P. 501 of Theorem List - Metamath Proof Explorer

Theorem List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 50001-50100   *Has distinct variable group(s)

Type	Label	Description
Statement
Theorem	meetdm3 50001*	The meet of any two elements always exists iff all unordered pairs have GLB (expanded version). (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 25-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐾 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (glb‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ ∧ = (meet‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ ≤ = (le‘𝐾)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (dom ∧ = (𝐵 × 𝐵) ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ∃!𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 ((𝑧 ≤ 𝑥 ∧ 𝑧 ≤ 𝑦) ∧ ∀𝑤 ∈ 𝐵 ((𝑤 ≤ 𝑥 ∧ 𝑤 ≤ 𝑦) → 𝑤 ≤ 𝑧))))
Theorem	posjidm 50002	Poset join is idempotent. latjidm 18597 could be shortened by this. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 27-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ ∨ = (join‘𝐾)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐾 ∈ Poset ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑋 ∨ 𝑋) = 𝑋)
Theorem	posmidm 50003	Poset meet is idempotent. latmidm 18609 could be shortened by this. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 27-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐾)    &   ⊢ ∧ = (meet‘𝐾)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐾 ∈ Poset ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑋 ∧ 𝑋) = 𝑋)
Theorem	resiposbas 50004	Construct a poset (resipos 50005) for any base set. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 20-Oct-2025.)
⊢ 𝐾 = {⟨(Base‘ndx), 𝐵⟩, ⟨(le‘ndx), ( I ↾ 𝐵)⟩}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐾))
Theorem	resipos 50005	A set equipped with an order where no distinct elements are comparable is a poset. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 20-Oct-2025.)
⊢ 𝐾 = {⟨(Base‘ndx), 𝐵⟩, ⟨(le‘ndx), ( I ↾ 𝐵)⟩}    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 → 𝐾 ∈ Poset)
Theorem	exbaspos 50006*	There exists a poset for any base set. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 20-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 → ∃𝑘 ∈ Poset 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑘))
Theorem	exbasprs 50007*	There exists a preordered set for any base set. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 20-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝐵 ∈ 𝑉 → ∃𝑘 ∈ Proset 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑘))
Theorem	basresposfo 50008	The base function restricted to the class of posets maps the class of posets onto the universal class. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 20-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (Base ↾ Poset):Poset–onto→V
Theorem	basresprsfo 50009	The base function restricted to the class of preordered sets maps the class of preordered sets onto the universal class. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 20-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (Base ↾ Proset ): Proset –onto→V
Theorem	posnex 50010	The class of posets is a proper class. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 20-Oct-2025.)
⊢ Poset ∉ V
Theorem	prsnex 50011	The class of preordered sets is a proper class. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 20-Oct-2025.)
⊢ Proset ∉ V
21.51.12.2  Lattices
Theorem	toslat 50012	A toset is a lattice. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 26-Sep-2024.)
⊢ (𝐾 ∈ Toset → 𝐾 ∈ Lat)
Theorem	isclatd 50013*	The predicate "is a complete lattice" (deduction form). (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 29-Sep-2024.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐾))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 = (lub‘𝐾))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 = (glb‘𝐾))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐾 ∈ Poset)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑠 ⊆ 𝐵) → 𝑠 ∈ dom 𝑈)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑠 ⊆ 𝐵) → 𝑠 ∈ dom 𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐾 ∈ CLat)
21.51.12.3  Subset order structures
Theorem	intubeu 50014*	Existential uniqueness of the least upper bound. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 28-Sep-2024.)
⊢ (𝐶 ∈ 𝐵 → ((𝐴 ⊆ 𝐶 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (𝐴 ⊆ 𝑦 → 𝐶 ⊆ 𝑦)) ↔ 𝐶 = ∩ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∣ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝑥}))
Theorem	unilbeu 50015*	Existential uniqueness of the greatest lower bound. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 29-Sep-2024.)
