ (measures‘dom 𝑃))
Theorem	domprobsiga 34555	The domain of a probability measure is a sigma-algebra. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 23-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ Prob → dom 𝑃 ∈ ∪ ran sigAlgebra)
Theorem	probtot 34556	The probability of the universe set is 1. Second axiom of Kolmogorov. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 8-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ Prob → (𝑃‘∪ dom 𝑃) = 1)
Theorem	prob01 34557	A probability is an element of [ 0 , 1 ]. First axiom of Kolmogorov. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃) → (𝑃‘𝐴) ∈ (0[,]1))
Theorem	probnul 34558	The probability of the empty event set is 0. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ Prob → (𝑃‘∅) = 0)
Theorem	unveldomd 34559	The universe is an element of the domain of the probability, the universe (entire probability space) being ∪ dom 𝑃 in our construction. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 22-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∪ dom 𝑃 ∈ dom 𝑃)
Theorem	unveldom 34560	The universe is an element of the domain of the probability, the universe (entire probability space) being ∪ dom 𝑃 in our construction. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 22-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ Prob → ∪ dom 𝑃 ∈ dom 𝑃)
Theorem	nuleldmp 34561	The empty set is an element of the domain of the probability. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 22-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ Prob → ∅ ∈ dom 𝑃)
Theorem	probcun 34562*	The probability of the union of a countable disjoint set of events is the sum of their probabilities. (Third axiom of Kolmogorov) Here, the Σ construct cannot be used as it can handle infinite indexing set only if they are subsets of ℤ, which is not the case here. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝒫 dom 𝑃 ∧ (𝐴 ≼ ω ∧ Disj 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑥)) → (𝑃‘∪ 𝐴) = Σ*𝑥 ∈ 𝐴(𝑃‘𝑥))
Theorem	probun 34563	The probability of the union two incompatible events is the sum of their probabilities. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ dom 𝑃) → ((𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = ∅ → (𝑃‘(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)) = ((𝑃‘𝐴) + (𝑃‘𝐵))))
Theorem	probdif 34564	The probability of the difference of two event sets. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 12-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ dom 𝑃) → (𝑃‘(𝐴 ∖ 𝐵)) = ((𝑃‘𝐴) − (𝑃‘(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵))))
Theorem	probinc 34565	A probability law is increasing with regard to event set inclusion. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 10-Feb-2017.)
⊢ (((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ dom 𝑃) ∧ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵) → (𝑃‘𝐴) ≤ (𝑃‘𝐵))
Theorem	probdsb 34566	The probability of the complement of a set. That is, the probability that the event 𝐴 does not occur. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 15-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃) → (𝑃‘(∪ dom 𝑃 ∖ 𝐴)) = (1 − (𝑃‘𝐴)))
Theorem	probmeasd 34567	A probability measure is a measure. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 2-Feb-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ ∪ ran measures)
Theorem	probvalrnd 34568	The value of a probability is a real number. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 2-Feb-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑃‘𝐴) ∈ ℝ)
Theorem	probtotrnd 34569	The probability of the universe set is finite. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 2-Feb-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑃‘∪ dom 𝑃) ∈ ℝ)
Theorem	totprobd 34570*	Law of total probability, deduction form. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Dec-2016.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝒫 dom 𝑃)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∪ 𝐵 = ∪ dom 𝑃)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ≼ ω)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → Disj 𝑏 ∈ 𝐵 𝑏)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑃‘𝐴) = Σ*𝑏 ∈ 𝐵(𝑃‘(𝑏 ∩ 𝐴)))
Theorem	totprob 34571*	Law of total probability. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃 ∧ (∪ 𝐵 = ∪ dom 𝑃 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝒫 dom 𝑃 ∧ (𝐵 ≼ ω ∧ Disj 𝑏 ∈ 𝐵 𝑏))) → (𝑃‘𝐴) = Σ*𝑏 ∈ 𝐵(𝑃‘(𝑏 ∩ 𝐴)))
Theorem	probfinmeasb 34572	Build a probability measure from a finite measure. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 31-Jan-2017.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ (measures‘𝑆) ∧ (𝑀‘∪ 𝑆) ∈ ℝ+) → (𝑀 ∘f/c /𝑒 (𝑀‘∪ 𝑆)) ∈ Prob)
Theorem	probfinmeasbALTV 34573*	Alternate version of probfinmeasb 34572. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 17-Dec-2016.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ (measures‘𝑆) ∧ (𝑀‘∪ 𝑆) ∈ ℝ+) → (𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ↦ ((𝑀‘𝑥) /𝑒 (𝑀‘∪ 𝑆))) ∈ Prob)
Theorem	probmeasb 34574*	Build a probability from a measure and a set with finite measure. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Dec-2016.)
⊢ ((𝑀 ∈ (measures‘𝑆) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ (𝑀‘𝐴) ∈ ℝ+) → (𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ↦ ((𝑀‘(𝑥 ∩ 𝐴)) / (𝑀‘𝐴))) ∈ Prob)
21.3.23.2  Conditional Probabilities
Syntax	ccprob 34575	Extends class notation with the conditional probability builder.
