P. 481 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 48001-48100   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	ralndv1 48001	Example for a theorem about a restricted universal quantification in which the restricting class depends on (actually is) the bound variable: All sets containing themselves contain the universal class. (Contributed by AV, 24-Jun-2023.)
⊢ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑥 V ∈ 𝑥
Theorem	ralndv2 48002	Second example for a theorem about a restricted universal quantification in which the restricting class depends on the bound variable: all subsets of a set are sets. (Contributed by AV, 24-Jun-2023.)
⊢ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝒫 𝑥𝑥 ∈ V
21.50.3.2  Restricted uniqueness and "at most one" quantification
Theorem	reuf1odnf 48003*	There is exactly one element in each of two isomorphic sets. Variant of reuf1od 48004 with no distinct variable condition for 𝜒. (Contributed by AV, 19-Mar-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐶–1-1-onto→𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 = (𝐹‘𝑦)) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑧 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜒    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝜓 ↔ ∃!𝑦 ∈ 𝐶 𝜒))
Theorem	reuf1od 48004*	There is exactly one element in each of two isomorphic sets. (Contributed by AV, 19-Mar-2023.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐶–1-1-onto→𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 = (𝐹‘𝑦)) → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜒))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝜓 ↔ ∃!𝑦 ∈ 𝐶 𝜒))
Theorem	euoreqb 48005*	There is a set which is equal to one of two other sets iff the other sets are equal. (Contributed by AV, 24-Jan-2023.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉) → (∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 (𝑥 = 𝐴 ∨ 𝑥 = 𝐵) ↔ 𝐴 = 𝐵))
21.50.3.3  Analogs to Existential uniqueness (double quantification)
Theorem	2reu3 48006*	Double restricted existential uniqueness, analogous to 2eu3 2680. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 29-Jun-2017.)
⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (∃*𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ∨ ∃*𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑) → ((∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃!𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑 ∧ ∃!𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) ↔ (∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑 ∧ ∃!𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑)))
Theorem	2reu7 48007*	Two equivalent expressions for double restricted existential uniqueness, analogous to 2eu7 2684. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 2-Jul-2017.)
⊢ ((∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑 ∧ ∃!𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑) ↔ ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃!𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ∧ ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑))
Theorem	2reu8 48008*	Two equivalent expressions for double restricted existential uniqueness, analogous to 2eu8 2685. Curiously, we can put ∃! on either of the internal conjuncts but not both. We can also commute ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴∃!𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 using 2reu7 48007. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 2-Jul-2017.)
⊢ (∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃!𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ∧ ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑) ↔ ∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃!𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜑 ∧ ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑))
21.50.3.4  Additional theorems for double restricted existential uniqueness
Theorem	2reu8i 48009*	Implication of a double restricted existential uniqueness in terms of restricted existential quantification and restricted universal quantification, see also 2reu8 48008. The involved wffs depend on the setvar variables as follows: ph(x,y), ta(v,y), ch(x,w), th(v,w), et(x,b), ps(a,b), ze(a,w). (Contributed by AV, 1-Apr-2023.)
⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑣 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑣 → (𝜒 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑤 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑏 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜂))    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑎 → (𝜒 ↔ 𝜁))    &   ⊢ (((𝜒 → 𝑦 = 𝑤) ∧ 𝜁) → 𝑦 = 𝑤)    &   ⊢ ((𝑥 = 𝑎 ∧ 𝑦 = 𝑏) → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ (∃!𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃!𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 𝜑 → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (𝜑 ∧ ∀𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑏 ∈ 𝐵 (𝜂 → (𝑏 = 𝑦 ∧ (𝜓 → 𝑎 = 𝑥)))))
Theorem	2reuimp0 48010*	Implication of a double restricted existential uniqueness in terms of restricted existential quantification and restricted universal quantification. The involved wffs depend on the setvar variables as follows: ph(a,b), th(a,c), ch(d,b), ta(d,c), et(a,e), ps(a,f) (Contributed by AV, 13-Mar-2023.)
⊢ (𝑏 = 𝑐 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑎 = 𝑑 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑎 = 𝑑 → (𝜃 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ (𝑏 = 𝑒 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜂))    &   ⊢ (𝑐 = 𝑓 → (𝜃 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ (∃!𝑎 ∈ 𝑉 ∃!𝑏 ∈ 𝑉 𝜑 → ∃𝑎 ∈ 𝑉 ∀𝑑 ∈ 𝑉 ∀𝑏 ∈ 𝑉 ∃𝑒 ∈ 𝑉 ∀𝑓 ∈ 𝑉 ((𝜂 ∧ ((𝜒 ∧ ∀𝑐 ∈ 𝑉 (𝜏 → 𝑏 = 𝑐)) → 𝑎 = 𝑑)) ∧ (𝜓 → 𝑒 = 𝑓)))
Theorem	2reuimp 48011*	Implication of a double restricted existential uniqueness in terms of restricted existential quantification and restricted universal quantification if the class of the quantified elements is not empty. (Contributed by AV, 13-Mar-2023.)