⊢ (𝐶 ∈ 𝐵 → ((𝐶 ⊆ 𝐴 ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑦 ⊆ 𝐴 → 𝑦 ⊆ 𝐶)) ↔ 𝐶 = ∪ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∣ 𝑥 ⊆ 𝐴}))
Theorem	ipolublem 50016*	Lemma for ipolubdm 50017 and ipolub 50018. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 28-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐼 = (toInc‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ⊆ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ ≤ = (le‘𝐼)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐹) → ((∪ 𝑆 ⊆ 𝑋 ∧ ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝐹 (∪ 𝑆 ⊆ 𝑧 → 𝑋 ⊆ 𝑧)) ↔ (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 𝑦 ≤ 𝑋 ∧ ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝐹 (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 𝑦 ≤ 𝑧 → 𝑋 ≤ 𝑧))))
Theorem	ipolubdm 50017*	The domain of the LUB of the inclusion poset. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 28-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐼 = (toInc‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ⊆ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 = (lub‘𝐼))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 = ∩ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐹 ∣ ∪ 𝑆 ⊆ 𝑥})    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑆 ∈ dom 𝑈 ↔ 𝑇 ∈ 𝐹))
Theorem	ipolub 50018*	The LUB of the inclusion poset. (hypotheses "ipolub.s" and "ipolub.t" could be eliminated with 𝑆 ∈ dom 𝑈.) Could be significantly shortened if poslubdg 18547 is in quantified form. mrelatlub 18697 could potentially be shortened using this. See mrelatlubALT 50025. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 28-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐼 = (toInc‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ⊆ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 = (lub‘𝐼))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 = ∩ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐹 ∣ ∪ 𝑆 ⊆ 𝑥})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑈‘𝑆) = 𝑇)
Theorem	ipoglblem 50019*	Lemma for ipoglbdm 50020 and ipoglb 50021. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 29-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐼 = (toInc‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ⊆ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ ≤ = (le‘𝐼)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑋 ∈ 𝐹) → ((𝑋 ⊆ ∩ 𝑆 ∧ ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝐹 (𝑧 ⊆ ∩ 𝑆 → 𝑧 ⊆ 𝑋)) ↔ (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 𝑋 ≤ 𝑦 ∧ ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝐹 (∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 𝑧 ≤ 𝑦 → 𝑧 ≤ 𝑋))))
Theorem	ipoglbdm 50020*	The domain of the GLB of the inclusion poset. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 29-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐼 = (toInc‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ⊆ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 = (glb‘𝐼))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 = ∪ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐹 ∣ 𝑥 ⊆ ∩ 𝑆})    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑆 ∈ dom 𝐺 ↔ 𝑇 ∈ 𝐹))
Theorem	ipoglb 50021*	The GLB of the inclusion poset. (hypotheses "ipolub.s" and "ipoglb.t" could be eliminated with 𝑆 ∈ dom 𝐺.) Could be significantly shortened if posglbdg 18548 is in quantified form. mrelatglb 18695 could potentially be shortened using this. See mrelatglbALT 50026. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 29-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐼 = (toInc‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ⊆ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 = (glb‘𝐼))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 = ∪ {𝑥 ∈ 𝐹 ∣ 𝑥 ⊆ ∩ 𝑆})    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑇 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺‘𝑆) = 𝑇)
Theorem	ipolub0 50022	The LUB of the empty set is the intersection of the base. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 30-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐼 = (toInc‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 = (lub‘𝐼))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∩ 𝐹 ∈ 𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑈‘∅) = ∩ 𝐹)
Theorem	ipolub00 50023	The LUB of the empty set is the empty set if it is contained. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 30-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐼 = (toInc‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑈 = (lub‘𝐼))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∅ ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑈‘∅) = ∅)
Theorem	ipoglb0 50024	The GLB of the empty set is the union of the base. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 30-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐼 = (toInc‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 = (glb‘𝐼))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∪ 𝐹 ∈ 𝐹)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺‘∅) = ∪ 𝐹)
Theorem	mrelatlubALT 50025	Least upper bounds in a Moore space are realized by the closure of the union. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 31-Jan-2015.) (Proof shortened by Zhi Wang, 29-Sep-2024.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐼 = (toInc‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (mrCls‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐿 = (lub‘𝐼)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐶 ∈ (Moore‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑈 ⊆ 𝐶) → (𝐿‘𝑈) = (𝐹‘∪ 𝑈))
Theorem	mrelatglbALT 50026	Greatest lower bounds in a Moore space are realized by intersections. (Contributed by Stefan O'Rear, 31-Jan-2015.) (Proof shortened by Zhi Wang, 29-Sep-2024.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐼 = (toInc‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (glb‘𝐼)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝐶 ∈ (Moore‘𝑋) ∧ 𝑈 ⊆ 𝐶 ∧ 𝑈 ≠ ∅) → (𝐺‘𝑈) = ∩ 𝑈)