class cprob
Definition	df-cndprob 34576*	Define the conditional probability. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 14-Sep-2016.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ cprob = (𝑝 ∈ Prob ↦ (𝑎 ∈ dom 𝑝, 𝑏 ∈ dom 𝑝 ↦ ((𝑝‘(𝑎 ∩ 𝑏)) / (𝑝‘𝑏))))
Theorem	cndprobval 34577	The value of the conditional probability , i.e. the probability for the event 𝐴, given 𝐵, under the probability law 𝑃. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ dom 𝑃) → ((cprob‘𝑃)‘⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩) = ((𝑃‘(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)) / (𝑃‘𝐵)))
Theorem	cndprobin 34578	An identity linking conditional probability and intersection. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 13-Dec-2016.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ dom 𝑃) ∧ (𝑃‘𝐵) ≠ 0) → (((cprob‘𝑃)‘⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩) · (𝑃‘𝐵)) = (𝑃‘(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)))
Theorem	cndprob01 34579	The conditional probability has values in [0, 1]. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 13-Dec-2016.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ dom 𝑃) ∧ (𝑃‘𝐵) ≠ 0) → ((cprob‘𝑃)‘⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩) ∈ (0[,]1))
Theorem	cndprobtot 34580	The conditional probability given a certain event is one. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 20-Dec-2016.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃 ∧ (𝑃‘𝐴) ≠ 0) → ((cprob‘𝑃)‘⟨∪ dom 𝑃, 𝐴⟩) = 1)
Theorem	cndprobnul 34581	The conditional probability given empty event is zero. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 20-Dec-2016.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃 ∧ (𝑃‘𝐴) ≠ 0) → ((cprob‘𝑃)‘⟨∅, 𝐴⟩) = 0)
Theorem	cndprobprob 34582*	The conditional probability defines a probability law. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 23-Dec-2016.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐵 ∈ dom 𝑃 ∧ (𝑃‘𝐵) ≠ 0) → (𝑎 ∈ dom 𝑃 ↦ ((cprob‘𝑃)‘⟨𝑎, 𝐵⟩)) ∈ Prob)
Theorem	bayesth 34583	Bayes Theorem. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 20-Dec-2016.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 21-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝑃 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ dom 𝑃) ∧ (𝑃‘𝐴) ≠ 0 ∧ (𝑃‘𝐵) ≠ 0) → ((cprob‘𝑃)‘⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩) = ((((cprob‘𝑃)‘⟨𝐵, 𝐴⟩) · (𝑃‘𝐴)) / (𝑃‘𝐵)))
21.3.23.3  Real-valued Random Variables
Syntax	crrv 34584	Extend class notation with the class of real-valued random variables.
class rRndVar
Definition	df-rrv 34585	In its generic definition, a random variable is a measurable function from a probability space to a Borel set. Here, we specifically target real-valued random variables, i.e. measurable function from a probability space to the Borel sigma-algebra on the set of real numbers. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 20-Sep-2016.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Jan-2017.)
⊢ rRndVar = (𝑝 ∈ Prob ↦ (dom 𝑝MblFnM𝔅ℝ))
Theorem	rrvmbfm 34586	A real-valued random variable is a measurable function from its sample space to the Borel sigma-algebra. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃) ↔ 𝑋 ∈ (dom 𝑃MblFnM𝔅ℝ)))
Theorem	isrrvv 34587*	Elementhood to the set of real-valued random variables with respect to the probability 𝑃. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃) ↔ (𝑋:∪ dom 𝑃⟶ℝ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝔅ℝ (◡𝑋 “ 𝑦) ∈ dom 𝑃)))
Theorem	rrvvf 34588	A real-valued random variable is a function. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋:∪ dom 𝑃⟶ℝ)
Theorem	rrvfn 34589	A real-valued random variable is a function over the universe. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 Fn ∪ dom 𝑃)
Theorem	rrvdm 34590	The domain of a random variable is the universe. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → dom 𝑋 = ∪ dom 𝑃)
Theorem	rrvrnss 34591	The range of a random variable as a subset of ℝ. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 6-Feb-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ran 𝑋 ⊆ ℝ)
Theorem	rrvf2 34592	A real-valued random variable is a function. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋:dom 𝑋⟶ℝ)
Theorem	rrvdmss 34593	The domain of a random variable. This is useful to shorten proofs. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∪ dom 𝑃 ⊆ dom 𝑋)
Theorem	rrvfinvima 34594*	For a real-value random variable 𝑋, any open interval in ℝ is the image of a measurable set. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 25-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝔅ℝ (◡𝑋 “ 𝑦) ∈ dom 𝑃)
Theorem	0rrv 34595*	The constant function equal to zero is a random variable. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 16-Jan-2017.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 30-Jan-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ ∪ dom 𝑃 ↦ 0) ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))
Theorem	rrvadd 34596	The sum of two random variables is a random variable. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 4-Jun-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 ∘f + 𝑌) ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))
Theorem	rrvmulc 34597	A random variable multiplied by a constant is a random variable. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 17-Jan-2017.) (Revised by Thierry Arnoux, 22-May-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ ℝ)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 ∘f/c · 𝐶) ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))
Theorem	rrvsum 34598	An indexed sum of random variables is a random variable. (Contributed by Thierry Arnoux, 22-May-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ Prob)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋:ℕ⟶(rRndVar‘𝑃))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑆 = (seq1( ∘f + , 𝑋)‘𝑁))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ) → 𝑆 ∈ (rRndVar‘𝑃))
Theorem	boolesineq 34599*	Boole's inequality (union bound). For any finite or countable collection of events, the probability of their union is at most the sum of their probabilities. (Suggested by DeepSeek R1.) (Contributed by Ender Ting, 30-Apr-2025.)
⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ Prob ∧ 𝐴:ℕ⟶dom 𝑃) → (𝑃‘∪ 𝑛 ∈ ℕ (𝐴‘𝑛)) ≤ Σ*𝑛 ∈ ℕ(𝑃‘(𝐴‘𝑛)))
21.3.23.4  Preimage set mapping operator
Syntax	corvc 34600	Extend class notation to include the preimage set mapping operator.
class ∘RV/𝑐𝑅