⊢ (𝑏 = 𝑐 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜃))    &   ⊢ (𝑎 = 𝑑 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜒))    &   ⊢ (𝑎 = 𝑑 → (𝜃 ↔ 𝜏))    &   ⊢ (𝑏 = 𝑒 → (𝜑 ↔ 𝜂))    &   ⊢ (𝑐 = 𝑓 → (𝜃 ↔ 𝜓))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑉 ≠ ∅ ∧ ∃!𝑎 ∈ 𝑉 ∃!𝑏 ∈ 𝑉 𝜑) → ∃𝑎 ∈ 𝑉 ∀𝑑 ∈ 𝑉 ∀𝑏 ∈ 𝑉 ∃𝑒 ∈ 𝑉 ∀𝑓 ∈ 𝑉 ∃𝑐 ∈ 𝑉 ((𝜒 ∧ (𝜏 → 𝑏 = 𝑐)) → (𝜓 → (𝜂 ∧ (𝑎 = 𝑑 ∧ 𝑒 = 𝑓)))))
21.50.4  Alternative definitions of function and operation values The current definition of the value (𝐹‘𝐴) of a function 𝐹 at an argument 𝐴 (see df-fv 6545) assures that this value is always a set, see fex 7229. This is because this definition can be applied to any classes 𝐹 and 𝐴, and evaluates to the empty set when it is not meaningful (as shown by ndmfv 6914 and fvprc 6874). Although it is very convenient for many theorems on functions and their proofs, there are some cases in which from (𝐹‘𝐴) = ∅ alone it cannot be decided/derived whether (𝐹‘𝐴) is meaningful (𝐹 is actually a function which is defined for 𝐴 and really has the function value ∅ at 𝐴) or not. Therefore, additional assumptions are required, such as ∅ ∉ ran 𝐹, ∅ ∈ ran 𝐹 or Fun 𝐹 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝐹 (see, for example, ndmfvrcl 6915). To avoid such an ambiguity, an alternative definition (𝐹'''𝐴) (see df-afv 48016) would be possible which evaluates to the universal class ((𝐹'''𝐴) = V) if it is not meaningful (see afvnfundmuv 48035, ndmafv 48036, afvprc 48040 and nfunsnafv 48038), and which corresponds to the current definition ((𝐹‘𝐴) = (𝐹'''𝐴)) if it is (see afvfundmfveq 48034). That means (𝐹'''𝐴) = V → (𝐹‘𝐴) = ∅ (see afvpcfv0 48042), but (𝐹‘𝐴) = ∅ → (𝐹'''𝐴) = V is not generally valid. In the theory of partial functions, it is a common case that 𝐹 is not defined at 𝐴, which also would result in (𝐹'''𝐴) = V. In this context we say (𝐹'''𝐴) "is not defined" instead of "is not meaningful". With this definition the following intuitive equivalence holds: (𝐹'''𝐴) ∈ V <-> "(𝐹'''𝐴) is meaningful/defined". An interesting question would be if (𝐹‘𝐴) could be replaced by (𝐹'''𝐴) in most of the theorems based on function values. If we look at the (currently 19) proofs using the definition df-fv 6545 of (𝐹‘𝐴), we see that analogues for the following 8 theorems can be proven using the alternative definition: fveq1 6881-> afveq1 48030, fveq2 6882-> afveq2 48031, nffv 6892-> nfafv 48032, csbfv12 6927-> csbafv12g , fvres 6901-> afvres 48068, rlimdm 15642-> rlimdmafv 48073, tz6.12-1 6905-> tz6.12-1-afv 48070, fveu 6871-> afveu 48049. Three theorems proved by directly using df-fv 6545 are within a mathbox (fvsb 45282) or not used (isumclim3 15849, avril1 30951). However, the remaining 8 theorems proved by directly using df-fv 6545 are used more or less often: * fvex 6895: used in about 1750 proofs. * tz6.12-1 6905: root theorem of many theorems which have not a strict analogue, and which are used many times: fvprc 6874 (used in about 127 proofs), tz6.12i 6908 (used - indirectly via fvbr0 6909 and fvrn0 6910- in 18 proofs, and in fvclss 7242 used in fvclex 7960 used in fvresex 7961, which is not used!), dcomex 10453 (used in 4 proofs), ndmfv 6914 (used in 86 proofs) and nfunsn 6921 (used by dffv2 6977 which is not used). * fv2 6877: only used by elfv 6880, which is only used by fv3 6900, which is not used. * dffv3 6878: used by dffv4 6879 (the previous "df-fv"), which now is only used in deprecated (usage discouraged) theorems or within mathboxes (csbfv12gALTVD 