Theorem	mreclat 50027	A Moore space is a complete lattice under inclusion. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 30-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐼 = (toInc‘𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐶 ∈ (Moore‘𝑋) → 𝐼 ∈ CLat)
Theorem	topclat 50028	A topology is a complete lattice under inclusion. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 30-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐼 = (toInc‘𝐽)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐽 ∈ Top → 𝐼 ∈ CLat)
Theorem	toplatglb0 50029	The empty intersection in a topology is realized by the base set. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 30-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐼 = (toInc‘𝐽)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ Top)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (glb‘𝐼)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺‘∅) = ∪ 𝐽)
Theorem	toplatlub 50030	Least upper bounds in a topology are realized by unions. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 30-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐼 = (toInc‘𝐽)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ Top)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ⊆ 𝐽)    &   ⊢ 𝑈 = (lub‘𝐼)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑈‘𝑆) = ∪ 𝑆)
Theorem	toplatglb 50031	Greatest lower bounds in a topology are realized by the interior of the intersection. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 30-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐼 = (toInc‘𝐽)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ Top)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ⊆ 𝐽)    &   ⊢ 𝐺 = (glb‘𝐼)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ≠ ∅)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺‘𝑆) = ((int‘𝐽)‘∩ 𝑆))
Theorem	toplatjoin 50032	Joins in a topology are realized by unions. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 30-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐼 = (toInc‘𝐽)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ Top)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐽)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐽)    &   ⊢ ∨ = (join‘𝐼)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 ∨ 𝐵) = (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵))
Theorem	toplatmeet 50033	Meets in a topology are realized by intersections. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 30-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐼 = (toInc‘𝐽)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ Top)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ∈ 𝐽)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 ∈ 𝐽)    &   ⊢ ∧ = (meet‘𝐼)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴 ∧ 𝐵) = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵))
Theorem	topdlat 50034	A topology is a distributive lattice under inclusion. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 30-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐼 = (toInc‘𝐽)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐽 ∈ Top → 𝐼 ∈ DLat)
21.51.13  Rings
21.51.13.1  Multiplicative Group
Theorem	elmgpcntrd 50035*	The center of a ring. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 11-Sep-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (mulGrp‘𝑅)    &   ⊢ 𝑍 = (Cntr‘𝑀)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵) → (𝑋(.r‘𝑅)𝑦) = (𝑦(.r‘𝑅)𝑋))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝑍)
21.51.14  Associative algebras
21.51.14.1  Definition and basic properties
Theorem	asclelbasALT 50036	Alternate proof of asclelbas 22152. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 11-Sep-2025.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ 𝐴 = (algSc‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ AssAlg)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴‘𝐶) ∈ (Base‘𝑊))
Theorem	asclcntr 50037	The algebra scalar lifting function maps into the center of the algebra. Equivalently, a lifted scalar is a center of the algebra. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 11-Sep-2025.)
⊢ 𝐴 = (algSc‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ AssAlg)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (mulGrp‘𝑊)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴‘𝐶) ∈ (Cntr‘𝑀))
Theorem	asclcom 50038	Scalars are commutative after being lifted. However, the scalars themselves are not necessarily commutative if the algebra is not a faithful module. For example, Let 𝐹 be the 2 by 2 upper triangular matrix algebra over a commutative ring 𝑊. It is provable that 𝐹 is in general non-commutative. Define scalar multiplication 𝐶 · 𝑋 as multipying the top-left entry, which is a "vector" element of 𝑊, of the "scalar" 𝐶, which is now an upper triangular matrix, with the "vector" 𝑋 ∈ (Base‘𝑊). Equivalently, the algebra scalar lifting function is not necessarily injective unless the algebra is faithful. Therefore, all "scalar injection" was renamed. Alternate proof involves assa2ass 22132, assa2ass2 22133, and asclval 22148, by setting 𝑋 and 𝑌 the multiplicative identity of the algebra. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 11-Sep-2025.)
⊢ 𝐴 = (algSc‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐹 = (Scalar‘𝑊)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑊 ∈ AssAlg)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ ∗ = (.r‘𝐹)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐷 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐴‘(𝐶 ∗ 𝐷)) = (𝐴‘(𝐷 ∗ 𝐶)))
21.51.15  Categories
21.51.15.1  Categories
Theorem	homf0 50039	The base is empty iff the functionalized Hom-set operation is empty. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 23-Oct-2025.)
⊢ ((Base‘𝐶) = ∅ ↔ (Homf ‘𝐶) = ∅)
Theorem	catprslem 50040*	Lemma for catprs 50041. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 18-Sep-2024.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑥 ≤ 𝑦 ↔ (𝑥𝐻𝑦) ≠ ∅))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 ≤ 𝑌 ↔ (𝑋𝐻𝑌) ≠ ∅))
Theorem	catprs 50041*	A preorder can be extracted from a category. See catprs2 50042 for more details. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 18-Sep-2024.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑥 ≤ 𝑦 ↔ (𝑥𝐻𝑦) ≠ ∅))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 = (Hom ‘𝐶))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ Cat)    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑍 ∈ 𝐵)) → (𝑋 ≤ 𝑋 ∧ ((𝑋 ≤ 𝑌 ∧ 𝑌 ≤ 𝑍) → 𝑋 ≤ 𝑍)))
Theorem	catprs2 50042*	A category equipped with the induced preorder, where an object 𝑥 is defined to be "less than or equal to" 𝑦 iff there is a morphism from 𝑥 to 𝑦, is a preordered set, or a proset. The category might not be thin. See catprsc 50043 and catprsc2 50044 for constructions satisfying the hypothesis "catprs.1". See catprs 50041 for a more primitive version. See prsthinc 50494 for constructing a thin category from a proset. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 18-Sep-2024.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑥 ≤ 𝑦 ↔ (𝑥𝐻𝑦) ≠ ∅))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 = (Hom ‘𝐶))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ Cat)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → ≤ = (le‘𝐶))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ Proset )
Theorem	catprsc 50043*	A construction of the preorder induced by a category. See catprs2 50042 for details. See also catprsc2 50044 for an alternate construction. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 18-Sep-2024.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ≤ = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ (𝑥𝐻𝑦) ≠ ∅)})    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑤 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑧 ≤ 𝑤 ↔ (𝑧𝐻𝑤) ≠ ∅))
Theorem	catprsc2 50044*	An alternate construction of the preorder induced by a category. See catprs2 50042 for details. See also catprsc 50043 for a different construction. The two constructions are different because df-cat 17803 does not require the domain of 𝐻 to be 𝐵 × 𝐵. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 23-Sep-2024.)
⊢ (𝜑 → ≤ = {⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ ∣ (𝑥𝐻𝑦) ≠ ∅})    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝐵 ∀𝑤 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑧 ≤ 𝑤 ↔ (𝑧𝐻𝑤) ≠ ∅))
Theorem	endmndlem 50045	A diagonal hom-set in a category equipped with the restriction of the composition has a structure of monoid. See also df-mndtc 50608 for converting a monoid to a category. Lemma for bj-endmnd 38159. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 25-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (Hom ‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ · = (comp‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ Cat)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋𝐻𝑋) = (Base‘𝑀))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (⟨𝑋, 𝑋⟩ · 𝑋) = (+g‘𝑀))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑀 ∈ Mnd)
21.51.15.2  Opposite category
Theorem	oppccatb 50046	An opposite category is a category. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 23-Oct-2025.)
⊢ 𝑂 = (oppCat‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ 𝑉)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐶 ∈ Cat ↔ 𝑂 ∈ Cat))
Theorem	oppcmndclem 50047	Lemma for oppcmndc 50049. Everything is true for two distinct elements in a singleton or an empty set (since it is impossible). Note that if this theorem and oppcendc 50048 are in ¬ 𝑥 = 𝑦 form, then both proofs should be one step shorter. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 16-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 = {𝐴})    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵)) → (𝑋 ≠ 𝑌 → 𝜓))
Theorem	oppcendc 50048*	The opposite category of a category whose morphisms are all endomorphisms has the same base and hom-sets as the original category. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 16-Oct-2025.)
⊢ 𝑂 = (oppCat‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (Hom ‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵)) → (𝑥 ≠ 𝑦 → (𝑥𝐻𝑦) = ∅))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (Homf ‘𝐶) = (Homf ‘𝑂))
Theorem	oppcmndc 50049	The opposite category of a category whose base set is a singleton or an empty set has the same base and hom-sets as the original category. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 16-Oct-2025.)
⊢ 𝑂 = (oppCat‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐵 = {𝑋})    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (Homf ‘𝐶) = (Homf ‘𝑂))
21.51.15.3  Monomorphisms and epimorphisms
Theorem	idmon 50050	An identity arrow, or an identity morphism, is a monomorphism. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 21-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (Hom ‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 1 = (Id‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ Cat)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝑀 = (Mono‘𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ( 1 ‘𝑋) ∈ (𝑋𝑀𝑋))
Theorem	idepi 50051	An identity arrow, or an identity morphism, is an epimorphism. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 21-Sep-2024.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (Hom ‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 1 = (Id‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ Cat)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ 𝐸 = (Epi‘𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ( 1 ‘𝑋) ∈ (𝑋𝐸𝑋))
21.51.15.4  Sections, inverses, isomorphisms
Theorem	sectrcl 50052	Reverse closure for section relations. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 14-Nov-2025.)