45729), by shftval 15151 (itself used in 9 proofs), by dffv5 36509 (mathbox) and by fvco2 6979, which has the analogue afvco2 48072. * fvopab5 7024: used only by ajval 31350 (not used) and by adjval 32379 (used - indirectly - in 9 proofs). * zsum 15808: used (via isum 15809, sum0 15811 and fsumsers 15818) in more than 90 proofs. * isumshft 15932: used in pserdv2 26673 and (via logtayl 26905) 4 other proofs. * ovtpos 8243: used in 14 proofs. As a result of this analysis we can say that the current definition of a function value is crucial for Metamath and cannot be exchanged easily with an alternative definition. While fv2 6877, dffv3 6878, fvopab5 7024, zsum 15808, isumshft 15932 and ovtpos 8243 are not critical or are, hopefully, also valid for the alternative definition, fvex 6895 and tz6.12-1 6905 (and the theorems based on them) are essential for the current definition of function values. With the same arguments, an alternative definition of operation values ((𝐴𝑂𝐵)) could be meaningful to avoid ambiguities, see df-aov 48017. For additional details, see https://groups.google.com/g/metamath/c/cteNUppB6A4 48017.
Syntax	wdfat 48012	Extend the definition of a wff to include the "defined at" predicate. Read: "(the function) 𝐹 is defined at (the argument) 𝐴". In a previous version, the token "def@" was used. However, since the @ is used (informally) as a replacement for $ in commented out sections that may be deleted some day. While there is no violation of any standard to use the @ in a token, it could make the search for such commented-out sections slightly more difficult. (See remark of Norman Megill at https://groups.google.com/g/metamath/c/cteNUppB6A4).
wff 𝐹 defAt 𝐴
Syntax	cafv 48013	Extend the definition of a class to include the value of a function. Read: "the value of 𝐹 at 𝐴 " or "𝐹 of 𝐴". In a previous version, the symbol " ' " was used. However, since the similarity with the symbol ‘ used for the current definition of a function's value (see df-fv 6545), which, by the way, was intended to visualize that in many cases ‘ and " ' " are exchangeable, makes reading the theorems, especially those which use both definitions as dfafv2 48028, very difficult, 3 apostrophes ''' are used now so that it's easier to distinguish from df-fv 6545 and df-ima 5672. And not three backticks ( three times ‘) since that would be annoying to escape in a comment. (See remark of Norman Megill and Gerard Lang at https://groups.google.com/g/metamath/c/cteNUppB6A4 5672).
class (𝐹'''𝐴)
Syntax	caov 48014	Extend class notation to include the value of an operation 𝐹 (such as +) for two arguments 𝐴 and 𝐵. Note that the syntax is simply three class symbols in a row surrounded by a pair of parentheses in contrast to the current definition, see df-ov 7420.
class ((𝐴𝐹𝐵))
Definition	df-dfat 48015	Definition of the predicate that determines if some class 𝐹 is defined as function for an argument 𝐴 or, in other words, if the function value for some class 𝐹 for an argument 𝐴 is defined. We say that 𝐹 is defined at 𝐴 if a 𝐹 is a function restricted to the member 𝐴 of its domain. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ (𝐹 defAt 𝐴 ↔ (𝐴 ∈ dom 𝐹 ∧ Fun (𝐹 ↾ {𝐴})))
Definition	df-afv 48016*	Alternative definition of the value of a function, (𝐹'''𝐴), also known as function application. In contrast to (𝐹‘𝐴) = ∅ (see df-fv 6545 and ndmfv 6914), (𝐹'''𝐴) = V if F is not defined for A! (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.) (Revised by BJ/AV, 25-Aug-2022.)