⊢ 𝑆 = (Sect‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹(𝑋𝑆𝑌)𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ Cat)
Theorem	sectrcl2 50053	Reverse closure for section relations. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 14-Nov-2025.)
⊢ 𝑆 = (Sect‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹(𝑋𝑆𝑌)𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵))
Theorem	invrcl 50054	Reverse closure for inverse relations. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 14-Nov-2025.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (Inv‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹(𝑋𝑁𝑌)𝐺)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ Cat)
Theorem	invrcl2 50055	Reverse closure for inverse relations. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 14-Nov-2025.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (Inv‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹(𝑋𝑁𝑌)𝐺)    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵))
Theorem	isinv2 50056	The property "𝐹 is an inverse of 𝐺". (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 14-Nov-2025.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (Inv‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝑆 = (Sect‘𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝐹(𝑋𝑁𝑌)𝐺 ↔ (𝐹(𝑋𝑆𝑌)𝐺 ∧ 𝐺(𝑌𝑆𝑋)𝐹))
Theorem	isisod 50057	The predicate "is an isomorphism" (deduction form). (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 16-Sep-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (Hom ‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ · = (comp‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (Iso‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 1 = (Id‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ Cat)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝑋𝐻𝑌))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ (𝑌𝐻𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐺(⟨𝑋, 𝑌⟩ · 𝑋)𝐹) = ( 1 ‘𝑋))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐹(⟨𝑌, 𝑋⟩ · 𝑌)𝐺) = ( 1 ‘𝑌))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝑋𝐼𝑌))
Theorem	upeu2lem 50058*	Lemma for upeu2 50202. There exists a unique morphism from 𝑌 to 𝑍 that commutes if 𝐹:𝑋⟶𝑌 is an isomorphism. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 20-Sep-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (Hom ‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ · = (comp‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (Iso‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ Cat)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑍 ∈ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝑋𝐼𝑌))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐺 ∈ (𝑋𝐻𝑍))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ∃!𝑘 ∈ (𝑌𝐻𝑍)𝐺 = (𝑘(⟨𝑋, 𝑌⟩ · 𝑍)𝐹))
Theorem	sectfn 50059	The function value of the function returning the sections of a category is a function over the Cartesian square of the base set of the category. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 27-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝐶 ∈ Cat → (Sect‘𝐶) Fn ((Base‘𝐶) × (Base‘𝐶)))
Theorem	invfn 50060	The function value of the function returning the inverses of a category is a function over the Cartesian square of the base set of the category. Simplifies isofn 17911 (see isofnALT 50061). (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 27-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝐶 ∈ Cat → (Inv‘𝐶) Fn ((Base‘𝐶) × (Base‘𝐶)))
Theorem	isofnALT 50061	The function value of the function returning the isomorphisms of a category is a function over the Cartesian square of the base set of the category. (Contributed by AV, 5-Apr-2020.) (Proof shortened by Zhi Wang, 3-Nov-2025.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ (𝐶 ∈ Cat → (Iso‘𝐶) Fn ((Base‘𝐶) × (Base‘𝐶)))
Theorem	isofval2 50062*	Function value of the function returning the isomorphisms of a category. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 27-Oct-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝑁 = (Inv‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ Cat)    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (Iso‘𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐼 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝐵, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 ↦ dom (𝑥𝑁𝑦)))
Theorem	isorcl 50063	Reverse closure for isomorphism relations. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 17-Nov-2025.)
⊢ 𝐼 = (Iso‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝑋𝐼𝑌))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ Cat)
Theorem	isorcl2 50064	Reverse closure for isomorphism relations. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 17-Nov-2025.)
⊢ 𝐼 = (Iso‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐹 ∈ (𝑋𝐼𝑌))    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 𝑌 ∈ 𝐵))
Theorem	isoval2 50065	The isomorphisms are the domain of the inverse relation. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 17-Nov-2025.)