⊢ (𝐹'''𝐴) = (℩'𝑥𝐴𝐹𝑥)
Definition	df-aov 48017	Define the value of an operation. In contrast to df-ov 7420, the alternative definition for a function value (see df-afv 48016) is used. By this, the value of the operation applied to two arguments is the universal class if the operation is not defined for these two arguments. There are still no restrictions of any kind on what those class expressions may be, although only certain kinds of class expressions - a binary operation 𝐹 and its arguments 𝐴 and 𝐵- will be useful for proving meaningful theorems. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) = (𝐹'''⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩)
21.50.4.1  Restricted quantification (extension)
Theorem	ralbinrald 48018*	Elemination of a restricted universal quantification under certain conditions. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 2-Aug-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐴)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 → 𝑥 = 𝑋)    &   ⊢ (𝑥 = 𝑋 → (𝜓 ↔ 𝜃))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝜓 ↔ 𝜃))
21.50.4.2  The universal class (extension)
Theorem	nvelim 48019	If a class is the universal class it doesn't belong to any class, generalization of nvel 5280. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ (𝐴 = V → ¬ 𝐴 ∈ 𝐵)
21.50.4.3  Introduce the Axiom of Power Sets (extension)
Theorem	alneu 48020	If a statement holds for all sets, there is not a unique set for which the statement holds. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 28-Nov-2017.)
⊢ (∀𝑥𝜑 → ¬ ∃!𝑥𝜑)
Theorem	eu2ndop1stv 48021*	If there is a unique second component in an ordered pair contained in a given set, the first component must be a set. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 29-Nov-2017.)
⊢ (∃!𝑦⟨𝐴, 𝑦⟩ ∈ 𝑉 → 𝐴 ∈ V)
21.50.4.4  Predicate "defined at"
Theorem	dfateq12d 48022	Equality deduction for "defined at". (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 = 𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 defAt 𝐴 ↔ 𝐺 defAt 𝐵))
Theorem	nfdfat 48023	Bound-variable hypothesis builder for "defined at". To prove a deduction version of this theorem is not easily possible because many deduction versions for bound-variable hypothesis builder for constructs the definition of "defined at" is based on are not available (e.g., for Fun/Rel, dom, ⊆, etc.). (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐹    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥 𝐹 defAt 𝐴
Theorem	dfdfat2 48024*	Alternate definition of the predicate "defined at" not using the Fun predicate. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 22-Jul-2017.) (Proof shortened by Peter Mazsa, 2-Oct-2022.)
⊢ (𝐹 defAt 𝐴 ↔ (𝐴 ∈ dom 𝐹 ∧ ∃!𝑦 𝐴𝐹𝑦))
Theorem	fundmdfat 48025	A function is defined at any element of its domain. (Contributed by AV, 2-Sep-2022.)
⊢ ((Fun 𝐹 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝐹) → 𝐹 defAt 𝐴)
Theorem	dfatprc 48026	A function is not defined at a proper class. (Contributed by AV, 1-Sep-2022.)
⊢ (¬ 𝐴 ∈ V → ¬ 𝐹 defAt 𝐴)
Theorem	dfatelrn 48027	The value of a function 𝐹 at a set 𝐴 is in the range of the function 𝐹 if 𝐹 is defined at 𝐴. (Contributed by AV, 1-Sep-2022.)
⊢ (𝐹 defAt 𝐴 → (𝐹‘𝐴) ∈ ran 𝐹)
21.50.4.5  Alternative definition of the value of a function
Theorem	dfafv2 48028	Alternative definition of (𝐹'''𝐴) using (𝐹‘𝐴) directly. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 22-Jul-2017.) (Revised by AV, 25-Aug-2022.)
⊢ (𝐹'''𝐴) = if(𝐹 defAt 𝐴, (𝐹‘𝐴), V)
Theorem	afveq12d 48029	Equality deduction for function value, analogous to fveq12d 6889. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 = 𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹'''𝐴) = (𝐺'''𝐵))
Theorem	afveq1 48030	Equality theorem for function value, analogous to fveq1 6881. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 22-Jul-2017.)
⊢ (𝐹 = 𝐺 → (𝐹'''𝐴) = (𝐺'''𝐴))
Theorem	afveq2 48031	Equality theorem for function value, analogous to fveq1 6881. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 22-Jul-2017.)
⊢ (𝐴 = 𝐵 → (𝐹'''𝐴) = (𝐹'''𝐵))
Theorem	nfafv 48032	Bound-variable hypothesis builder for function value, analogous to nffv 6892. To prove a deduction version of this analogous to nffvd 6894 is not easily possible because a deduction version of nfdfat 48023 cannot be shown easily. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐹    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    ⇒   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥(𝐹'''𝐴)
Theorem	csbafv12g 48033	Move class substitution in and out of a function value, analogous to csbfv12 6927, with a direct proof proposed by Mario Carneiro, analogous to csbov123 7461. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 23-Jul-2017.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 → ⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌(𝐹'''𝐵) = (⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌𝐹'''⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌𝐵))
Theorem	afvfundmfveq 48034	If a class is a function restricted to a member of its domain, then the function value for this member is equal for both definitions. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ (𝐹 defAt 𝐴 → (𝐹'''𝐴) = (𝐹‘𝐴))
Theorem	afvnfundmuv 48035	If a set is not in the domain of a class or the class is not a function restricted to the set, then the function value for this set is the universe. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ (¬ 𝐹 defAt 𝐴 → (𝐹'''𝐴) = V)
Theorem	ndmafv 48036	The value of a class outside its domain is the universe, compare with ndmfv 6914. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ (¬ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝐹 → (𝐹'''𝐴) = V)
Theorem	afvvdm 48037	If the function value of a class for an argument is a set, the argument is contained in the domain of the class. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐹'''𝐴) ∈ 𝐵 → 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝐹)
Theorem	nfunsnafv 48038	If the restriction of a class to a singleton is not a function, its value is the universe, compare with nfunsn 6921. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ (¬ Fun (𝐹 ↾ {𝐴}) → (𝐹'''𝐴) = V)
Theorem	afvvfunressn 48039	If the function value of a class for an argument is a set, the class restricted to the singleton of the argument is a function. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐹'''𝐴) ∈ 𝐵 → Fun (𝐹 ↾ {𝐴}))
Theorem	afvprc 48040	A function's value at a proper class is the universe, compare with fvprc 6874. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ (¬ 𝐴 ∈ V → (𝐹'''𝐴) = V)
Theorem	afvvv 48041	If a function's value at an argument is a set, the argument is also a set. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐹'''𝐴) ∈ 𝐵 → 𝐴 ∈ V)
Theorem	afvpcfv0 48042	If the value of the alternative function at an argument is the universe, the function's value at this argument is the empty set. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐹'''𝐴) = V → (𝐹‘𝐴) = ∅)
Theorem	afvnufveq 48043	The value of the alternative function at a set as argument equals the function's value at this argument. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐹'''𝐴) ≠ V → (𝐹'''𝐴) = (𝐹‘𝐴))
Theorem	afvvfveq 48044	The value of the alternative function at a set as argument equals the function's value at this argument. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐹'''𝐴) ∈ 𝐵 → (𝐹'''𝐴) = (𝐹‘𝐴))
Theorem	afv0fv0 48045	If the value of the alternative function at an argument is the empty set, the function's value at this argument is the empty set. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐹'''𝐴) = ∅ → (𝐹‘𝐴) = ∅)
Theorem	afvfvn0fveq 48046	If the function's value at an argument is not the empty set, it equals the value of the alternative function at this argument. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐹‘𝐴) ≠ ∅ → (𝐹'''𝐴) = (𝐹‘𝐴))
Theorem	afv0nbfvbi 48047	The function's value at an argument is an element of a set if and only if the value of the alternative function at this argument is an element of that set, if the set does not contain the empty set. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ (∅ ∉ 𝐵 → ((𝐹'''𝐴) ∈ 𝐵 ↔ (𝐹‘𝐴) ∈ 𝐵))
Theorem	afvfv0bi 48048	The function's value at an argument is the empty set if and only if the value of the alternative function at this argument is either the empty set or the universe. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐹‘𝐴) = ∅ ↔ ((𝐹'''𝐴) = ∅ ∨ (𝐹'''𝐴) = V))
Theorem	afveu 48049*	The value of a function at a unique point, analogous to fveu 6871. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 29-Nov-2017.)