⊢ 𝑁 = (Inv‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (Iso‘𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑋𝐼𝑌) = dom (𝑋𝑁𝑌)
Theorem	sectpropdlem 50066	Lemma for sectpropd 50067. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 27-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (Homf ‘𝐶) = (Homf ‘𝐷))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (compf‘𝐶) = (compf‘𝐷))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑃 ∈ (Sect‘𝐶)) → 𝑃 ∈ (Sect‘𝐷))
Theorem	sectpropd 50067	Two structures with the same base, hom-sets and composition operation have the same sections. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 27-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (Homf ‘𝐶) = (Homf ‘𝐷))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (compf‘𝐶) = (compf‘𝐷))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (Sect‘𝐶) = (Sect‘𝐷))
Theorem	invpropdlem 50068	Lemma for invpropd 50069. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 27-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (Homf ‘𝐶) = (Homf ‘𝐷))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (compf‘𝐶) = (compf‘𝐷))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑃 ∈ (Inv‘𝐶)) → 𝑃 ∈ (Inv‘𝐷))
Theorem	invpropd 50069	Two structures with the same base, hom-sets and composition operation have the same inverses. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 27-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (Homf ‘𝐶) = (Homf ‘𝐷))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (compf‘𝐶) = (compf‘𝐷))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (Inv‘𝐶) = (Inv‘𝐷))
Theorem	isopropdlem 50070	Lemma for isopropd 50071. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 27-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (Homf ‘𝐶) = (Homf ‘𝐷))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (compf‘𝐶) = (compf‘𝐷))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑃 ∈ (Iso‘𝐶)) → 𝑃 ∈ (Iso‘𝐷))
Theorem	isopropd 50071	Two structures with the same base, hom-sets and composition operation have the same isomorphisms. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 27-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (Homf ‘𝐶) = (Homf ‘𝐷))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (compf‘𝐶) = (compf‘𝐷))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (Iso‘𝐶) = (Iso‘𝐷))
21.51.15.5  Isomorphic objects
Theorem	cicfn 50072	≃𝑐 is a function on Cat. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 26-Oct-2025.)
⊢ ≃𝑐 Fn Cat
Theorem	cicrcl2 50073	Isomorphism implies the structure being a category. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 26-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝑅( ≃𝑐 ‘𝐶)𝑆 → 𝐶 ∈ Cat)
Theorem	oppccic 50074	Isomorphic objects are isomorphic in the opposite category. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 26-Oct-2025.)
⊢ 𝑂 = (oppCat‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅( ≃𝑐 ‘𝐶)𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑅( ≃𝑐 ‘𝑂)𝑆)
Theorem	relcic 50075	The set of isomorphic objects is a relation. Simplifies cicer 17942 (see cicerALT 50076). (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 27-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝐶 ∈ Cat → Rel ( ≃𝑐 ‘𝐶))
Theorem	cicerALT 50076	Isomorphism is an equivalence relation on objects of a category. Remark 3.16 in [Adamek] p. 29. (Contributed by AV, 5-Apr-2020.) (Proof shortened by Zhi Wang, 3-Nov-2025.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
⊢ (𝐶 ∈ Cat → ( ≃𝑐 ‘𝐶) Er (Base‘𝐶))
Theorem	cic1st2nd 50077	Reconstruction of a pair of isomorphic objects in terms of its ordered pair components. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 27-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ( ≃𝑐 ‘𝐶) → 𝑃 = ⟨(1st ‘𝑃), (2nd ‘𝑃)⟩)
Theorem	cic1st2ndbr 50078	Rewrite the predicate of isomorphic objects with separated parts. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 27-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ( ≃𝑐 ‘𝐶) → (1st ‘𝑃)( ≃𝑐 ‘𝐶)(2nd ‘𝑃))
Theorem	cicpropdlem 50079	Lemma for cicpropd 50080. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 27-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (Homf ‘𝐶) = (Homf ‘𝐷))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (compf‘𝐶) = (compf‘𝐷))    ⇒   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑃 ∈ ( ≃𝑐 ‘𝐶)) → 𝑃 ∈ ( ≃𝑐 ‘𝐷))
Theorem	cicpropd 50080	Two structures with the same base, hom-sets and composition operation have the same isomorphic objects. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 27-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝜑 → (Homf ‘𝐶) = (Homf ‘𝐷))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → (compf‘𝐶) = (compf‘𝐷))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ( ≃𝑐 ‘𝐶) = ( ≃𝑐 ‘𝐷))
Theorem	oppccicb 50081	Isomorphic objects are isomorphic in the opposite category. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 27-Oct-2025.)
⊢ 𝑂 = (oppCat‘𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝑅( ≃𝑐 ‘𝐶)𝑆 ↔ 𝑅( ≃𝑐 ‘𝑂)𝑆)
Theorem	oppcciceq 50082	The opposite category has the same isomorphic objects as the original category. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 27-Oct-2025.)