⊢ (∃!𝑥 𝐴𝐹𝑥 → (𝐹'''𝐴) = ∪ {𝑥 ∣ 𝐴𝐹𝑥})
Theorem	fnbrafvb 48050	Equivalence of function value and binary relation, analogous to fnbrfvb 6932. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐹 Fn 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴) → ((𝐹'''𝐵) = 𝐶 ↔ 𝐵𝐹𝐶))
Theorem	fnopafvb 48051	Equivalence of function value and ordered pair membership, analogous to fnopfvb 6933. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐹 Fn 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴) → ((𝐹'''𝐵) = 𝐶 ↔ ⟨𝐵, 𝐶⟩ ∈ 𝐹))
Theorem	funbrafvb 48052	Equivalence of function value and binary relation, analogous to funbrfvb 6935. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ ((Fun 𝐹 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝐹) → ((𝐹'''𝐴) = 𝐵 ↔ 𝐴𝐹𝐵))
Theorem	funopafvb 48053	Equivalence of function value and ordered pair membership, analogous to funopfvb 6936. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ ((Fun 𝐹 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝐹) → ((𝐹'''𝐴) = 𝐵 ↔ ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ ∈ 𝐹))
Theorem	funbrafv 48054	The second argument of a binary relation on a function is the function's value, analogous to funbrfv 6930. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ (Fun 𝐹 → (𝐴𝐹𝐵 → (𝐹'''𝐴) = 𝐵))
Theorem	funbrafv2b 48055	Function value in terms of a binary relation, analogous to funbrfv2b 6939. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ (Fun 𝐹 → (𝐴𝐹𝐵 ↔ (𝐴 ∈ dom 𝐹 ∧ (𝐹'''𝐴) = 𝐵)))
Theorem	dfafn5a 48056*	Representation of a function in terms of its values, analogous to dffn5 6940 (only one direction of implication!). (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ (𝐹 Fn 𝐴 → 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (𝐹'''𝑥)))
Theorem	dfafn5b 48057*	Representation of a function in terms of its values, analogous to dffn5 6940 (only if it is assumed that the function value for each x is a set). (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ (∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐹'''𝑥) ∈ 𝑉 → (𝐹 Fn 𝐴 ↔ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ↦ (𝐹'''𝑥))))
Theorem	fnrnafv 48058*	The range of a function expressed as a collection of the function's values, analogous to fnrnfv 6941. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ (𝐹 Fn 𝐴 → ran 𝐹 = {𝑦 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑦 = (𝐹'''𝑥)})
Theorem	afvelrnb 48059*	A member of a function's range is a value of the function, analogous to fvelrnb 6942 with the additional requirement that the member must be a set. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐹 Fn 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉) → (𝐵 ∈ ran 𝐹 ↔ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐹'''𝑥) = 𝐵))
Theorem	afvelrnb0 48060*	A member of a function's range is a value of the function, only one direction of implication of fvelrnb 6942. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 1-Jun-2017.)
⊢ (𝐹 Fn 𝐴 → (𝐵 ∈ ran 𝐹 → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐹'''𝑥) = 𝐵))
Theorem	dfaimafn 48061*	Alternate definition of the image of a function, analogous to dfimafn 6944. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ ((Fun 𝐹 ∧ 𝐴 ⊆ dom 𝐹) → (𝐹 “ 𝐴) = {𝑦 ∣ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐹'''𝑥) = 𝑦})
Theorem	dfaimafn2 48062*	Alternate definition of the image of a function as an indexed union of singletons of function values, analogous to dfimafn2 6945. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ ((Fun 𝐹 ∧ 𝐴 ⊆ dom 𝐹) → (𝐹 “ 𝐴) = ∪ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 {(𝐹'''𝑥)})
Theorem	afvelima 48063*	Function value in an image, analogous to fvelima 6947. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ ((Fun 𝐹 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ (𝐹 “ 𝐵)) → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 (𝐹'''𝑥) = 𝐴)
Theorem	afvelrn 48064	A function's value belongs to its range, analogous to fvelrn 7073. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ ((Fun 𝐹 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝐹) → (𝐹'''𝐴) ∈ ran 𝐹)
Theorem	fnafvelrn 48065	A function's value belongs to its range, analogous to fnfvelrn 7077. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐹 Fn 𝐴 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝐹'''𝐵) ∈ ran 𝐹)
Theorem	fafvelcdm 48066	A function's value belongs to its codomain, analogous to ffvelcdm 7078. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐹:𝐴⟶𝐵 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴) → (𝐹'''𝐶) ∈ 𝐵)
Theorem	ffnafv 48067*	A function maps to a class to which all values belong, analogous to ffnfv 7116. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 25-May-2017.)
⊢ (𝐹:𝐴⟶𝐵 ↔ (𝐹 Fn 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐹'''𝑥) ∈ 𝐵))
Theorem	afvres 48068	The value of a restricted function, analogous to fvres 6901. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 22-Jul-2017.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐵 → ((𝐹 ↾ 𝐵)'''𝐴) = (𝐹'''𝐴))
Theorem	tz6.12-afv 48069*	Function value. Theorem 6.12(1) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 27, analogous to tz6.12 6906. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 29-Nov-2017.)