⊢ 𝑂 = (oppCat‘𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ ( ≃𝑐 ‘𝐶) = ( ≃𝑐 ‘𝑂)
21.51.15.6  Subcategories
Theorem	dmdm 50083	The double domain of a function on a Cartesian square. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 1-Nov-2025.)
⊢ (𝐴 Fn (𝐵 × 𝐵) → 𝐵 = dom dom 𝐴)
Theorem	iinfssclem1 50084*	Lemma for iinfssc 50087. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 31-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐻 ⊆cat 𝐽)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐾 = (𝑦 ∈ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 dom 𝐻 ↦ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐻‘𝑦)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝑆 = dom dom 𝐻)    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐾 = (𝑧 ∈ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑆, 𝑤 ∈ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑆 ↦ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑧𝐻𝑤)))
Theorem	iinfssclem2 50085*	Lemma for iinfssc 50087. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 31-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐻 ⊆cat 𝐽)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐾 = (𝑦 ∈ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 dom 𝐻 ↦ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐻‘𝑦)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝑆 = dom dom 𝐻)    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐾 Fn (∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑆 × ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑆))
Theorem	iinfssclem3 50086*	Lemma for iinfssc 50087. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 31-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐻 ⊆cat 𝐽)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐾 = (𝑦 ∈ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 dom 𝐻 ↦ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐻‘𝑦)))    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝑆 = dom dom 𝐻)    &   ⊢ Ⅎ𝑥𝜑    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑋 ∈ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑆)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑌 ∈ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑆)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑋𝐾𝑌) = ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝑋𝐻𝑌))
Theorem	iinfssc 50087*	Indexed intersection of subcategories is a subcategory (the category-agnostic version). (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 31-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐻 ⊆cat 𝐽)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐾 = (𝑦 ∈ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 dom 𝐻 ↦ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐻‘𝑦)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐾 ⊆cat 𝐽)
Theorem	iinfsubc 50088*	Indexed intersection of subcategories is a subcategory. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 31-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴) → 𝐻 ∈ (Subcat‘𝐶))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐾 = (𝑦 ∈ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 dom 𝐻 ↦ ∩ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 (𝐻‘𝑦)))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐾 ∈ (Subcat‘𝐶))
Theorem	iinfprg 50089*	Indexed intersection of functions with an unordered pair index. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 31-Oct-2025.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 ∧ 𝐵 ∈ 𝑊) → (𝑥 ∈ (dom 𝐴 ∩ dom 𝐵) ↦ ((𝐴‘𝑥) ∩ (𝐵‘𝑥))) = (𝑥 ∈ ∩ 𝑦 ∈ {𝐴, 𝐵}dom 𝑦 ↦ ∩ 𝑦 ∈ {𝐴, 𝐵} (𝑦‘𝑥)))
Theorem	infsubc 50090*	The intersection of two subcategories is a subcategory. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 31-Oct-2025.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ (Subcat‘𝐶) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (Subcat‘𝐶)) → (𝑥 ∈ (dom 𝐴 ∩ dom 𝐵) ↦ ((𝐴‘𝑥) ∩ (𝐵‘𝑥))) ∈ (Subcat‘𝐶))
Theorem	infsubc2 50091*	The intersection of two subcategories is a subcategory. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 31-Oct-2025.)
⊢ ((𝐴 ∈ (Subcat‘𝐶) ∧ 𝐵 ∈ (Subcat‘𝐶)) → (𝑥 ∈ (dom dom 𝐴 ∩ dom dom 𝐵), 𝑦 ∈ (dom dom 𝐴 ∩ dom dom 𝐵) ↦ ((𝑥𝐴𝑦) ∩ (𝑥𝐵𝑦))) ∈ (Subcat‘𝐶))
Theorem	infsubc2d 50092*	The intersection of two subcategories is a subcategory. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 31-Oct-2025.)
⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 Fn (𝑆 × 𝑆))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 Fn (𝑇 × 𝑇))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ (Subcat‘𝐶))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ (Subcat‘𝐶))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑥 ∈ (𝑆 ∩ 𝑇), 𝑦 ∈ (𝑆 ∩ 𝑇) ↦ ((𝑥𝐻𝑦) ∩ (𝑥𝐽𝑦))) ∈ (Subcat‘𝐶))
Theorem	discsubclem 50093*	Lemma for discsubc 50094. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 1-Nov-2025.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝑆, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 ↦ if(𝑥 = 𝑦, {(𝐼‘𝑥)}, ∅))    ⇒   ⊢ 𝐽 Fn (𝑆 × 𝑆)
Theorem	discsubc 50094*	A discrete category, whose only morphisms are the identity morphisms, is a subcategory. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 1-Nov-2025.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝑆, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 ↦ if(𝑥 = 𝑦, {(𝐼‘𝑥)}, ∅))    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (Id‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ⊆ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ Cat)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ (Subcat‘𝐶))
Theorem	iinfconstbaslem 50095*	Lemma for iinfconstbas 50096. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 1-Nov-2025.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝑆, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 ↦ if(𝑥 = 𝑦, {(𝐼‘𝑥)}, ∅))    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (Id‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ⊆ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ Cat)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = ((Subcat‘𝐶) ∩ {𝑗 ∣ 𝑗 Fn (𝑆 × 𝑆)}))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 ∈ 𝐴)
Theorem	iinfconstbas 50096*	The discrete category is the indexed intersection of all subcategories with the same base. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 1-Nov-2025.)