⊢ ((⟨𝐴, 𝑦⟩ ∈ 𝐹 ∧ ∃!𝑦⟨𝐴, 𝑦⟩ ∈ 𝐹) → (𝐹'''𝐴) = 𝑦)
Theorem	tz6.12-1-afv 48070*	Function value (Theorem 6.12(1) of [TakeutiZaring] p. 27, analogous to tz6.12-1 6905. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 29-Nov-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐴𝐹𝑦 ∧ ∃!𝑦 𝐴𝐹𝑦) → (𝐹'''𝐴) = 𝑦)
Theorem	dmfcoafv 48071	Domains of a function composition, analogous to dmfco 6978. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 23-Jul-2017.)
⊢ ((Fun 𝐺 ∧ 𝐴 ∈ dom 𝐺) → (𝐴 ∈ dom (𝐹 ∘ 𝐺) ↔ (𝐺'''𝐴) ∈ dom 𝐹))
Theorem	afvco2 48072	Value of a function composition, analogous to fvco2 6979. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 23-Jul-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐺 Fn 𝐴 ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐴) → ((𝐹 ∘ 𝐺)'''𝑋) = (𝐹'''(𝐺'''𝑋)))
Theorem	rlimdmafv 48073	Two ways to express that a function has a limit, analogous to rlimdm 15642. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 27-Nov-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹:𝐴⟶ℂ)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → sup(𝐴, ℝ*, < ) = +∞)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹 ∈ dom ⇝𝑟 ↔ 𝐹 ⇝𝑟 ( ⇝𝑟 '''𝐹)))
21.50.4.6  Alternative definition of the value of an operation
Theorem	aoveq123d 48074	Equality deduction for operation value, analogous to oveq123d 7438. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 = 𝐺)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 = 𝐷)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ((𝐴𝐹𝐶)) = ((𝐵𝐺𝐷)) )
Theorem	nfaov 48075	Bound-variable hypothesis builder for operation value, analogous to nfov 7447. To prove a deduction version of this analogous to nfovd 7446 is not quickly possible because many deduction versions for bound-variable hypothesis builder for constructs the definition of alternative operation values is based on are not available (see nfafv 48032). (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐴    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐹    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝐵    ⇒   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥 ((𝐴𝐹𝐵))
Theorem	csbaovg 48076	Move class substitution in and out of an operation. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ (𝐴 ∈ 𝐷 → ⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌ ((𝐵𝐹𝐶)) = ((⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌𝐵⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌𝐹⦋𝐴 / 𝑥⦌𝐶)) )
Theorem	aovfundmoveq 48077	If a class is a function restricted to an ordered pair of its domain, then the value of the operation on this pair is equal for both definitions. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ (𝐹 defAt ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ → ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) = (𝐴𝐹𝐵))
Theorem	aovnfundmuv 48078	If an ordered pair is not in the domain of a class or the class is not a function restricted to the ordered pair, then the operation value for this pair is the universal class. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ (¬ 𝐹 defAt ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ → ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) = V)
Theorem	ndmaov 48079	The value of an operation outside its domain, analogous to ndmafv 48036. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ (¬ ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ ∈ dom 𝐹 → ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) = V)
Theorem	ndmaovg 48080	The value of an operation outside its domain, analogous to ndmovg 7601. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ ((dom 𝐹 = (𝑅 × 𝑆) ∧ ¬ (𝐴 ∈ 𝑅 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑆)) → ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) = V)
Theorem	aovvdm 48081	If the operation value of a class for an ordered pair is a set, the ordered pair is contained in the domain of the class. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ ( ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) ∈ 𝐶 → ⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩ ∈ dom 𝐹)
Theorem	nfunsnaov 48082	If the restriction of a class to a singleton is not a function, its operation value is the universal class. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ (¬ Fun (𝐹 ↾ {⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩}) → ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) = V)
Theorem	aovvfunressn 48083	If the operation value of a class for an argument is a set, the class restricted to the singleton of the argument is a function. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ ( ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) ∈ 𝐶 → Fun (𝐹 ↾ {⟨𝐴, 𝐵⟩}))
Theorem	aovprc 48084	The value of an operation when the one of the arguments is a proper class, analogous to ovprc 7455. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ Rel dom 𝐹    ⇒   ⊢ (¬ (𝐴 ∈ V ∧ 𝐵 ∈ V) → ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) = V)
Theorem	aovrcl 48085	Reverse closure for an operation value, analogous to afvvv 48041. In contrast to ovrcl 7458, elementhood of the operation's value in a set is required, not containing an element. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ Rel dom 𝐹    ⇒   ⊢ ( ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) ∈ 𝐶 → (𝐴 ∈ V ∧ 𝐵 ∈ V))