⊢ 𝐽 = (𝑥 ∈ 𝑆, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 ↦ if(𝑥 = 𝑦, {(𝐼‘𝑥)}, ∅))    &   ⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 𝐼 = (Id‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ⊆ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ Cat)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐴 = ((Subcat‘𝐶) ∩ {𝑗 ∣ 𝑗 Fn (𝑆 × 𝑆)}))    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 = (𝑧 ∈ ∩ ℎ ∈ 𝐴 dom ℎ ↦ ∩ ℎ ∈ 𝐴 (ℎ‘𝑧)))
Theorem	nelsubclem 50097*	Lemma for nelsubc 50098. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 5-Nov-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ⊆ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 = ((𝑆 × 𝑆) × {∅}))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (Homf ‘𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐽 Fn (𝑆 × 𝑆) ∧ (𝐽 ⊆cat 𝐻 ∧ (¬ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 𝐼 ∈ (𝑥𝐽𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝑆 ∀𝑓 ∈ (𝑥𝐽𝑦)𝜓))))
Theorem	nelsubc 50098*	An empty "hom-set" for non-empty base satisfies all conditions for a subcategory but the existence of identity morphisms. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 5-Nov-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ⊆ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 = ((𝑆 × 𝑆) × {∅}))    &   ⊢ 𝐻 = (Homf ‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ 1 = (Id‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ · = (comp‘𝐶)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝐽 Fn (𝑆 × 𝑆) ∧ (𝐽 ⊆cat 𝐻 ∧ (¬ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ( 1 ‘𝑥) ∈ (𝑥𝐽𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝑆 ∀𝑓 ∈ (𝑥𝐽𝑦)∀𝑔 ∈ (𝑦𝐽𝑧)(𝑔(⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩ · 𝑧)𝑓) ∈ (𝑥𝐽𝑧)))))
Theorem	nelsubc2 50099	An empty "hom-set" for non-empty base is not a subcategory. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 5-Nov-2025.)
⊢ 𝐵 = (Base‘𝐶)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ⊆ 𝐵)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑆 ≠ ∅)    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐽 = ((𝑆 × 𝑆) × {∅}))    &   ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐶 ∈ Cat)    ⇒   ⊢ (𝜑 → ¬ 𝐽 ∈ (Subcat‘𝐶))
Theorem	nelsubc3lem 50100*	Lemma for nelsubc3 50101. (Contributed by Zhi Wang, 5-Nov-2025.)
⊢ 𝐶 ∈ Cat    &   ⊢ 𝐽 ∈ V    &   ⊢ 𝑆 ∈ V    &   ⊢ (𝐽 Fn (𝑆 × 𝑆) ∧ (𝐽 ⊆cat (Homf ‘𝐶) ∧ (¬ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ((Id‘𝐶)‘𝑥) ∈ (𝑥𝐽𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝑆 ∀𝑓 ∈ (𝑥𝐽𝑦)∀𝑔 ∈ (𝑦𝐽𝑧)(𝑔(⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩(comp‘𝐶)𝑧)𝑓) ∈ (𝑥𝐽𝑧))))    ⇒   ⊢ ∃𝑐 ∈ Cat ∃𝑗∃𝑠(𝑗 Fn (𝑠 × 𝑠) ∧ (𝑗 ⊆cat (Homf ‘𝑐) ∧ (¬ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑠 ((Id‘𝑐)‘𝑥) ∈ (𝑥𝑗𝑥) ∧ ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑠 ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑠 ∀𝑧 ∈ 𝑠 ∀𝑓 ∈ (𝑥𝑗𝑦)∀𝑔 ∈ (𝑦𝑗𝑧)(𝑔(⟨𝑥, 𝑦⟩(comp‘𝑐)𝑧)𝑓) ∈ (𝑥𝑗𝑧))))