Theorem	aovpcov0 48086	If the alternative value of the operation on an ordered pair is the universal class, the operation's value at this ordered pair is the empty set. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ ( ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) = V → (𝐴𝐹𝐵) = ∅)
Theorem	aovnuoveq 48087	The alternative value of the operation on an ordered pair equals the operation's value at this ordered pair. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ ( ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) ≠ V → ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) = (𝐴𝐹𝐵))
Theorem	aovvoveq 48088	The alternative value of the operation on an ordered pair equals the operation's value on this ordered pair. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ ( ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) ∈ 𝐶 → ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) = (𝐴𝐹𝐵))
Theorem	aov0ov0 48089	If the alternative value of the operation on an ordered pair is the empty set, the operation's value at this ordered pair is the empty set. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ ( ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) = ∅ → (𝐴𝐹𝐵) = ∅)
Theorem	aovovn0oveq 48090	If the operation's value at an argument is not the empty set, it equals the value of the alternative operation at this argument. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐴𝐹𝐵) ≠ ∅ → ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) = (𝐴𝐹𝐵))
Theorem	aov0nbovbi 48091	The operation's value on an ordered pair is an element of a set if and only if the alternative value of the operation on this ordered pair is an element of that set, if the set does not contain the empty set. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ (∅ ∉ 𝐶 → ( ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) ∈ 𝐶 ↔ (𝐴𝐹𝐵) ∈ 𝐶))
Theorem	aovov0bi 48092	The operation's value on an ordered pair is the empty set if and only if the alternative value of the operation on this ordered pair is either the empty set or the universal class. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐴𝐹𝐵) = ∅ ↔ ( ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) = ∅ ∨ ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) = V))
Theorem	rspceaov 48093*	A frequently used special case of rspc2ev 3592 for operation values, analogous to rspceov 7466. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐶 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑆 = ((𝐶𝐹𝐷)) ) → ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∃𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 𝑆 = ((𝑥𝐹𝑦)) )
Theorem	fnotaovb 48094	Equivalence of operation value and ordered triple membership, analogous to fnopfvb 6933. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ ((𝐹 Fn (𝐴 × 𝐵) ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝐷 ∈ 𝐵) → ( ((𝐶𝐹𝐷)) = 𝑅 ↔ ⟨𝐶, 𝐷, 𝑅⟩ ∈ 𝐹))
Theorem	ffnaov 48095*	An operation maps to a class to which all values belong, analogous to ffnov 7543. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ (𝐹:(𝐴 × 𝐵)⟶𝐶 ↔ (𝐹 Fn (𝐴 × 𝐵) ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ((𝑥𝐹𝑦)) ∈ 𝐶))
Theorem	faovcl 48096	Closure law for an operation, analogous to fovcl 7545. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ 𝐹:(𝑅 × 𝑆)⟶𝐶    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑅 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑆) → ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) ∈ 𝐶)
Theorem	aovmpt4g 48097*	Value of a function given by the maps-to notation, analogous to ovmpt4g 7564. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ 𝐹 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ 𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝐶 ∈ 𝑉) → ((𝑥𝐹𝑦)) = 𝐶)
Theorem	aoprssdm 48098*	Domain of closure of an operation. In contrast to oprssdm 7599, no additional property for S (¬ ∅ ∈ 𝑆) is required! (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ ((𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝑆) → ((𝑥𝐹𝑦)) ∈ 𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑆 × 𝑆) ⊆ dom 𝐹
Theorem	ndmaovcl 48099	The "closure" of an operation outside its domain, when the operation's value is a set in contrast to ndmovcl 7603 where it is required that the domain contains the empty set (∅ ∈ 𝑆). (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ dom 𝐹 = (𝑆 × 𝑆)    &   ⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑆) → ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) ∈ 𝑆)    &   ⊢ ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) ∈ V    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) ∈ 𝑆
Theorem	ndmaovrcl 48100	Reverse closure law, in contrast to ndmovrcl 7604 where it is required that the operation's domain doesn't contain the empty set (¬ ∅ ∈ 𝑆), no additional asumption is required. (Contributed by Alexander van der Vekens, 26-May-2017.)
⊢ dom 𝐹 = (𝑆 × 𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ ( ((𝐴𝐹𝐵)) ∈ 𝑆 → (𝐴 ∈ 𝑆 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑆))